钐对SmxMn0.3?xTi催化剂NH3选择性催化还原NOx过程中N2选择性的影响

本文研究了Sm对Mn基催化剂NH₃选择性催化还原NO的改善作用。采用共沉淀法制备了一系列Sm_xMn_0.3?xTi催化剂(x = 0, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2和0.3)。活性测试表明,Sm_0.15Mn_0.15Ti催化剂在180?300°C条件下,NO转化率达100%,N₂选择性达87%以上。表征结果表明,Mn基催化剂中添加Sm,抑制了TiO₂和Mn₂O₃相的结晶,提高了比表面积和酸性,其中Sm改性催化剂的比表面积从152.2增加至241.7 m2·g?1。这些作用有利于提高催化活性。X射线光电子能谱(XPS)结果表明,Sm_0.15Mn_0.15Ti的Sm3+/Sm和O_β/O的相对原子比分别为76.77at%和44.11at%,添加Sm增加了表面吸附氧(O_β),降低了Mn4+的表面浓度;程序升温还原H₂(H₂-TPR)结果表明,Sm_0.15Mn_0.15Ti催化剂还原温度提高,H₂消耗量降低至0.3 mmol?g?1。Sm的引入降低了催化剂Mn4+表面浓度,使得该催化剂氧化还原性能降低,进一步抑制NH₃氧化和非选择性催化还原反应生成N₂O,从而提高了催化剂的N₂选择性。原位漫反射红外傅立叶变换光谱(DRIFTs)表明,Sm_0.15Mn_0.15Ti催化剂的NH₃-SCR反应主要遵循Eley?Rideal机制。Sm掺杂增加了Sm_0.15Mn_0.15Ti催化剂的表面吸附氧(O_β),降低了氧化还原性能,提高了Sm_0.15Mn_0.15Ti催化剂的NO转化率和N₂选择性。     

济南市主城区空气污染物特征分析

为了深入探寻济南市主城区空气污染物特征,研究基于2019年济南市主城区7个国控自动监测点位的空气质量监测数据,分析PM_2.5、PM₁₀、SO₂、NO₂、CO和O₃共6项空气污染物时空特征,并对相关性进行研究。结果表明：浓度季变化,PM_2.5、PM₁₀、CO、SO₂和NO₂呈正“U”型曲线,O₃呈倒“U”型曲线;浓度月变化,PM_2.5、PM₁₀、CO、SO₂和NO₂呈开口向上波动性抛物线,O₃呈开口向下波动性抛物线;浓度日变化,PM_2.5、PM₁₀、SO₂、NO₂和CO呈“双峰双谷”周期性波动趋势,O₃呈“单峰单谷”周期性波动趋势;空间特征,主城区西部和北...     

A520体系气体分子吸附机理的密度泛函理论研究

采用密度泛函理论研究了CO₂、N₂、H₂O、二氯甲烷和三氯甲烷在A520中的吸附位点、吸附构型和吸附能。结果表明,A520中气体的吸附位点主要有两类,对不同的气体有不同的吸附构型。A520对CO₂、N₂、H₂O、二氯甲烷和三氯甲烷气体的最大吸附能分别为-31.69 kJ·mol^-1、-22.33 kJ·mol^-1、-68.59 kJ·mol^-1、-43.35 kJ·mol^-1和-41.62 kJ·mol^-1。从吸附能与A520的结构关系分析得出引入含氧官能团有利于水与MOFs的吸附作用,MOFs孔道大小与客体分子的分子动力学直径相近有利于增强客体分子与MOFs的吸附作用。     

高负载铜基SSZ-13分子筛催化剂SCR模型研究

随着日益严格的排放法规出台，降低重型柴油机的氮氧化物(NO_x)排放已成为研究的重点．为提高SSZ-13分子筛催化剂在低温下的二氧化氮(NO₂)转化效率，通过数值仿真的方法研究了高负载铜基的小孔径分子筛催化剂在不同工况下的最佳NO₂占比情况．利用GT-SUITE软件建立了一维反应器模型以及催化反应动力学模型，采用数值模拟计算的方法对选择催化还原(selective catalytic reduction,SCR)系统内化学反应进行了研究．模型考虑了423～673 K的温度范围内，氨气(NH₃)的吸附、脱附和氧化反应、一氧化氮(NO)氧化反应、NO_x的还原反应以及硝酸铵(NH₄NO₃)的分解反应，并且在排出气体中监测重要的温室气体——氧化亚氮(N₂O)的排放量．结果表明：在高负载铜基的SSZ-13分子筛催化剂作用下，NO₂与NH₃反应生成的NH₄NO<...     

老化态Pd/Rh基三元催化器的起燃及次生污染物生成特性研究

为探究天然气发动机三元催化器(three-way catalytic converter, TWC)长期使用后起燃特性及次生污染物生成特性的变化规律，文章建立当量比燃烧的天然气发动机Pd/Rh基催化器的表面反应机理模型，利用试验数据验证模型的准确性，研究贵金属分散度对CH₄、CO、NO排放物起燃特性以及次生污染物NH₃、N₂O生成规律的影响。结果表明：相较于新鲜催化器，老化催化器虽然仍能实现对气体排放物的有效转化，但是随着贵金属分散度的降低，CH₄、CO、NO的起燃温度明显增加，起燃特性变差；贵金属分散度还会影响次生污染物的生成规律，分散度增加时，催化剂表面对污染物气体的吸附能力增强，增加了次生污染物的消耗，次生污染物的生成有所减少。     

CuO掺杂纳米SnO2锂离子电池负极材料的合成与电化学性能

以SnCl₄·5H₂O、Cu(NO₃)₂·3H₂O和NH₃·H₂O为原料,采用化学共沉淀法制备了CuO掺杂的纳米SnO₂粉末.运用X射线衍射、扫描电镜等手段对合成粉末进行了表征.将合成粉末作为锂离子电池负极材料,研究了其充放电容量、循环性能和交流阻抗等电化学性能.结果表明：采用化学共沉淀法可以得到平均粒度为87 nm的CuO掺杂的纳米SnO₂粉末;在SnO2中掺入CuO,并没有改变SnO₂的结构,但能够有效抑制SnO₂粒子的长大;CuO掺杂的纳米SnO₂粉末的可逆容量可以达到752 mA·g^-1,经60次循环后,CuO掺杂的纳米SnO₂粉末的容量保持率分别为93.6%,优于纳米SnO₂ (92.0%),掺杂CuO改善了纳米SnO₂的循环性能.     

SnO2(110)表面In掺杂对NO2气敏吸附性能提升的理论研究

为了阐明In的掺杂能提高SnO₂(110)表面气敏性能的反应机制,采用密度泛函理论研究了NO₂分子在In掺杂SnO₂(110)表面的吸附行为. 计算结果表明:In的掺杂可以提高材料表面的导电性,形成具有氧空位的缺陷表面,有利于发生活性氧在表面的预吸附过程. 掺杂的In_5c/SnO₂(110)表面对NO₂表现出良好的吸附性,对NO₂气体的选择性和灵敏度提高的主要原因是In掺杂后氧空位缺陷表面的形成. 此外,活性氧物种的预吸附对材料表面气敏性能的影响取决于NO₂在材料表面的具体吸附位点,其中Sn_5c位点的吸附促使电荷从表面转移到气体分子,导致表面电阻的增大以及氧空位的产生,从而表现出优异的气敏吸附性能.     

N2和O2在δ-Pu(100)表面吸附行为的理论研究

空气中活性气体在钚材料表面的吸附行为是引起钚材料表面腐蚀的重要原因。采用第一性原理方法对空气中N₂和O₂在δ-Pu (100) 表面的吸附行为进行了研究。对所有稳定吸附构型进行Bader电荷分析以及吸附能与结合能分析的结果表明:N₂的最稳定吸附构型为H-S-N6,O₂的最稳定吸附构型为H-P-O4。对这2种吸附构型进行差分电荷密度分析、态密度(DOS) 分析和晶体哈密顿轨道布居数(COHP) 计算的结果表明:N₂和O₂在δ-Pu (100) 表面的吸附均为强化学吸附,且O₂的吸附远远强于N₂。成键本质均为N原子或O原子的2s和2p轨道与表面Pu原子的6p、6d和5f轨道发生重叠杂化作用。研究结果对于N₂和O₂在δ-Pu (100) 表面共吸附行为的研究奠定了良好基础,对揭示钚材料在空气中的表面腐蚀机制有重要意义。     

合肥市高新区大气SO2与O3和NO2污染特征及来源分析

采用长光程差分吸收光谱系统对合肥市高新区大气SO₂,O₃,NO₂进行连续观测，分析气体污染特征和可能存在的污染源.日变化显示，夜间SO₂质量浓度较高，日间质量浓度低.NO₂呈单峰单谷型，交通晚高峰对NO₂质量浓度有一定影响，全日质量浓度持续偏高(35～45μg/m³)且变化较小，存在其他重要的氮氧化物排放源.O₃有明显的日变化，日间质量浓度高，在午后16:00出现最大值；夜间质量浓度低，凌晨出现最低值.冬季大气边界层低，不利于污染扩散，NO₂和SO₂质量浓度保持较高水平，而夏季光解反应剧烈，湿沉降明显，污染物质量浓度较低，O₃质量浓度表现为春夏季高于秋冬季.污染源分析表明，SO₂高值主要与观测点西北面农村居民生活燃煤及东南侧制药公司和涂料厂的无组织排放有关.低风速下NO₂高质量浓度受观测点附近望江西路的机...     

提高再生气中H2S浓度的方案研究

对以生物质热解气为原料的低温甲醇洗工艺进行模拟和研究,热解气主要成分为CO₂、H₂、CO、H₂S、COS和水等。采用Aspen plus对低温甲醇洗工艺进行全流程模拟,通过对比分析可知,模拟结果与实际值基本吻合。针对原工艺H₂S浓度低的问题,提出两个改进方案以提高H₂S的浓度：①提高气提塔的N₂流量;②在气提塔后添加一个闪蒸罐,气提塔塔底的甲醇溶液经过加热和闪蒸后再进入甲醇再生塔。结果表明改进方案可以大大提高再生气中H₂S的浓度。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.