国人胎儿卵巢组织发生的形态学观察

在16～38周41例胎儿中,取右侧卵巢固定于Bouin液中,制成切片,HE染色,在显微镜下观察了卵巢的发育过程。见到卵巢表面上皮随胎龄变化而发生变化;20周胎儿卵巢出现白膜,到36周时发育完整;16周时在卵巢皮质和髓质交界区出现原始卵泡,20周后大量原始卵泡存在于皮质中且可观察到少数生长卵泡;36周时生长卵泡出现卵泡腔。     

猕猴从幼年到老年的卵巢组织学变化

摘要:目的 观察猕猴的卵巢组织从幼年到老年的变化情况,探索猕猴的卵巢随着年龄增长发生变化的机制,为卵巢衰老的研究提供组织学参考。 方法 (1)筛选幼年猕猴 3 只,青年猕猴 3 只,老年猕猴 3 只。 ( 2) 安乐死处理猕猴,取卵巢组织,电子天平称质量并拍照,横向切成 4 份,置于 4%多聚甲醛固定。 (3) HE 染色观察卵巢组织各级卵泡与结构变化;Masson 染色观察卵巢组织纤维化程度;Tunel 染色统计分析卵巢细胞的凋亡率;免疫组织化学染色统计血管个数。 结果 (1)幼年猕猴的卵巢脏器指数与青年猕猴的无显著差异,都高于老年猕猴的卵巢脏器指数。(2)幼年与青年猕猴的卵巢组织中可见原始、初级、次级,成熟卵泡;老年猕猴的卵巢局部只见闭锁卵泡,大部分被脂肪组织填充。 (3)幼年猕猴的卵巢纤维化程度高于青年猕猴,老年猕猴纤维化程度最高。 ( 4) 幼年猕猴卵巢细胞凋亡率与青年猕猴的无显著差异,都显著低于老年猕猴。 (5)幼年猕猴血管个数最多,青年猕猴多于高于老年猕猴。 结论 随着年龄增长,猕猴卵巢组织中卵泡数量逐渐减少、髓质被大量脂肪组织填充、间质排列散乱,这一生物学过程与卵巢纤维化程度增强、卵巢细胞凋亡率增加、血管个数减少相关。     

氯化汞对小白鼠卵巢损伤的显微镜及超微结构研究

对氯化汞染毒小白鼠卵巢进行了显微和超微结构研究。结果表明,氯化汞对小白鼠卵巢发育有明显的毒性作用,主要表现出卵巢内发育的卵泡（原始卵泡、生长卵泡、成熟卵泡）数量随剂量的增高依次性减少,而闭锁卵泡的数量则相反,为依次性增高。超微结构显示,从中剂量组开始,卵照相结构表现出病理学变化,主要表现为卵细胞核膜皱缩,染色质凝聚,胞质内线粒体肿胀、变形,外膜和内嵴受损,次级溶酶体及残余小体增多等现象。     

国人胎儿肾上腺发育的组织学研究

本文对12～36周28例胎儿肾上腺的组织结构进行光镜下观察、测量、显微照相。结果表明,胎儿肾上腺皮质和髓质发育不同步。12～36周永久皮质厚度的发育曲线比较平稳,随胎龄增长的变化不明显;临时皮质的厚度随胎龄增长变化明显,其发育曲线呈山峰形,最高点在24周;髓质在12～36周发育尚未完成。在皮质区可见有嗜铬细胞群混杂分布,有向深层迁移现象。19～36周髓质的发育曲线随胎龄增长而直线上升。嗜铬细胞直径随胎龄的增加而增长,其个数随胎龄的增加而减少。     

湘西自治州少数民族居民体质现状调查与分析

采用2005年国民体质监测标准,对湘西地区20～59岁成年普通少数民族居民进行抽样调查.结果表明：湘西地区20～59岁成年少数民族居民的身体形态随年龄的增长有横向发展的趋势,身体机能和身体素质随年龄的增长逐渐下降,特别是进入中年以后,下降的趋势比较明显.     

不同发育时期小鼠卵巢腔前卵泡的分布及形态学研究

通过石蜡切片-HE染色技术,系统研究小鼠生后不同发育时期即3,5,7,10,15,20,30,45 d卵巢的卵泡分布、形态结构及发育规律.研究结果表明,随着小鼠卵巢的发育,由最初的无皮髓质之分到皮髓明显可见,卵泡从只见聚集呈条索状到发育成原始卵泡、初级卵泡、次级卵泡,直至有腔的形成.从数量上看,原始卵泡逐渐减少,初次级卵泡逐渐增多,有腔卵泡数量也从无到有从少到多.卵巢由最初的无卵泡发育到有许多大小不等、处于不同发育时期的卵泡、大部分有腔样结构.在此发育过程中会伴有卵泡的闭锁.小鼠卵巢中各级腔前卵泡的分布具有区域性.     

中药复方液对麻黄素损伤小鼠卵巢的保护作用

为了研究中药对麻黄素损伤小鼠卵巢的影响,将60只受孕小鼠随机分为对照组、麻黄素组与中药组.对照组腹腔连续注射生理盐水,麻黄素组与中药组均腹腔注射0.2mL 6g·L-1麻黄素溶液,中药组在注射麻黄素溶液1h后灌胃0.3mL的中药复方液.在处理15、20、25d后,分别用ELISA法测定小鼠血浆中肾上腺素(EPI)、雌二醇(E2)含量的变化,用比色法检测卵巢组织SOD活性及MDA含量的变化,称量卵巢重量,用生物显微技术观察卵巢组织的显微结构,计数次级卵泡与闭锁卵泡数量,测量次级卵泡直径,用免疫组织化学法检测Bax蛋白在卵巢组织中表达的变化.结果显示,麻黄素组小鼠血浆EPI浓度升高,E2浓度降低,卵巢组织SOD活性降低,MDA含量升高,次级卵泡与闭锁卵泡数量增多,次级卵泡直径减小,卵巢组织受损,结构紊乱,颗粒细胞排列松散、降解,黄体细胞核固缩,Bax蛋白的表达增强.与麻黄素组相比,中药组小鼠血浆中EPI浓度降低,E2浓度升高,卵巢组织SOD活性明显升高,MDA含量降低,卵巢结构清晰,次级卵泡数量减少,颗粒细胞排列紧密整齐,崩解减少,Bax蛋白的阳性表达明显减少.研究结果表明,中药复方液对麻黄素损伤小鼠卵巢有一定的保护作用,这可能与SOD活性和Bax蛋白的表达有关.     

银环蛇冬眠前,中,后卵巢的发育及组织学观察

银环蛇的卵巢在冬眠前、冬眠中及醒眠后,其外形及卵泡均有明显地变化。冬眠中生长卵泡在缓慢发育,５月底成熟卵泡已经地与卵巢分离,排卵后,卵巢的重量达到生殖周期的最低工水平。１０月至次年５月份,在输卵管内发现有活的精子。     

蛤蚧卵巢结构和卵泡发育的研究

利用光镜和电镜对蛤蚧卵巢结构和卵泡发育进行了观察研究，成年蛤蚧卵巢由生殖基，卵巢壁和不同发育阶段的卵泡所组成，卵原细胞位于生殖基内，每一卵巢仅有一个生殖然，卵泡发育整个过程经历卵原细胞期，初级卵泡期，生长卵泡期的成熟卵泡期４个时期。在生长儿泡期，同形滤泡细胞转变成为形态和各功能各异的３种细胞－小细胞，喑细胞和梨形细胞；随后再由异形细胞变为同形细胞，这种现象是鳞类爬行动物独有的特征。     

D-半乳糖诱导青年树鼩卵巢衰老

目的 通过D-半乳糖诱导法建立树鼩衰老模型,为卵巢衰老的研究提供模型参考方案。方法 (1)筛选青年树鼩8只,随机分为对照组(n=4)与模型组(n=4)。(2)模型组按8 g/kg的剂量颈背部皮下注射D-半乳糖5个月,采集卵巢,液氮冻存以及4%多聚甲醛固定。(3)HE染色观测卵巢组织结构;免疫组织化学染色观测衰老相关标志分子蛋白表达;Ki67染色观测增殖活性;Tunel染色观测细胞凋亡。结果 (1)对照组树鼩卵巢组织髓质与间质界限明显,细胞排列整齐,可见原始、初级、次级和成熟卵泡,有少量闭锁卵泡;模型组树鼩卵巢组织结构散乱,局部只见原始、初级卵泡,有大量闭锁卵泡。(2)模型组衰老相关标志分子P53、P21、P16蛋白表达水平明显高于对照组。(3)模型组细胞增殖活性显著低于对照组。(4)模型组卵巢细胞凋亡率显著高于对照组。结论 D-半乳糖可诱导卵巢组织结构散乱,卵泡闭锁,使细胞增殖活性减弱,凋亡率增加。     

Follicles were reconstituted from dissociated mouse fetal ovarian cellsin vitro

Early folliculogenesis involved in the interaction of germ cells and somatic cells is a complicated physiological event. Female germ cells are committed to differentiate into oocytes and finish complete development in the functional units of follicles. Thus there will be great significance in basal research and practices to evaluate the possibility of ovarian cells to reconstitute into follicles in vitro. In the present research, 12-16 dpc (days post coitum) mouse fetal ovarian cells were respectively isolated using collagenase digestion and cultured in droplets in vitro. The results revealed that the fetal ovarian cells of 12-16 dpc appeared to form multiple cell aggregates and tissue-like pieces in vitro. However, 12-13 dpc ovarian cells failed to form the follicles. 14-15 dpc ovarian cells were competent to form a few follicle-like complexes. Furthermore many small typical follicles were reconstituted from 16 dpc ovarian cells in vitro. The results showed for the first time that mouse embryonic ovarian cells were able to form the follicles in vitro. It was a gradual progression for the female germ cells to achieve the ability to induce somatic cells differentiation and reconstitu-tion into follicles, which may directly lead to the success in reorganization and transplantation of genetically modified ovary in vitro.     

过表达 miRNA-320 对顺铂诱导卵巢早衰大鼠卵巢功能的影响

摘要:目的 探讨过表达 miRNA-320 对顺铂诱导卵巢早衰大鼠卵巢功能的影响。 方法 选择清洁级 SD 雌性大鼠32 只,随机分为 4 组:正常对照组、模型组、阴性对照组和 miRNA-320 过表达组,每组 8 只。 在实验过程中,每天观察各组大鼠饮食、活动和体毛等外在表现的差异。 采用 ELISA 检测各组大鼠血清中 E2、FSH、LH 的含量;采用 HE染色,光镜下观察各组大鼠卵巢组织形态学变化;采用 PCR 检测各组大鼠卵巢组织 miRNA-320、PGRMC1、BMP15的表达水平;采用 Western blot 检测各组大鼠卵巢组织中 PGRMC1、BMP15 的蛋白表达水平。 结果 与正常对照组相比,模型组大鼠活动迟缓、无精神、反应迟钝、食欲下降、体质量下降以及体毛暗淡无光泽;组织形态学分析表明,卵巢组织明显萎缩、皮质变薄、闭锁卵泡数目多以及间质纤维组织增多;血清 FSH、LH 显著升高,而血清 E2 及卵巢组织中 PGRMC1、BMP15 的蛋白和 mRNA 表达水平均降低,差异具有统计学意义( P< 0. 05) 。 与阴性对照组相比,miRNA-320 过表达组大鼠活动量增加、反应较为敏捷、进食增多、体毛逐渐有光泽;间质纤维化明显减轻、成熟卵泡数量明显增加、黄体数增多;血清 E2 的含量、卵巢组织中 PGRMC1、BMP15 的蛋白和 mRNA 的表达水平均升高,而FSH、LH 的含量降低( P<0. 05) 。 结论 顺铂可诱导卵巢早衰大鼠卵巢功能障碍,过表达 miRNA-320 可改善顺铂诱导的卵巢早衰大鼠的卵巢功能。     

Follicular growth,differentiation and atresia

Only limited numbers of primordial follicles in mammalian ovary grow and differentiate to reach the stage of dominate follicles and ovulate. 99% of the follicles in the ovary undergo atresia at various stages of development.Regulation of follicular growth, development and atresia is a complex process and involves interactions between endocrine factors and intraovarian regulators. This review summarized: i ) FSH may not be a survival factor in regulating slow-growing preantral follicles. Some locally produced growth factors, activin and orphan receptors might play a more important role at this stage, ii ) Estrogen, activin/inhibin and follistatin coordinate with FSH to regulate and control follicle differentiation, iii) There are two types of follicular atresia induced by apoptosis which originates from GC or oocyte, respectively. Early translation of tPA mRNA into tPA protein in oocyte may be associated with oocytea apoptosis.     

miR-26b和miR-224在梅山与杜洛克猪卵泡中的差异表达分析

为了探讨miRNAs在猪卵泡和繁殖相关组织中的表达,采用荧光定量RT-PCR法和组织表达谱分析法,对miR-26b和miR-224在梅山和杜洛克猪卵泡及其他繁殖相关组织中的表达进行了研究。组织表达谱分析结果表明:miR-26b和miR-224在下丘脑、垂体、子宫、输卵管、卵巢、子宫角、黄体组织中均有表达。RT-PCR结果表明:miR-26b在L卵泡中的表达量梅山猪是杜洛克猪的2倍(P0.01);而在S卵泡中的表达量杜洛克是梅山猪的10倍(P0.01);两品种在M1和M2卵泡中的表达量差异不显著。miR-224在S卵泡中的表达量杜洛克是梅山的7.79倍(P0.01);而在M2卵泡中表达量梅山是杜洛克的1.84倍(P0.05);两品种在M1和L卵泡中的表达量差异不显著。在猪种内大卵泡L、中等卵泡M2、中等卵泡M1、小卵泡S的相对表达量也有不同程度的差异。此研究表明,miR-26b和miR-224在梅山和杜洛克猪中表达趋势相似,它们的表达差异可能影响卵泡发育和成熟,为深入了解miR-26b和miR-224在卵泡发育中的作用奠定了基础。     

Follicles in pregnant rat ovary are incapable of steroidogenesis

Antral follicles are present in the ovaries throughout gestation. These follicles are “physically immature” and cannot ovulate under the induction of LH/hCG. The purpose of the present study is to examine whether follicles in pregnant rat ovaries are capable of steroidogenesis. StAR is believed to be the key regulator of steroid hormone biosynthesis. Antisense StAR probe and anti-StAR rabbit serum have been used to detect the StAR expression in ovarian follicles at various stages of pregnant rats. The results indicate that theca-interstitial cells and the membrane granulosa cells at the stages from the estrous or pre-estrous in the normal cycling rat ovary express StAR mRNA and its protein, whereas neither granulosa cells nor the theca cells in pregnant ovary throughout gestation express StAR. These results indicate that the pregnant follicles throughout gestation are incapable of steroidogenesis.     

Localization of orphan receptor TR3 mRNA in early developmental follicles in rat

Byin situ hybridization, the localization of orphan receptor TR3 mRNA has been observed in early developmental follicles. TR3 mRNA is first expressed in the ovarian interstitial cells on day 2 after birth, and then in granulosa cells (GC) in primary follicles on day 4. The expression level of TR3 mRNA in GC increases following the follicular development. Its higher expression can be observed in the outer layer of GC and inner layer of theca cells (TC) on day 6, where the cells present active proliferation and differentiation. The expression of TR3 is in an increasing manner until the large antral follicles on day 30. The mRNA is only expressed in the healthy, but not atretic follicles in adult rat ovaries. Injection of epidermal growth factor (EGF) has dramatically enhanced its expression in the early stage of developmental follicles. It is therefore suggested that TR3 may play a role in regulating growth and differentiation of ovarian somatic cells in the early stage, and its expression is regulated by EGF.     

Role of plasminogen activators and inhibitors in reproduction

The recent progress in the studies on the role of local and directed fibrinolysis controlled by plasminogen activators (PAs) and regulated by their inhibitors (PAIs) in reproduction is summarized. Hormone-induced coordinated expression of tissue type PA (tPA) and PAI type-1 (PAI-1) in the ovary is involved in the processes of ovulation and luteal regression; increases in urokinase type PA (uPA) and PAI-1 activity in the early stage of luteinized follicles may be responsible for ovarian tissue remodeling and angiogenesis; the PA system has been found to play an important role in spermatogenesis in testis and modulation of sperm maturation in epididymis. PA and matrix matalloproteanase (MMP) and their respective inhibitors have also been identified in trophoblast and uterus. The targeted proteolytic activity generated by the two systems may play an essential role in the processes of the cyclic uterine angiogenesis, implantation and placentation as well as parturition.