红曲霉固态发酵产糖化酶及酸性蛋白酶条件的优化

从8株红曲霉中筛选出红曲霉MQ7作为高产糖化酶和酸性蛋白酶的供试菌株,采用固态发酵方法测定在不同发酵温度、底物料液比、大米和麸皮比例条件下的产酶情况.利用正交实验优化固态发酵产酶过程,确定该菌株产酶最佳发酵条件为:发酵温度30,℃,底物料液比(g∶mL)20∶25,大米麸皮比例(g∶g)17∶3.在此条件下,糖化酶活力达1,641.69,U/g,酸性蛋白酶活力达151.09,U/g.同时研究了NaCl含量对红曲霉酶活力的抑制作用,当NaCl质量分数达到18.92%时,红曲霉MQ7产糖化酶活力下降64.8%,酸性蛋白酶活力下降85.6%.     

培养条件对康宁木霉产酶的影响

通过对康宁木霉纤维素酶（C1酶和Cx酶）、酸性蛋白酶活力的比较,筛选出了康宁木霉产酶的最适培养条件.康宁木霉在m（麸皮）∶m（秸秆）=2∶8,氮源为w=1%的NH4NO3,含水量为65%,起始pH值为6.5的条件下培养72h,C1酶活力最高,为191.3U/g;在m（麸皮）∶m（秸秆）=6∶4,氮源为w=1%的（NH4）2SO4,含水量为65%,起始pH值为7.5的条件下培养48h,Cx酶活力最高,为2006.5U/g;在m（麸皮）∶m（秸秆）=8∶2,氮源为w=1%的（NH4）2CO3,含水量为65%,起始pH值为4.5的条件下培养96h,酸性蛋白酶活力最高,为1859.6U/g.     

桔绿木霉产木聚糖酶固体发酵条件研究

对桔绿木霉(Trichoderma citrinoviride)XE-13产木聚糖酶发酵条件进行优化.采用单因素法,研究固体发酵条件下最适培养基组成、料水比以及培养温度、培养基初始p H、培养时间、接种量等条件对产酶的影响.确定培养基组成为:碳源(m(麸皮)∶m(玉米芯)=4 g∶6 g);氮源(NH_4)_2SO_4;碳∶氮=(m(C)∶m(N)=1 g∶0.05 g);料∶水=1 g∶1.5 mL.最适合的培养条件为:培养温度30℃、培养基初始pH值6.0、培养时间72 h、接种量1.0×10~7个/mL孢子悬液/培养基干料=0.3 mL/10 g.在此条件下,木聚糖酶活力可达391.5 U/g.     

纳豆激酶产生菌的固体发酵参数优化

对影响纳豆激酶产生菌固体发酵时产酶影响因子如碳源/氮源、含水量、温度、pH和培养时间等进行了优化.实验结果表明,菌株1适宜的固体发酵产酶培养基豆粕:麸皮比为3∶1;菌株2适宜的固体发酵产酶培养基豆粕:麸皮比为1∶1时产酶活性最高;菌株1适宜的培养基含水以50%最好,菌株2以70%最好;培养基初始pH均在7.0时酶活最高;发酵温度均以25℃最好,不易超过30℃;两个菌株的适宜发酵时间分别为36 h(菌株1)和72 h(菌株2).在优化发酵条件下,两个菌株单位发酵物中纤溶酶平均酶活力可分别达到1 407.25 U/g(菌株1)和953 U/g(菌株2).     

复合酶法提取褐藻可溶性膳食纤维的工艺优化及其抗氧化功能测定

以褐藻为原材料, 利用复合酶提取法提取可溶性膳食纤维(SDF). 先通过单因素实验研究不同提取条件对褐藻SDF提取率的影响, 再进行响应面实验分析, 从而确定复合酶法提取褐藻SDF的最佳条件; 测定所得褐藻 SDF 的理化特性, 并测定其抗氧化活性. 结果表明:  最佳提取条件为m(固)∶V（液）=1∶25, 55 ℃的酶解温度、 75 min的酶解时间、2.2%的酶添加量, 该条件下得到褐藻SDF的最大提取率为38.15%,相对偏差为2.23%;褐藻 SDF 的持水力和膨胀力分别为 24.6 g/g, 53.7 mL/g; 对1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼（DPPH.）自由基清除率达75.77%, 对2,2′-联氮-双-3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸（ABTS.）自由基清除率在褐藻SDF质量比为160 μg/g时与对照组无显著性差异.       

微球形固定化α-葡萄糖苷酶的制备

将粉末状壳聚糖制备成微球形多孔载体 ,采用吸附 -交联的方法将TGL固定化 .研究表明 ,制备微球形多孔壳聚糖载体的关键取决于壳聚糖原料的分子量分布、壳聚糖的稀酸溶液浓度以及凝结液的组成等因素 ;当壳聚糖的相对分子质量为 3.0× 10 5左右 ,壳聚糖溶液浓度为 2 .5% ,凝结液组成为 2mol/LNaOH∶4 0 %甲醛 =3∶2 (体积比 )或2mol/LNaOH∶甲醇 =3∶1(体积比 )时 ,可制得微球形多孔壳聚糖载体 .最佳固定化条件研究表明 ,对于脱乙酰度为 88%的壳聚糖载体 ,加酶量为 3× 10 5Unit/g时 ,在 pH 6.0条件下 ,室温吸附 8h ,然后用 2 .0 %的戊二醛在 4 5℃交联 9h ,可得到固定化酶的活力为2 .34 2× 10 5Unit/g ,酶活力回收率为 78.1% ,并具有较好的强度 .     

蛋白酶水解骨素的对比及其优化研究

选取木瓜蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶、风味蛋白酶分别对骨素进行酶解,对比了几种酶解液的苦味和水解度.结果表明:风味蛋白酶最适合酶解骨蛋白,其水解产物鲜味明显,无明显苦味;木瓜蛋白酶水解骨蛋白效果最差,其水解产物苦味最为明显;中性蛋白酶水解效果介于风味蛋白酶和木瓜蛋白酶之间.风味蛋白酶水解骨蛋白的最佳酶解条件为:温度50℃,加酶量6 000 U/g底物蛋白,p H值为7.0,酶解时间2 h,料液比1∶5(g/m L),在此条件下其水解度可达34.80%.     

硫酸盐还原菌产亚硫酸盐还原酶的发酵工艺研究

对硫酸盐还原菌产亚硫酸盐还原酶的发酵工艺条件进行了研究,主要内容包括碳源、氮源、温度、起始pH、装液量及发酵周期等.通过单因素实验研究表明,以可溶性淀粉为碳源,以尿素作为氮源,选C∶N比为1∶3,在初始pH 7.0的条件下,接种量为5%,装液量为1∶3,35℃摇床培养42h,酶活力可达到16.2U/mL.     

甘蔗渣乙醇化预处理方法比较

用稀硫酸、氢氧化钠及超声波辅助碱法对甘蔗渣进行乙醇化预处理,研究酸、碱的质量分数、温度、时间、质量浓度对甘蔗渣预处理的影响.在硫酸质量分数为0.8%、质量浓度为1∶25（g/mL）、温度为135 ℃ 的条件下反应4 min,经酶水解后糖质量分数为17.81%（g/g）;在氢氧化钠质量分数为9%、质量浓度为1∶8（g/mL）、温度为40 ℃的条件下反应15 min,经酶水解后糖质量分数为14.50%（g/g）;超声波能够强化甘蔗渣碱预处理,处理液经酶水解后的糖质量分数达18.65%（g/g）.     

玉米芯诱导里氏木霉Rut C30产纤维素酶的分析

分别以不同木质纤维素类为碳源(质量浓度均为10,g/L)诱导里氏木霉Rut C30产酶,通过测定诱导过程的产酶曲线,结果表明:以玉米芯为诱导碳源时,各酶组分的产酶水平最高,诱导120,h后纤维素酶滤纸酶活、β–葡萄糖苷酶和木聚糖酶酶活分别为1.53,FPU/m L、0.61,IU/m L和72.86,IU/m L.采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)法分析了玉米芯水解过程中糖的组成及变化,可检测到的单糖包括葡萄糖、木糖、阿拉伯糖、甘露糖和半乳糖以及纤维二糖等寡糖.诱导产酶实验表明单糖中只有半乳糖可诱导纤维素酶的合成.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.