基于模糊变结构控制设计一种鲁棒主动队列管理算法

基于模糊逻辑控制(FLC)提出了一种主动队列管理(AQM)算法.该算法将滑模控制器(SMC)和PI控制器相结合,综合了二者的优点,既对网络模型的不确定性、网络参数的时变性以及非TCP流所引起的网络抖动具有很强的鲁棒性,又可以通过PI控制使稳态误差最小.仿真结果表明该算法可以获得好的暂态和稳态响应,结果也表明在网络条件变化的情况下,该算法优于传统的PI控制和传统的变结构控制.     

基于模糊滑模控制的主动队列管理算法

针对动态网络的拥塞问题,提出一种主动队列管理(AQM)算法·该算法基于模糊滑模控制器(FSMC)设计,适合于动态网络流量的变化·模糊控制的加入,缩短了到达时间,改善了滑模控制的抖振现象·对于TCP/IP网络中存在的网络模型的不确定性、网络参数的时变性以及非TCP适应流所引起的网络抖动,该算法具有很强的鲁棒性·仿真结果表明该方法可以使队列长度快速收敛到设定值,同时维持较小的队列振荡,尤其是在网络条件变化的情况下,该算法优于传统的PI控制、模糊控制和传统的滑模控制·     

输入受限的非线性网络系统全局滑模控制

针对动态TCP网络的拥塞问题,在输入受限情况下,基于全局滑模控制理论设计了一种主动队列管理(AQM)算法.该算法消除了滑模控制的到达阶段,保证网络系统在整个控制过程中的鲁棒性.对于TCP/IP网络中存在的网络模型的不确定、网络参数的时变性以及非TCP适应流所引起的网络振动,该算法可以获得良好的暂态和稳态响应.仿真结果表明该算法可以使队列长度快速收敛到设定值,同时维持较小的队列振荡,尤其是在网络条件变化的情况下,该算法优于传统的PI控制和滑模控制.     

基于内模补偿的网络拥塞控制新算法:IC-AQM

已有的AQM算法都没有充分考虑到长时滞对算法性能的影响，该文利用频率域模型降价拟合方式建立了TCP流量控制中主动队列管理AQM系统的等效模型，应用控制理论中的内模补偿原理设计鲁棒的时滞补偿AQM算法（IC—AQM），克服了长时滞给对队列稳定造成的不利影响，仿真结果表明，这种新算法在长时滞小期望队列综合性能明显优于已有的RED、REM、PI等算法，链路利用率大大提高。     

基于二次型优化的神经元PID无线拥塞算法研究

神经元PID算法能较好地控制瓶颈节点的队列长度,但当网络环境发生较大变化时,其控制效果往往难以保证.根据Ad Hoc网络环境参量时变的特点,推导了无线TCP/AQM离散模型,在神经元算法的加权系数中引入二次型性能指标,设计了一种基于二次型性能指标的神经元PID的AQM.仿真结果表明:在动态拓扑、突发流及链路容量变化的Ad Hoc网络中,该改进算法优于PI算法.     

基于增益自适应Smith预估器的鲁棒AQM拥塞控制算法

根据Lyapunov渐近稳定定理，提出了一种基于增益自适应Smith预估器的鲁棒主动队列管理（AQM）拥塞控制算法（GAS-PI）．该算法结构简单，具有良好的鲁棒性和网络控制性能，同时克服了大时滞给队列稳定性造成的不利影响．仿真结果表明：采用GAS-PI算法，对于限制系统振荡超调量的作用非常明显，同时能使网络具有更快的响应速度及更平稳的队列——在HTTP扰动和负载变动较大的情况下，算法使得缓存队列迅速收敛到稳定值；当网络时延增大时，算法能使网络的动态性能依然保持良好．     

Ad hoc网络PI队列管理算法稳定性分析

主动队列管理PI算法的稳定性是拥塞控制研究的重要内容。目前PI-AQM设计大多基于经验,缺乏稳定性的理论分析。针对Ad hoc网络的时滞特点,利用泰勒级数展开,将时滞系统线性化,分析了PI算法在时延无线网络中的稳定性,推导了时滞对象的稳定条件,以便进一步优化设计PI控制器。通过Matlab和NS2仿真,结果表明,选择kp=0.01,ki=0.04,的PI控制器能较好地稳定TCP/AQM时滞系统;与传统的去尾算法相比,PI控制器取得了较好的控制效果,队列长度维持在理想值附近。     

基于H∞控制的主动队列管理算法

针对网络参数的不确定性和链路带宽的时变性,设计了一种主动队列管理(AQM)算法.该算法将可获得的链路带宽作为标称值,而不可获得的未知时变链路带宽作为干扰信号, 以状态空间的形式描述TCP/AQM模型,用时间域H∞控制方法解决网络拥塞问题.NS2仿真结果表明,该算法在往返时间时变和具有扰动业务流情况下,能够快速收敛于期望队列长度,且性能优于已有的控制算法.     

Ad hoc网络主动队列管理分析

针对无线网络特点,采用主动队列管理算法来控制无线瓶颈节点的队列长度,以期达到拥塞控制的目的.通过NS2仿真和对数据的分析比较,无线网络中间节点的拥塞控制是可行的,但并非所有的主动队列管理算法均适用于Ad hoe网络.与有线网络不同,RED算法不适用于Ad hoc网络的拥塞控制,其性能较去尾算法并无较大改善;REM算法在不同负栽下表现不同,随着负栽增加,其性能下降明显;PI算法在负栽变化时可以较好的控制Ad hoc节点队列长度.并将队列震荡控制在较小的范围.     

时滞TCP网络滑模预测主动队列管理算法

针对Internet网络系统中存在的网络拥塞问题,提出了一种离散滑模预测主动队列管理(AQM)控制算法。基于离散化TCP动态拥塞窗口模型,设计了具有时滞补偿的滑模预测算法(SMPC);利用当前及过去时刻的系统信息预测网络未来动态,对滑动模态进行实时校正,确保队列快速平稳的到达期望值;基于Lyapunov方法证明了闭环时滞系统渐近稳定的充分条件。以单瓶颈网络系统为对象的仿真结果表明:所设计的滑模预测AQM算法具有很强的稳定性和鲁棒性,控制性能优于PI、RED和SMC等算法;克服了时变长时延等网络不确定因素的影响,有效避免了网络拥塞的发生。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-