节理岩质边坡桩基加固的稳定性分析

利用有限差分法FLAC3D软件建立节理岩质边坡桩基加固的数值模型,通过强度折减法计算边坡安全系数,并分析边坡节理面倾角、桩长、桩位置对节理岩质边坡稳定性及桩身内力与位移的影响。研究结果表明:桩总长L1存在某一临界桩长L0,当L1L0时,增加桩总长对桩加固效果影响不大;节理上部桩长L2是影响桩加固岩质边坡效果的决定性长度参数;桩位置逐渐远离坡面时,加固效果急剧降低;桩身剪力和弯矩均呈周期性波形分布,最大剪力绝对值出现桩与节理面的相交点处,最大弯矩出现在剪力约等于0 kN处;当节理面倾角大于岩石摩擦角时,桩顶水平位移随着桩位置逐渐远离坡面而急剧增大。为了提高桩基加固效果,实际工程中桩总长应小于临界桩长,且尽可能布置桩在坡面附近。     

坑中坑基坑内坑支护桩弯矩发展规律

坑中坑基坑是一种较为复杂且尚未得到充分研究的基坑形式。为研究基坑开挖过程中内坑支护桩的内力发展规律,进行了施工过程中的支护桩内力现场测试。通过采集桩身纵向受力钢筋的应力来反演桩身弯矩,分析了支护桩桩身弯矩在施工过程中的发展规律。通过有限元数值计算拟合了试验结果,研究了外坑开挖深度和平台宽度变化时内坑支护桩桩身弯矩的变化趋势,结果表明：坑趾系数(外坑平台宽度/开挖深度)与内坑支护桩桩身最大弯矩的变化存在着密切联系,通过拟合给出了桩身最大弯矩增长率随坑趾系数的函数曲线,桩身最大弯矩增长率可作为坑中坑基坑中内坑支护桩设计时的安全系数加以考虑。     

冠梁水平侧向刚度对桩锚支护体系内力和变形的影响分析

通过某基坑工程实例,分析了冠梁水平侧向刚度对桩锚支护内力和变形的影响.结果表明,桩身最大剪力、第二道和第三道锚索轴力对冠梁水平侧向刚度不敏感,而桩身位移、桩身弯矩和第一道锚索轴力等对冠梁水平侧向刚度较敏感,其中第一道锚索轴力最敏感,其次为桩身弯矩和桩身位移.提升第一道锚索位置将显著降低桩身位移和弯矩及第一道锚索轴力对冠梁水平侧向刚度的敏感性.本文得出的一些结论对基坑工程设计有一定的指导意义.     

盾构施工时桩身参数对侧桩位移的影响

针对苏州轻轨1号线盾构隧道的施工情况,采用三维有限元数值模型,研究盾构施工对不同刚度及边长桩基的影响.结果表明:当盾构施工时,不同刚度桩身均偏向隧道移动,隧道轴线处的横向位移均最大.桩身横向位移最大值、竖向位移均随桩身刚度增大而变小,而且桩顶的竖向位移均大于桩底的竖向位移;当桩身弹性模量大于10GPa时,桩身竖向沉降减小不明显.随着桩身边长的逐渐增大,盾构施工引起的桩身最大横向位移、竖向位移、桩顶与桩底的竖向位移差均逐渐减小.盾构施工时应当监控桩基隧道轴线处横向位移及竖向沉降.     

Pasternak地基中H(t)-V受荷桩水平响应有限杆单元法分析

为探讨桩顶水平动荷载H（t）与竖向荷载V联合作用下桩基的水平响应,基于 Pasternak地基和Euler梁理论,建立了桩-土相互作用水平振动分析模型,采用改进的有限杆单元方法求解考虑P-Δ效应、土体剪切效应影响的综合刚度矩阵方程,结合桩土连续边界条件得到桩身内力与位移解答.通过与已有解析解、有限元解和模型试验的结果比较,验证了计算方法的合理性.最后,对影响桩身内力与位移的主要因素进行分析.结果表明：1）传统Winkler地基相较于Pasternak地基模型,忽略了地基土体的剪切效应,将夸大桩体结构的实际受力,使得计算得到的桩身水平位移和弯矩均大于Pasternak地基所得结果,且随着桩土弹模比Ep/Es的降低,两种地基模型计算的桩身最大水平位移和弯矩的差异性呈现出增强趋势;2） 随着桩顶竖向荷载的增加,桩身水平位移和弯矩受P-Δ效应的影响显著.当桩顶竖向荷载特征参数λ由0增至2时,桩身最大水平位移和弯矩分别提高40.85%和78.57%;3） 相较无限长桩（L>20dp）,有限长桩的水平位移和弯矩的动力响应受桩身长径比L/dp影响更大;桩身最大水平位移和弯矩随着水平简谐荷载幅值H0的增加而增大,随着无量纲频率a0的增大而减小.     

纵向和横向荷载下微倾单桩变形和内力的弹塑性解

为提高工程中桩身侧向变形较大时纵向和横向承载单桩的设计及计算水平,考虑桩身初始微倾斜及土体的弹塑性,采用矩阵计算法得到地基水平抗力系数为常数时桩身侧向变形和内力的解及桩身最大位移、最大弯矩及其所在位置的计算方法。研究结果表明:解的计算值与模型试验值较吻合;当桩顶自由时,桩身最大位移、最大弯矩及土体屈服后桩身最大弯矩距地面的距离均随桩身初始倾角的增大而增大;桩身初始微倾斜对桩身侧向响应的影响随纵向荷载的增大而增大;桩身最大位移、最大弯矩及桩身最大弯矩距地面的距离均随纵向荷载的增大而增大,且其变化速率随纵向荷载和桩身初始倾角的增大而增大,因此,土体的弹塑性、纵向荷载及桩身初始微倾斜等对桩身侧向响应的影响不容忽视。     

不同地面附加荷载作用下桩加支撑基坑支护特性研究

为研究不同地面附加荷载作用下对桩加内支撑基坑支护结构的影响,以南京某工程为例,采用增量法结合弹性地基梁法的计算模型,分析了在各种附加荷载作用情况下,支撑轴力、支护桩位移和地面沉降的变化情况。结果表明：支撑轴力,支护桩最大位移和坑边地面最大沉降均与附加荷载大小呈正相关变化。附加荷载对基坑支护结构的影响存在有效影响点,反之对基坑支护结构不再产生影响。附加荷载的距离和深度对第一道支撑轴力的主要影响在1.0H之内(H-基坑挖深);附加荷载的距离和深度对第二道支撑轴力和桩身最大水平位移的主要影响在1.5H之内;附加荷载作用宽度对支护结构的主要影响在1.0H之内,最大地面沉降的有效影响点随着附加荷载的增大逐渐外移。     

挡墙荷载下刚性桩复合地基承载性状研究

基于实际工程采用FLAC3D软件建立挡土墙下刚性桩复合地基的数值分析模型,分析扶壁式挡土墙的变形规律,研究桩的变形及内力特征.研究表明,各排桩的桩身水平位移与内力变化规律相似,土层参数差异对桩身内力变化具有影响作用.各排桩桩身的最大水平位移较为接近,刚性桩的存在有助于限制回填边坡滑动面的发展,桩身的水平位移增量曲线呈"勺"形;第一排桩桩顶轴力最大,第二和第三排桩的最大轴力比第一排桩的分别小14.07％、51.92％;各桩桩身弯矩曲线整体呈"弓"形,最大弯矩在桩顶附近;各排桩桩身剪力曲线变化规律呈"波浪形",并在土层交界处附近出现"波谷".     

水平受荷倾斜群桩模型试验及受力机理研究

长期受水平荷载的工程涉及到倾斜桩的应用，其水平承载能力和桩周土体行为受到关注．设计了4组不同布桩方式的室内倾斜群桩水平加荷模型试验，针对6桩承台，对比分析了倾斜群桩的桩身位移、桩身内力及桩周土体变形，相较于群直桩，同向10°、对称10°和对称20°的倾斜群桩水平承载力分别提高了13.3%、28.3%和75.0%，桩顶最大水平位移依次减小了21.3%、35.6%和53.9%，倾斜群桩的桩身内力较小，侧摩阻力较大，桩顶土体水平位移最多减少了48.9%，桩底土体竖向位移最多减小了56.4%．建立了承台-倾斜群桩-土体在水平荷载作用下的精细化有限元模型，进一步分析了足尺条件下不同布桩方式倾斜群桩与土体的相互作用．直桩抵抗水平荷载的作用主要由土体沿桩身法向抗力提供，而倾斜群桩在水平荷载下产生较大的侧摩阻力，且斜桩侧摩阻力水平分量在抵抗水平荷载中发挥重要作用，对称20°倾斜群桩中侧摩阻力水平分量占比高达35%，所以其水平荷载能力更强，显著提高结构的抗侧刚度．承台与桩连接方式的改变没有影响其受力模式，刚接时桩顶存在负弯矩，更有利于减小桩身弯矩和桩顶位移．合理布置的倾斜群桩可以在水平荷载下发挥显著作用...     

挡墙荷载下刚性桩复合地基承载性状研究

基于实际工程采用FLAC3D软件建立挡土墙下刚性桩复合地基的数值分析模型,分析扶壁式挡土墙的变形规律,研究桩的变形及内力特征.研究表明,各排桩的桩身水平位移与内力变化规律相似,土层参数差异对桩身内力变化具有影响作用.各排桩桩身的最大水平位移较为接近,刚性桩的存在有助于限制回填边坡滑动面的发展,桩身的水平位移增量曲线呈"勺"形;第一排桩桩顶轴力最大,第二和第三排桩的最大轴力比第一排桩的分别小14.07％、51.92％;各桩桩身弯矩曲线整体呈"弓"形,最大弯矩在桩顶附近;各排桩桩身剪力曲线变化规律呈"波浪形",并在土层交界处附近出现"波谷".     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-