基于协作频谱感知和干扰约束的认知异构网络

针对异构无线网络的空闲信道检测准确率及网络吞吐量的优化问题,提出一种基于协作频谱感知和干扰约束的认知异构网络.首先,所提出的认知异构网络系统模型采用多个中心次用户(Center Secondary Users,CSU)节点协助其他节点进行频谱感知,并引入了能量检测阈值,在提高空闲信道检测准确率的同时节省检测能耗.接着,采用最大化数据速率的联合优化方程,在干扰功率的限制约束下为节点分配最佳的发射功率,降低干扰程度并优化网络吞吐量.实验仿真结果表明,相比较基于集群的协作频谱感知分配策略算法和基于QoS约束的能量感知竞争功率分配算法,该算法的网络吞吐量分别提升了3.4%和1.5%,平均频谱利用率分别提高了9.3%和7.4%.     

认知网中多时隙联合频谱感知和功率分配

为了降低认知无线网中认知用户对主用户的干扰,并为了最大化系统的认知吞吐量,提出了一种多时隙频谱感知和功率分配的联合优化方案。该方案将系统的每个帧分为若干个时隙,每个时隙分别进行频谱感知,通过合并每个时隙的感知结果,有效的提高了系统的检测精度,降低了系统的干扰概率。同时理论分析了感知时间与传输功率分配方案,发现两者都存在最优分配解,在约束认知用户检测概率与传输功率的基础上,将吞吐量描述为关于感知时间与功率的多约束优化问题,通过设计联合迭代算法对认知吞吐量进行了联合优化并获得了最优感知时间与最优传输功率分配。仿真结果表明,所提联合优化方案吞吐量性能最接近理论最优方案,并可通过牺牲部分吞吐量性能降低系统干扰概率,且复杂度较低。     

基于节点-时隙调度的WSN传输性能提升策略

针对无线传感器网络在传输过程中存在的吞吐量不足、时延较大、能耗过高等服务质量(QoS)问题,将动态顶点染色算法进行改进并和差分进化算法结合,提出基于动态节点染色的时隙调度算法.在信息种群的传输过程中,依据节点信息的重要程度为节点划分优先级;通过顶点染色将优先级不同的节点标注,为不同优先级种群预留时隙;通过对节点-时隙的动态调度完成对网络性能的提升和优化.在Matlab平台上进行对比仿真试验,结果表明:和现有的方法相比,此方法能让网络的吞吐量最多提升44.5%,时延最多减少12.5%,能耗最多降低20.8%,有效提升了无线传感网络的传输性能.     

分簇认知网络中能量有效的协作频谱感知算法研究

针对认知网络中用户节点能量受限问题,提出了一种基于分簇网络的能量有效协作频谱感知算法。该频谱感知算法通过对用户节点分簇,缩短感知结果的传输距离。根据对授权用户信号的本地感知和簇内融合的判决结果,设计两次报告审查规则,减少传输感知结果的认知用户数量。以最小化协作频谱感知能耗为目标,建立多变量非线性优化问题模型,并通过逐一变量优化方法求得次优解。仿真结果表明,在保证检测性能的前提下,该算法能明显降低协作频谱感知的能量消耗和传输时延。     

分簇认知网络中能量有效的协作频谱感知算法

针对认知网络中用户节点能量受限问题,提出了一种基于分簇网络的能量有效协作频谱感知算法。该频谱感知算法通过对用户节点分簇,缩短感知结果的传输距离。根据对授权用户信号的本地感知和簇内融合的判决结果,设计两次报告审查规则,减少传输感知结果的认知用户数量。以最小化协作频谱感知能耗为目标,建立多变量非线性优化问题模型,并通过逐一变量优化方法求得次优解。仿真结果表明,在保证检测性能的前提下,该算法能明显降低协作频谱感知的能量消耗和传输时延。     

认知无线电自组织网络带宽动态分配多信道MAC协议

针对目前经典的本地协作多信道MAC协议(LCM-MAC)缺乏频谱感知和带宽动态分配问题,提出一种认知无线电自组织网络(cognitive radio Ad hoc networks,CRAHNs)带宽动态分配多信道MAC(CR-LMAC)协议。通过引入频谱感知机制和新的带宽分配策略模型,改进LCM-MAC协议,使其具备空闲信道感知和动态分配带宽的自适应能力。仿真结果表明,改进后的协议性能优于LCM-MAC,在网络总吞吐量和端到端时延等方面有较大提高和改善。     

基于群集运动智能的SDN业务传输优化技术

针对软件定义网络(software defined network,SDN)负载全局优化问题,受生物界群集运动的启发,以实现当前分布式全网状态感知、全局优化目标、区域自主协同为目标,研究了基于群集运动智能的SDN业务传输优化技术。为满足上层业务对网络传输性能的需求,根据传输时延、网络吞吐量等性能指标,在多目标优化约束条件下,通过业务聚类定义针对各业务的平稳流,并将平稳流内共同协作的节点相结合定义为平稳流协作场。协作场内的节点通过收集网络状态信息并在协作场内共享,实现网络状态的快速感知及决策。协作场之间各个平稳流以不同的带宽、时延等网络传输需求运行,使得平稳流获得了确定的资源抢占成功率,从而以稳定速率传输。针对基于平稳流的业务传输优化技术,给出了基于群集运动协同方式的流量工程处理体系和业务优化方案,并对该体系下群智节点的感知认知、业务聚类分析、平稳流协作场构建、协同智能决策优化方法、优化流程、节点架构等进行分析阐述。     

一种基于地理位置的无线传感器网络服务质量路由算法

基于传感器节点的地理位置信息与网络传输路径的能耗模型分析,提出一种无线传感器网络服务质量(QoS)路由算法.将多跳传输路径中的转发节点序列控制在以源节点与汇聚节点连线的一定区域内,尽量拟合源节点与汇聚节点连线传输,有效控制了传输路径.并对QoS路由算法提出改进,转发节点根据当前实时QoS约束动态地调整传输区域的大小以及优化下一跳选择机制,使传输路径最大程度拟合源节点和汇聚节点之间的连线,达到路径传输能耗最优.仿真实验表明,该QoS路由算法在满足网络QoS约束的同时,节省了网络的能耗,延长了网络生存时间.     

无线Ad-hoc网络中考虑功耗的QoS路由协议

提出了一个有节点功耗限制的QoS(保证传输带宽、传输延迟)路由协议.对网络吞吐量、端到端延迟和丢包率进行了仿真,结果表明提出的方案有较好的性能.     

一种基于业务流带宽约束的前向资源预留策略

在OBS网络中,与传输路径建立时间相比,入口节点处的数据突发处理时间是影响数据突发端到端时延的主要因素。为了减少入口节点处的数据突发时延,提出了一种基于业务流带宽约束的前向资源预留(FRR-BC)策略。该策略使用一种新的基于业务流带宽约束的数据突发长度预测方法,以降低数据突发在入口节点处的处理时间,同时通过业务流的带宽约束来限制数据突发的最大长度,以提高前向资源预留策略的性能。理论分析表明该策略使数据突发时延达到FRR的最小值。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to