嵌段共聚物聚己内酯-聚乙二醇-聚己内酯的合成和表征

以聚乙二醇(PEG)为引发剂在辛酸亚锡催化下引发己酸内酯开环聚合,制备PCL(聚己内酯)-PEG-PCL两亲三嵌段共聚物(PECL).采用红外光谱、体积排阻色谱及核磁共振对该共聚物进行表征,结果表明所合成共聚物具有预期结构.采用差热分析和原子力显微镜研究聚合物的微相分离结构;利用动态光散射测定了共聚物在水中自组装生成的纳米聚集体的粒径.     

温敏型聚对二氧六环酮水凝胶的制备

可生物降解温敏型水凝胶是一类在室温或室温以下为可流动的液体,而在人体温度时(37℃)则转变成凝胶的新型药物控制释放载体材料。采取溶液聚合法,经两步聚合,以聚乙二醇为中间链段,合成了含有对二氧六环酮结构单元的温敏型嵌段共聚物。通过1H-NMR、溶胶-凝胶转变实验手段对共聚物的化学组成和化学微结构、共聚物水溶液的溶胶-凝胶转变性能进行了表征。通过该研究获得了释药周期较小的新型可注射温敏型水凝胶,且该体系在降解过程中释放的酸性物质少,有利于保持药物的生物活性。     

O/O乳化-溶剂挥发法制备mPEG-PCL微球的形成过程及影响因素

采用0/0乳化-溶剂挥发法制备甲氧基聚乙二醇(mPEG)-b-聚己酸内酯(PCL)微球.观察 了共聚物微球的整个形成过程,考察了温度、乳化剂浓度、共聚物浓度和组成、分散相组成以及分散 相/连续相比例等因素对成球的影响,得到制备mPEG-PCL 嵌段共聚物微球的适宜条件.     

基于丙烯酸酯封端PCL-PEG-PCL光聚合水凝胶的合成与表征

以聚乙二醇为中心嵌段,经ε-己内酯开环扩链,进而用丙烯酸酯封端合成了大分子单体.其水溶液在光引发剂存在下,能被UV引发聚合形成水凝胶.通过对水凝胶结构表征和水凝胶质量分数、溶胀比等性能的分析表明:该大分子单体的水溶液在紫外光作用下能迅速聚合形成水凝胶,水凝胶吸水快,溶胀比大;可通过改变大分子中PEG链段的相对分子质量或不同链段相对分子质量的PEG的大分子共混来控制溶胀比. 该水凝胶是一类可作为大分子药物控制释放的可生物降解材料.     

有机氨钙催化合成乙交酯ε-己内酯AB型嵌段共聚物

以有机配体氨钙为催化剂，采用分段加入聚合单体的方法，先合成具有活性的PCL，然后用PCL作为大分子引发剂，引发了乙交酯和ε-己内酯的开环聚合，形成了一系列乙交酯和ε-己内酯的AB型嵌段共聚物．用核磁、GPC、DSC及黏度法对嵌段共聚物进行了表征，确定了嵌段共聚物的结构．研究了嵌段共聚物的热力学性能和结晶性．     

相变调温PET-PEG嵌段共聚物的性能和结构的研究

以酯交换法合成了一系列的PFT-PEG（聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯-聚乙二醇）嵌段共聚物，经DSC测试证明它们具有不同的常温相变温区，且常温相变来自于嵌段共聚物中的PEG链段。用FTIR，^1H—NMR表征了共聚物的结构，结果表明其是以PET硬链段封端的多嵌段共聚物，PEG软链段保有一定长度，PEG软链段含量受所投原料比例影响。通过改变加入的PEG相对分子质量和PEG／DMT投料比可控制PET-PEG嵌段共聚物相转变的热性能。     

聚乙二醇-聚己内酯的合成及其自组装纳米粒子的理化性质

以辛酸亚锡为催化剂,利用聚乙二醇单甲醚(MePEG)末端羟基开环己内酯进行聚合反应,合成了一系列具有不同聚乙二醇(PEG)链段长度和聚己内酯(PCL)链段长度的嵌段聚合物.采用1HNMR,GPC等分析手段表征共聚物的结构.利用透析的方法,两亲性嵌段共聚物PEG-b-PCL在水中自组装形成了聚合物纳米粒子.采用荧光光谱,动态激光光散射、原子力显微镜和Zeta电位仪等手段对聚合物纳米粒子的物理化学性质进行了表征,结果表明聚合物纳米粒子的物理化学性质由嵌段聚合物的组成与结构控制.     

聚酯—聚醚系列嵌段共聚物结晶性能的研究

本文应用X-射线衍射、红外光谱、DSC及光学解偏振等方法对聚酯-聚醚(聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯PET-聚乙二醇PEG)系列嵌段共聚物的结晶性能进行了研究。结果表明,PET-PEG系列嵌段共聚物的结晶性能随PEG的分子量及其在共聚物中的百分含量不同而异。在PEG分子量恒定时,共聚物的结晶度、熔点均随PEG百分含量的增加而减小;在PEG含量不变时,则随PEG分子量的增大而提高。PET-PEG共聚物具有较PET高的结晶速率,软段PEG亦存在结晶,PEG分子量及其百分含量越大,软段PEG的结晶度越高。     

生物可降解PLA-PEG共聚物微球的制备及表征

首先利用开环聚合的方法 ,制备了聚乳酸 -聚乙二醇嵌段共聚物 .然后以此为基材 ,采用乳化溶剂蒸发法 ,制备了聚乳酸 -聚乙二醇嵌段共聚物微球 ,分别研究了聚合温度、聚合时间和聚乙二醇的分子量等对共聚物的特性粘数 [η]的影响以及稳定剂、乳化剂、共聚物 [η]、搅拌速度及油 /水比对共聚物微球的影响 .     

基于纳米纤维素超分子水凝胶的制备及性能表征

采用硝酸铈铵(CAN)为引发剂,在水性溶液中,将聚乙二醇甲基丙烯酸酯(OEGMA_(475),M_w=475)单体接枝到纳米纤维素晶体(Cellulose nanocrystals,CNCs)表面,制备得到纳米纤维素接枝共聚物CNCs-POEMA.将共聚物和α-环糊精(α-CD)按照一定的质量配比在水溶液中制备得到一系列超分子水凝胶,该水凝胶具有温度敏感特性,可在一定的温度下实现凝胶-溶胶的可逆转化.对于两种组分的浓度与凝胶的形成条件、溶胶-凝胶转变温度(T_(trans))以及流变性能进行了初步的研究,该凝胶具有良好的生物相容性,在生物医用材料方面有潜在应用前景.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.