油田污水处理现状及发展趋势分析

本文对油田采出水的性质分析、油田污水处理方法简介以及油田污水处理技术的发展趋势三个方面的内容进行了详细的分析和探析，从而详细的分析了我国油田污水的处理现状及发展趋势。     

人工湿地在重庆高寒地区集镇生活污水处理厂的应用

采用预处理+人工湿地处理高寒地区污水工艺,可以保证污水处理出水达《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB18918-2002)一级A排放标准,同时运行成本也低,便于污水处理厂的运行管理。     

混凝/氧化结合处理油田污水探索研究

随着油田开发进程的加快,油田废水日益增多,严重地污染了生态环境。本文以大庆某油田作业污水为研究对象,采用混凝/氧化方法降低污水CODcr值。实验选用硫酸铝和聚合氯化铝（PAC）两种混凝剂与H2O2、KMnO4及Fenton试剂（1000mg/L的双氧水和1634mg/L的硫酸亚铁）三种氧化剂进行组合处理水样,找出一种简单易行、成本低廉的处理工艺。实验结果表明,5000mg/L硫酸铝与Fenton试剂结合,可使CODcr值从3788mg/L降到440mg/L,最终出水可达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978—1996)中的三级排放标准。     

A-O法处理海产品加工废水

福建海产品加工排放的生产污水COD:1000～8000mg/L,氨氯:100～500 mg/L,pH:6～9,采用A-O工艺处理后,出水达到污水综合排放标准GB8978-1996中二级排放标准.     

陶瓷膜处理油田采出水初探

油田采出水如直接排放，不仅污染环境，而且会造成大量水资源的浪费，直接回注则会引起一系列问题。陶瓷膜具有耐高温、机械强度高、耐酸碱性、使用寿命长等特点。采用陶瓷膜精细过滤处理油田采出水，可将其完全用于回注。着重讨论几种恢复陶瓷膜通量的方法，将其应用到油田采出水中，取得了较好的效果。     

三次采油污水生化处理研究

实验采用生化法对三次采油污水进行处理。生化处理实验过程中应用了高效降解聚丙烯酰胺菌和烃类氧化菌,有效降低了三次采油污水的聚合物含量、含油量、悬浮物和COD等污染控制指标,处理后的污水达到了油田回注水处理要求和国家污水综合排放标准中的一级排放标准。     

三相催化氧化工艺应用于工业园区污水深度处理

天津市某开发区污水处理厂针对生化二沉池出水COD指标较高难以满足天津市新排放标准的问题,在提标改造工程中采用三相催化氧化工艺作为主体工艺,工程运行效果表明:该工艺处理效果明显,对低浓度难降解COD的去除率达50%以上,出水总磷在0.1 mg/L以下,出水各指标均优于天津市《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》中A标准。     

山西省某医院污水处理工程改造实例

介绍了用接触氧化加二氧化氯消毒法处理医院污水。经过一年多的运行表明出水完全达到DB31／199-1997出水排放标准。     

埋地式悬浮填料SBR法处理小区生活污水

采用埋地式悬浮填料SBR法作为主体工艺处理某小区生活污水。工程实际运行结果表明：该工艺占地省,自动化程度高,运行稳定,抗冲击负荷能力强,出水水质达到《污水综合排放标准》（GB8978-1996）中的一级排放标准。     

钻井岩屑废水处理新技术

石油作为当今世界第一大能源,在人类经济和社会生活的各个方面都发挥着至关重要的作用。以油田钻井废水为研究对象,采用隔油＋破乳＋絮凝沉淀＋生化为主体的工艺对废水进行处理,使得治理后出水满足《天津市污水综合排放标准》（DBl2／356—2008）二级标准。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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