镍基单晶高温合金定向粗化机制有限元分析

采用有限元计算了[001]取向时,镍基单晶合金中γ基体和γ′沉淀相在施加外力前后弹性应变能密度的分布,并依据元素的扩散性质对定向粗化过程做了相应分析.结果表明,外应力改变了基体通道中的应变能密度的分布,γ′沉淀颗粒的定向粗化与基体通道中的应变能密度分布密切相关,其定向粗化在应变能密度高的基体通道扩展,且应变能密度变化越大,元素扩散速率越快,γ′颗粒定向粗化的速率也越快.     

Ti－Code12合金焊后退火对组织性能的影响

研究了Ｔｉ－Ｃｏｄｅ１２合金（Ｔｉ－０．３Ｍｏ－０．８Ｎｉ）焊后退火对组织和性能的影响．结果表明焊后退火将引起残存β相的共析分解，共析分解产物Ｔｉ２Ｎｉ相具有面心立方结构．合金的耐蚀性来源于α基体上Ｔｉ２Ｎｉ相的存在，Ｔｉ２Ｎｉ相既可在晶间沉淀，也能在晶内沉淀．本研究对Ｔｉ－Ｃｏｄｅ１２合金耐蚀性机理提出了直接证据．     

快凝Al－8．5Fe－1．3V－1．7Si合金高温下的相稳定性

采用透射电镜研究了快速凝固Ａｌ－８．５Ｆｅ－１．３Ｖ－１．７Ｓｉ合金在６００℃长时间热暴露后强化相的转化行为．结果发现，高温下稳定性极好的Ａｌ１２（Ｆｅ，Ｖ）３Ｓｉ相在６００℃时粗化速率明显加快．在有些强化相颗粒粗化的同时，伴随部分小尺寸颗粒的溶解．随热暴露时间的延长，强化相体积分数减小，粗化的颗粒外形由球形变为多边形，半共格关系遭到破坏．热暴露２００ｈ后，在基体中有异常粗大的Ａｌ１３（Ｆｅ，Ｖ）形成，该相为底，Ｘ单斜结构，相内为孪晶结构．     

树枝状沉淀相的形貌研究

在铁铝黄铜中,Fe_3Al 沉淀呈立方形、花瓣状和树枝状三种形貌.TEM(透射电镜)观察分析表明,这三种形貌反映了沉淀相在粗化过程中的三个阶段.由于基体β′相和沉淀相的晶体结构十分相似,两者的点阵常数又正好是一倍之差,Fe_3Al 初析出时和基体共格.粗化过程中,沉淀颗粒沿<111>晶向生长,这导致了共格的失配和形貌的转化.     

L12 +D022体系含共格应变的组织演化和粗化行为模拟

利用微观相场方法研究了Ni₇₅Al_xV_25-x合金有序沉淀相含共格应变作用的粗化行为．通过对组织演化图像、结构函数的标度行为及平均半径的分析，得出如下结论：L1₂和D0₂₂相的形状转变以及两相间的空间排列关系是由与组态相关的各向异性弹性应变能引起．两相的最终组织形貌呈长方块状，沉淀颗粒在粗化阶段均达到了动力学标度．由于不同相之间的弹性交互作用，Lifshitz Slyozov Wagner（LSW）理论并不适用于该沉淀体系的粗化行为．中间浓度时，两相的沉淀和粗化过程同时发生；高浓度时，先析出相的长大和粗化分为较明显的两个阶段，而后析出相的长大和粗化仍同时进行．     

L12+D022体系含共格应变的组织演化和粗化行为模拟

利用微观相场方法研究了Ni75AlxV25-x合金有序沉淀相含共格应变作用的粗化行为.通过对组织演化图像、结构函数的标度行为及平均半径的分析,得出如下结论:L12和D022相的形状转变以及两相间的空间排列关系是由与组态相关的各向异性弹性应变能引起.两相的最终组织形貌呈长方块状,沉淀颗粒在粗化阶段均达到了动力学标度.由于不同相之间的弹性交互作用,Lifshitz Slyozov Wagner(LSW)理论并不适用于该沉淀体系的粗化行为.中间浓度时,两相的沉淀和粗化过程同时发生;高浓度时,先析出相的长大和粗化分为较明显的两个阶段,而后析出相的长大和粗化仍同时进行.     

时效强化铝合金的机械性能分析

从基体组织和沉淀相质点等方面分析了时效强化铝合金机械性能的变化规律。时效强化铝合金基体组织的粗细，时效强化沉淀相质点的大小、分布和弥散程度以及杂质中间相质点的存在是影响合金机械性能的主要因素。     

面心立方基体内B2结构沉淀相间的界面结构

从面心立方基体的对称性出发，我们确定了该基体内固态沉淀反应所致Ｂ２结构沉淀相之间的界面取向；基于稳定界面结构应具有最低能量的考虑，提出了几种可能的沉淀相间界面结构模型；实验观察表明，Ｎｉ－Ｂｅ合金中沉淀相间界面取向满足对称性要求，β／β界面结构跟自由β相的＜１１０＞｛１１２｝孪晶界面相同，但界面附近存在应变场。     

1420铝锂合金回归再回火析出δ′相行为

采用小角X射线散射技术研究了回归再回火处理1420铝锂合金δ′相的形成和粗化. 结果表明, 再回火5 h析出的δ′相与基体之间存在过渡区， 该过渡区经再回火48 h处理后消失; 之后δ′相粒子的粗化是通过互相吞并形成的.     

Nd－Fe－B合金的组织与组成对其腐蚀行为的影响

研究了Ｎｄ－Ｆｅ－Ｂ合金的组织与组成对其腐蚀行为的影响。对Ｎｄ－Ｆｅ－Ｂ合金各主要组成相在纯水和ＮａＣｌ溶液中电位进行了测定，结果表明Ｅ（富Ｎｄ相）＜Ｅ（基体相）＜Ｅ（富Ｂ相）。Ｎｄ－Ｆｅ－Ｂ合金的腐蚀特征是晶界处的富钕相优先腐蚀，然后向晶粒内Ｎｄ２Ｆｅ（１４）Ｂ基体相扩展。环境腐蚀试验结果表明，Ｎｄ－Ｆｅ－Ｂ合金中加入Ｄｙ后，耐蚀性提高；加入Ａｌ后，则耐蚀性有所下降。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to