Synthesis and characterization of semiconductor zinc sulfide nanotubes by soft-template method

ZnS nanotubes have been successfully synthe-sized from solutions containing a surfactant, Triton X-100(t-octyl-(OCH2CH2)χOH, χ=9, 10). X-ray diffraction (XRD),transmission electron microscope (TEM) and selected areaelectron diffraction (SAED) are employed to characterize thestructure and morphology of as-synthesized product. XRDand SAED pattern indicate that as-obtained products consist of pure polycrystalline cubic-phase ZnS structures. TEM images reveal that most of the products are tubular struc-tures, with diameters ranging between 37--52 nm andlengths up to 3 μm. The wall thickness of as-obtained ZnSnanotube is around 9 nm. The growth mechanism of ZnSnanotubes has also be proposed.     

二维、三维模型碳纳米管场发射场强计算的比较研究

在计算碳纳米管场发射显示器中电场强度时,为了提高计算效率,许多资料将三维空间的场发射简化为二维模型进行计算,为了比较分析使用二维模型和三维模型计算结果的差异,建立了二维模型单根碳纳米管、三维模型单根碳纳米管和单碳纳米墙3个模型,应用Ansoft Maxwell有限元数值仿真软件进行了仿真,计算结果表明:二维碳纳米管场发射模型的仿真结果代表的三维空间实际情况为碳纳米墙场发射,而不是真正的三维空间碳纳米管场发射。对于单根碳纳米管,用二维模型计算的碳纳米管尖端电场强度仅为三维空间碳纳米管尖端电场强度的1／4。     

新型三维(3,3)碳纳米管聚合体

本文研究了单壁(3,3)碳纳米管束在高压下的结构演变过程。在静水压40 GPa下,(3,3)碳纳米管束会直接聚合形成一种新型六方三维碳纳米管聚合体(命名为六方3D-(3,3)碳)。卸除压力后,它能保持其结构不变,成为一种新型半导体性的超硬碳。该研究为压缩碳纳米管合成新型碳提供了理论依据。     

碳纳米管负载Ni催化剂制备碳纳米管的研究

将硝酸回流预处理过的碳纳米管载体直接浸入镀Ni溶液中,通过化学镀在其表面上沉积出Ni纳米颗粒,并将所制备的Ni/CNTs催化剂用于制备新的高纯度碳纳米管.实验结果表明,碳纳米管载体的酸预处理时间对Ni/CNTs催化剂在碳纳米管制备过程中的催化性能有很大的影响,从而影响所制备的碳纳米管的形态.当碳纳米管载体在稀硝酸中回流预处理0.5 h后,所对应的Ni/CNTs催化剂催化制备的碳纳米管存在严重的缺陷,其主要结构为竹节状和鱼骨型,同时部分碳纳米管在生长过程中分叉,成Y形结构;当碳纳米管载体经稀硝酸回流预处理6 h后,其对应的Ni/CNTs催化剂催化生长的碳纳米管粉体中,碳纳米管的形态均匀,中空,无任何隔膜,因此碳纳米管载体较长时间的酸回流预处理对催化剂的性能有明显的改善.而且相比纯的纳米Ni,Co以及Ni/SiQ2催化剂,Ni/CNTs催化剂在碳纳米管的制备过程中,具有更高的催化活性.     

碳纳米管柔性应变传感器在智能纺织品中的应用

智能纺织品不仅拥有日常穿着的所需功能,而且兼具智能性,柔性纺织材料的选择是当前纺织材料研究的重点。在柔性材料中,碳材料是制备柔性应变传感器的理想材料之一。以碳纳米管为柔性材料制备的柔性应变传感器在智能纺织品中的应用为研究内容,从碳纳米管的结构组成、性质及其应用等方面,介绍碳纳米管柔性应变传感器的研究现状;从材料选择、制备方法、性能测试及应用等方面,阐述以碳纳米管纤维和碳纳米管薄膜为柔性材料制备的柔性应变传感器的特性和功能;从制备难点、生产成本、实际应用效果等方面,对碳纳米管柔性应变传感器的优缺点进行评述。研究认为,在大应变下具有高灵敏度将是今后碳纳米管柔性应变传感器研究的方向。     

电解液栅型碳纳米管场效应晶体管的实验研究

由于碳纳米管具有独特的结构和性能,因而一直受到人们的关注.对于包括碳纳米管场效应管在内的分子元件的研究方面尤其令人注目.笔者研究了具有电解液栅的碳纳米管场效应晶体管,研究中所用的碳纳米管是用热灯丝化学气相沉积法(CVD)合成的.衬底材料是平面玻璃,Fe/Ni混合物用作催化剂.对具有Ag电极的多壁碳纳米管晶体管作了优化设计制造,并利用KCl溶液作为栅极.实验结果表明,电解液栅型碳纳米管晶体管(FET)呈现出良好的电流-电压特性曲线.在栅压2 V时,其跨导约为0.5 mA/V.并对获得的研究结果进行了讨论.     

From Carbon Nanotube Crystals to Carbon Nanotube Flowers

We have investigated the very initial deposition stages of chemical vapor deposition （CVD） with ferrocene （Fe（CsH5）2） and xylene （C8H10） for growing carbon nanotubes, and made clear that the mechanism for the self-organization behaviors of nanotubes at different growth stages by this approach. For instance, the organization of nanotubes into flower-like structures at prolonged deposition is developed from the crystal-like structures formed at early growth stages, both of which are closely related to and determined by the very initial deposition stages of this CVD approach. Based on this approach, ways have been established to build up different architectures of carbon nanotubes, by controlling the initial deposition stages of the CVD process, with which we have realized the selective growth of self-organized carbon nanotube structures. This study provides a new idea for growing carbon nanotube architectures by CVD.     

A review on TiO2 nanotube arrays: Fabrication, properties, and sensing applications

Fabrication, properties, and sensing applications of TiO₂ nanotubes have been reviewed, and the highly ordered TiO₂ nanotube arrays made by anodic oxidation in fluoride-contained electrolytes highlighted. The effect of anodization parameters (electrolyte, pH, and voltage) on the titania nanotube size and shape were discussed. The excellent biocompatibility of TiO₂, the high orientation, the large surface area with tunable pore sizes, as well as the high electron transfer rate along with the nanotubes make TiO₂ nanotube array an ideal substrate for the sensor’s fabrication and application. The sensors based on the TiO₂ nanotube arrays for sensing hydrogen, oxygen, humidity, glucose and hydrogen peroxide all exhibited low detection limit, high stability, very good reproducibility and high sensitivity.     

Dielectrophoretic assembly of carbon nanotubes and stability analysis

Nanoscale dimensions and remarkable properties of carbon nanotubes make them promising building blocks for nanoelectronics.One requirement is the need to manipulate single or multiple carbon nanotubes to bridge electronic conductors.In this paper,multi-walled carbon nanotubes with a variety of sizes are assembled onto electrodes using alternative current electric felds by dielectrophoresis.The effect of the dielectrophoretic parameters and the nanotube size as well as the length uniformity on the assembly is experimentally investigated.Current–voltage characteristics of assembled carbon nanotubes are measured.The experimental results showed that both the dielectrophoretic parameters and length uniformity of carbon nanotubes have an infuence on the stability of assembly results.Choosing uniform carbon nanotubes with an appropriate length and suffcient stiffness,which are more controllable by dielectrophoresis,is necessary for an assembly of a small number of carbon nanotubes.     

Decoration of activated carbon nanotubes by assembling nano-silver

A facile solution processed strategy of synthesizing nano silver assembled on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) at room temperature was put forward. Activated carbon nanotubes were used as precursors for preparing silver-decorated nanotubes. The nature of the decorated nanotubes was studied using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The inert surfaces of carbon nanotubes were activated by introducing catalytic nuclei via an oxidation-sensitization-activation approach. Activated carbon nanotubes catalyzed the metal deposition specifically onto their surfaces upon immersion in electroless plating baths. The method produced nanotubes decorated with silver. The extent of silver decoration was found to be dependent on fabrication conditions. Dense nano silver assembled on nanotube surfaces could be obtained by keeping a low reaction rate in the solution phase. The results here show that this method is an efficient and simple means of achieving carbon nanotubes being assembled by nano metal.     

碳纳米管在不锈钢衬底上生长电化学应用

将不锈钢衬底进行适当的预处理,采用等离子体增强化学气相沉积(PECVD)的方法,在适当的工艺条件下,利用甲烷与氢气的混和气体,在不锈钢衬底上生长出多壁碳纳米管(MWCNT).将生长有碳纳米管(CNT)的不锈钢片作为基体电极,通过共价修饰法,制备出壳聚糖(CS)与碳纳米管复合膜的化学修饰电极,用来检测亚硝酸盐.对NO2-在电极表面的阳极溶出伏安特性进行研究,结果表明:使用CS/CNT修饰电极检测亚硝酸盐,在0.1 mol/L,pH=6.0的KCl底液中,对NO2-具有良好的选择性与吸附性,峰电流与NO2-的浓度在2.0×10-6~1.0×10-3mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,检测限可达3.0×10-7mol/L,具有很好的应用前景.     

基于改性碳纳米材料的SF6放电分解气敏特性研究

为了解决本征碳纳米管在SF₆气体传感检测方面存在局限性的问题,研究了基于空气等离子体改性的本征碳纳米管气体传感器对SF₆分解气体中重要特征组分的气敏特性。利用空气等离子体对本征碳纳米管进行改性,引入空气等离子体预处理碳纳米管表面,研究改性碳纳米管在检测SF₆气体分解组分时的气体传感响应特性。结果表明：与本征碳纳米管相比,经空气等离子体改性的碳纳米管气体传感器对H₂S气体的电阻变化具有较高的灵敏度,响应时间短,并具有良好的重复性和稳定性;经空气等离子体改性的碳纳米管对SO₂气体电阻变化率的敏感性明显降低;不同掺杂比例的碳纳米管气体传感器对SOF₂和SO₂F₂的敏感性不同。因此,基于空气等离子体改性的本征碳纳米管气体传感器能准确反映SF₆气体的放电分解情况,可为准确检测SF₆气体的分解成分提供依据。     

单壁碳纳米管尺寸和手性对α-丙氨酸分子手性转变限域的影响

用量子化学ONIOM(B3LYP/6-31++g*:UFF)方法,考察扶椅型单壁碳纳米管SWCNT(5,5),(6,6),(7,7)、锯齿型SWCNT(9,0),(10,0),(11,0)和螺旋型SWCNT(8,2),(8,3),(8,4),(9,1),(9,2),(9,3)中的α-Ala分子结构和手性转变机制.结果表明:与单体相比,当α-Ala分子限域在直径小的SWCNT中时,其C—C—C键角、C—C—N—C二面角和H—N—H键角增加较大,其他结构参数值略有增减;只存在H先在羧基内转移,手性碳上的H再以羰基11O为桥梁转移的反应通道;当α-Ala分子限域在SWCNT(5,5),(9,0),(8,2),(9,1)中时,羧基内H转移和H从手性碳转移到羰基的能垒较低;α-Ala分子限域在SWCNT中的H转移反应能垒随管径的减小而降低;不同手性的SWCNT对H转移反应能垒影响较小.     

在多孔Al2O3膜板上制备取向碳纳米管

在阳极氧化法制备的多孔Al2O3膜板上用CⅧ技术制备出了大面积且高度取向的碳纳米管及阵列,用透射电镜(TEM)和扫描电镜(SEM)观察了碳纳米管阵列的表面形貌和单根碳纳米管的精细结构．分析了不同沉积条件对碳纳米管及阵列生长特性的影响．结果表明,阳极氧化法制备的Al2O3多孔膜板的高取向性使沉积生长其中的碳纳米管阵列也具有极佳的取向性和可控性．     

多壁碳纳米管压缩与弯曲时屈曲的ANSYS模拟

壳模型是研究碳纳米管力学行为时广泛采用的模型,但模型的等效厚度与碳管的物理厚度差别较大,长期存在争议.特别是当壳模型用于多壁碳纳米管分析时,层间作用需要额外考虑.提出碳纳米管的三明治式连续介质模型,用三层连续介质模拟一层碳管：内层模拟层内σ-键,两外侧层模拟层间范德华作用和π-键.该模型可直接利用有限元方法分析多壁碳纳米管的力学行为,且与已有分子动力学等计算结果比较,表明了该模型的有效性.     

Ge/Si nanowire heterostructures as high-performance field-effect transistors

Semiconducting carbon nanotubes and nanowires are potential alternatives to planar metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) owing, for example, to their unique electronic structure and reduced carrier scattering caused by one-dimensional quantum confinement effects. Studies have demonstrated long carrier mean free paths at room temperature in both carbon nanotubes and Ge/Si core/shell nanowires. In the case of carbon nanotube FETs, devices have been fabricated that work close to the ballistic limit. Applications of high-performance carbon nanotube FETs have been hindered, however, by difficulties in producing uniform semiconducting nanotubes, a factor not limiting nanowires, which have been prepared with reproducible electronic properties in high yield as required for large-scale integrated systems. Yet whether nanowire field-effect transistors (NWFETs) can indeed outperform their planar counterparts is still unclear. Here we report studies on Ge/Si core/shell nanowire heterostructures configured as FETs using high-kappa dielectrics in a top-gate geometry. The clean one-dimensional hole-gas in the Ge/Si nanowire heterostructures and enhanced gate coupling with high-kappa dielectrics give high-performance FETs values of the scaled transconductance (3.3 mS microm(-1)) and on-current (2.1 mA microm(-1)) that are three to four times greater than state-of-the-art MOSFETs and are the highest obtained on NWFETs. Furthermore, comparison of the intrinsic switching delay, tau = CV/I, which represents a key metric for device applications, shows that the performance of Ge/Si NWFETs is comparable to similar length carbon nanotube FETs and substantially exceeds the length-dependent scaling of planar silicon MOSFETs.     

Modification of TiO2 nanotubes arrays by CdS and their photoelectrocatalytic hydrogen generation properties

In order to realize hydrogen generation under visible light, novel CdS/TiO2 nanotubes arrays are developed by electrochemical anodizaUon of Ti in 0.15 mol/L NHTF ＋ 0.08 mol/L H2C2O4 electrolyte. The diameter of the nanotube is 80-100 nm and the length is approximately 550 nm. The CdS nano-particles are deposited on the TiO2 nanotubes arrays by chemical bath deposition （CBD） in the ammonia-thiourea system. A 300 W Xe lamp is used as the light source, CdS/TiO2 nanotube arrays are used as the photoanode with the application of 1.0 V bath voltage, and 0.1 mol/L Na2S ＋ 0.04 mol/L Na2SO3 solution is used as the electrolyte, then the rate of photoelectrocatalytic hydrogen generation is 245.4 μL/（h·cm^2）. This opens new perspectives for photoelectrocatalytic hydrogen generation by using CdS/TiO2 nanotubes arrays.     

六角排列碳纳米管阵列的场增强因子的计算

通过求解Laplace方程得到六角排列的碳纳米管(CNTs)阵列的管尖端电场强度和场增强因子,具体研究CNTs的自身线度、阵列密度及阵列形状对CNTs的场增强因子的影响.研究结果表明,场增强因子随CNTs长径比的增加而增加,对于长径比一定的CNTs阵列,对应着一个最佳阵列密度,如管长为 6 μm、管径分别为5 nm、13 nm、20 nm的CNTs阵列对应的最佳阵列密度为3.05×1011 cm-2、4.83×1010 cm-2、2.12×1010 cm-2.在相同的阵列密度下,六角排列CNTs阵列的场发射性能要优于四方排列的CNTs阵列.计算得到六角排列CNTs阵列上端面的电势分布曲线.     

分子动力学模拟研究纳米孔道中受限水的自扩散

利用分子动力学模拟技术考察受限于3种不同材料的纳米孔道(单壁碳管、硼氮管、铁原子孔道)中水分子的静态结构与扩散动力学,计算孔道中水分子沿轴向的自扩散系数Dz,讨论孔道截面尺寸、形状以及组成材料的变化对水分子扩散动力学的影响.结果表明,水分子的轴向自扩散系数随孔道半径的增大而减小,光滑的孔道壁有利于水分子的运输.在3种孔道限制体中,水分子在单壁碳纳米管内的自扩散系数最大.     

碳纳米管空气阴极的制备及其光电催化性能

采用CVD法制备了碳纳米管（CNTs），并用X-射线衍射、TEM等方法进行表征．进一步得到碳纳米管空气阴极，用于降解活性艳红X-3B、处理农药废水和检测羟自由基的应用研究，并与碳黑空气阴极做了对比试验．结果表明：碳纳米管空气阴极较碳黑空气阴极有更强的光电催化性能，碳纳米管是一种具有很大发展潜力和广阔应用前景的新材料．