响应面法优化狭鳕鱼鱼皮酸溶性胶原蛋白质的提取工艺

【目的】优化狭鳕鱼(Theragra chalcogramma)鱼皮中酸溶性胶原蛋白质的提取工艺,为实际生产提供工艺数据和理论依据。【方法】在乙酸浓度、提取时间和料液比的单因素实验基础上,以酸溶性胶原蛋白质提取率为响应值,采用Box-Behnken设计实验,建立提取率的二次多项式回归模型,考察3个因素对提取率的影响。【结果】对酸溶性胶原蛋白质提取率的影响为料液比提取时间乙酸浓度;交互项中"料液比-提取时间"项对提取率影响极其显著,"料液比-乙酸浓度"项对提取率影响显著,其他交互项对提取率影响不显著;通过实验数据结合回归模型进行数学分析,得到提取狭鳕鱼鱼皮酸溶性胶原蛋白质的最佳工艺参数:乙酸浓度0.5mol/L、提取时间40min、料液比1∶9。在优化参数条件下,酸溶性胶原蛋白质提取率的理论预测值为20.53%,实测值为20.10%;试验提取得到的胶原蛋白电泳图谱较为清晰,无杂条带出现。【结论】该回归模型合理可行,提取的产物基本保持了胶原蛋白质的原有结构。     

猪皮胶原蛋白的提取及其结构表征

采用较简便的酶法从猪皮中提取胶原蛋白,通过SDS-PAGE凝胶电泳、紫外光谱定性分析,证明所提取胶原蛋白为Ⅰ型胶原蛋白,计算得分子量约为320 kD.利用FTTR、DSC进一步测试,实验结果表明胶原蛋白具有完整的三螺旋结构,即具有生物活性.     

高压脉冲电场提取猪皮胶原蛋白

为了研究高压脉冲电场(PEF)对提取猪皮胶原蛋白的影响,在料液比1:10、枯草杆菌中性蛋白酶用量400U/g、酶解温度40℃、pH值6.5的条件下,分别改变电场强度、脉冲频率和酶解时间,用考马斯亮兰法测定胶原蛋白的浓度并计算其溶出率.结果表明,最适电场强度为25kV· cm-1、脉冲频率为40Hz、脉冲时间1s、酶解时...     

明胶的生产技术与开发应用

1明胶的特性明胶是把存在于动物体中的胶原蛋白与水一起加热而得到的水溶性高分子物质。它是分子量为2－45万之间的一种衍生蛋白，是动物皮、骨中最重要的蛋白质组分，如存在于真皮结缔组织胶原纤维中的胶原蛋白，约占真皮于物质的98％。在碎牛皮（或猪皮）中，含有丰富的胶原蛋白（简称胶原）。胶原在常温下，不溶于冷水和稀酸、稀碱溶液。但是，在热水中一定的pH条件下，胶原可发生水解而成为明胶。由于条件不同，胶原水解产生的结果差别很大，一级明胶分子量为45万、二级的27万、三级的15万、四级的9．5万、五级的7万、六级的4万，不分…     

酸法提取斑点叉尾鮰鱼皮胶原工艺的条件优化

采用酸法从人工养殖的鮰鱼皮中提取胶原,并研究了酸的种类、酸的浓度、料液比、提取时间和提取温度对胶原提取率的影响.正交实验研究结果表明,最适提取工艺条件为：乙酸浓度1.0 mol/L,固液比1∶30,提取时间72 h,在5℃下提取得率为33.79%,提取胶原的最大紫外吸收波长为236 nm,和标准品紫外吸收波长基本一致.     

利用碎牛皮生产明胶和洗涤剂雷米邦A

在皮革生产和加工过程中,总有一部分碎牛皮、碎猪皮下脚废料产生,这些碎皮中含有丰富的蛋白质和氨基酸。现介绍一种利用碎牛皮、碎猪皮生产明胶和雷米邦A的方法。一、明胶生产方法在碎牛皮、碎猪皮中,含有丰富的生胶质。生胶质是由多种蛋白质组成的,其中的胶原蛋白是制胶的主要成     

黄柏中总生物碱的提取工艺优化

目的 通过正交法来确定黄柏总生物碱不同溶剂提取的最佳工艺.方法 以黄柏为原料,分别以水、乙醇为提取剂,提取黄柏生物碱.采用单因素试验,按照所给定的条件和生物碱含量测定方法,进行不同的提取时间、提取温度、料液比、乙醇浓度的单因素实验,考察了各因素对生物碱提取率的影响.根据单因素实验得出的显著条件,以盐酸小檗碱含量为考察指标,利用L9(33)正交实验方法优选提取工艺,确定最佳工艺条件.结果 以水为提取剂的最佳工艺条件组合是100 ℃水浴下提取次数为4次,提取时间为2.5 h,料液比1:16.提取的盐酸小檗碱含量是46.55 mg/g.乙醇为提取剂的最佳工艺条件组合是70 ℃水浴下乙醇浓度为70 %,料液比1:12,提取时间为80 min,提取次数为3次.提取的盐酸小檗碱含量是68.49 mg/g.结论 提取工艺设计合理,优选的工艺稳定可行,操作简便,提取剂为乙醇比水的提取时间短,节省能源,总生物碱提取率高32.03%.     

响应面法优化洋金花中东莨菪碱的提取

运用响应面法进行实验设计,对洋金花中东莨菪碱在超声提取过程中的各因素进行考察优化.采用HPLC法测定东莨菪碱的质量浓度,以盐酸浓度、提取时间、液料比为考察因素,东莨菪碱提取率为响应值,用Box-Behnken响应面法设计提取工艺实验,建立预测方程,优化提取工艺.结合实际可操作性,确定最佳提取条件为:盐酸浓度3 mol·L~(-1),提取时间43 min,液料比25 mL·g~(-1).实验结果显示,实际值与预测值的偏差为2.76%,相关性良好,说明对洋金花中东莨菪碱的提取进行响应面法优化合理可行.     

龟皮胶原蛋白的提取及结构表征(Ⅰ)

采用酶法从乌龟皮中提取胶原蛋白,用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)方法检测龟皮胶原蛋白多肽产品分子量的分布,并将龟皮胶原蛋白和Ⅰ型胶原蛋白样品进行液相色谱分析(HPLC),比较其氨基酸成分和含量.SDS-PAGE电泳结果分析表明龟皮胶原为Ⅰ型胶原蛋白,分子量约为288ku.龟皮胶原蛋白中,甘氨酸的含量最高,占总量的24.69%;其次是谷氨酸、精氨酸和丙氨酸,分别为9.95%、8.08%和9.31%;天冬氨酸、赖氨酸、丝氨酸、苏氨酸、亮氨酸、苯丙氨酸、异亮氨酸、缬氨酸、酪氨酸等含量在5.58%～1.28%之间;组氨酸和蛋氨酸的含量最低,仅占0.79%和0.09%.由于龟皮胶原蛋白的含量高于Ⅰ型胶原蛋白,且与Ⅰ型胶原蛋白的氨基酸含量差异显著,因此,龟皮胶原蛋白可以作为一种重要的皮胶原进行开发和利用.     

鹿皮胶原的提取与性质

采用酸法和酶法从东北特产梅花鹿鹿皮中提取胶原蛋白 ,对其中的水分、灰分、氮含量、微量元素及羟脯氨酸含量、分子量、氨基酸及饱湿性和吸水性进行测定 ,并与牛皮和猪皮的胶原进行比较     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.