第13届中国大学生田径锦标赛跳跃项目运动员赛前训练研究

目的:赛前训练的跨度、训练内容的选择、方法手段的运用,以及运动负荷的安排,决定了赛前训练的效果.通过对第13届中国大学生田径锦标赛跳跃项目运动员赛前训练进行调查,研究中国大学生跳跃项目运动员赛前训练的特征与规律,为跳跃项目大学生运动员赛前训练提供参考.方法:采用文献资料、问卷调查、访谈、数理统计、逻辑分析等方法,对第13届中国大学生田径锦标赛跳跃项目运动员赛前训练的时间学特征、负荷特征、训练内容、方法与手段等指标进行研究.结果:1第13届中国大学生田径锦标赛跳跃项目运动员赛前训练时间一般为8~10周,分为动员阶段、加量阶段、强化阶段、赛前诱导四个阶段.2跳跃项目运动员赛前训练的负荷量,周课次安排在4~6次左右,每次课时间安排为90~120min.赛前训练的总负荷量平均安排在5 040min,其中最小值为2 880min,最大值为7 200min,负荷密度控制范围在80%~95%左右.赛前减量训练过程中的专项训练强度安排在85%~95%.赛前减量训练中的专项训练强度是平时训练强度的65%~80%.3跳跃项目运动员赛前训练的基本内容比例安排主要以专项速度和专项技术为主,平均比例为21.95%和23.63%.4跳跃项目运动员的赛前训练的方法以重复训练法和间歇训练法为主,技术训练以完整训练法为主.赛前训练的内容分为力量、速度、耐力、灵敏、柔韧和协调性等六个部分.     

优秀游泳运动员比赛期训练安排初探

高水平游泳运动员竞技保持阶段的比赛期训练具有极强个性特点,针对性强.比赛期各级负荷强度总次数安排低于准备期,临近比赛各级负荷强度次数安排逐渐减少,但极限强度有所提高.进入比赛期逐渐减少负荷量,至比赛前负荷量达到最小.比赛期更加重视训练后的恢复及比赛前竞技状态的形成.     

少年女子短跑选手训练负荷控制效果的研究

少年女子短跑选手身体素质训练不仅要加强运动员各素质的纵向发展水平 ,还应重视素质间按一定的结构和比例协调的发展 .对辽宁省 16所业余田径学校的训练调查后显示 ,不仅在运动负荷安排上 ,相对于“绝对速度”训练 ,“一般耐力”负荷量的安排较少 ,且训练负荷结构、控制手段方面仍亟待改进和提高     

少年女子武术运动员月经周期中的训练安排

本文根据女子月经周期中生理变化特点及其对运动能力的影响,提出了少年女子武术运动员在月经周期各阶段的训练安排和注意事项,以提高运动成绩,并促使少年女子运动员健康发育。     

男大学生中长跑运动员训练过程生理生化指标研究——心率恢复率、血乳酸清除率变化情况

通过实验室研究方法、文献资料法、数理统计法、综合分析法等研究方法对业余男中长跑运动员在不同训练阶段的血乳酸清除率、心率恢复率等指标进行测定,得出了不同训练阶段运动员的运动强度安排、间歇时间安排应不同的结论．运动员在训练初期运动强度要小些,间歇时间为9min左右;训练三个月后训练强度可适当加大,间歇时间调整为8min左右;当系统训练半年后由于运动员的血乳酸清除率和心率恢复率都达到了一个较高的水平,可以采用较大的训练强度,适当地缩短训练时间,将间歇时间调整为7min左右．     

中国赛艇女子轻量级双人双桨队员里约奥运会赛前水上训练内容与负荷特征研究

采用文献资料法、专家访谈法及数理统计法,分析中国赛艇女子轻量级双人双桨队员里约奥运会赛前水上训练内容与负荷特征.研究发现:①中国赛艇女子轻量级双人双桨队员里约奥运赛前训练(9周)分为强化期和适应期,其中强化期为赛前加量阶段,适应期为赛前减量阶段.②强化期与适应期水上训练以乳酸低于4 mmol/L的有氧训练为主,适应期不安排最大速度训练,而增加有氧训练.③强化期与适应期每日训练时间变化服从正太分布,且强化期休息日少,训练密度大,通过每日训练时间的增减变化来消除疲劳,调整状态.④强化期与适应期水上训练以小强度为主,乳酸阈强度为辅;此外,强化期每周水上小强度与乳酸阈强度训练高度相关,呈现一主一辅的交替变化特征,且在强化期开始与结束阶段以及适应期均以小强度为主,乳酸阈强度为辅开展训练.结论:赛前水上训练内容和负荷安排相对合理,运动员能在比赛中较好地发挥自身水平,但仍存在冲刺较晚、桨频慢和速度不足的问题,建议在训练中增加小强度和大强度的水上训练比例,逐渐逼近"两极化模式".     

国家自行车队高原训练强度的监控与研究

本文对部分国家自行车队的运动员分别在平原、２３００米的高原、实验室和公路现场训练的负荷强度进行了研究，发现运动时的最大摄氧量、通气阀功率低氧较常氧下降约２０％，同时还测得高原上的空气阴力减少约２０％，表明：经短期适应的平原运动员在２３００米高原上进行极量亚业极量运动所特殊承受的缺氧负荷强度约为２０％，由此产生的高、平原训练强度换算规律及训练负荷强度安排核式。以期为解决各种缺氧条件下的负荷强度问题提供有关的参考。     

用心率测量监控运动训练强度方法的探讨

本文通过文献资料查阅、逻辑分析、专家访谈等方法,对心率测量方法、心率与训练强度的关系等问题进行了研究.结果表明:依据心率的测量来监控负荷强度的安排,将会使运动训练更加科学化.建议:在运动训练过程中应该运用心率的测量有效的控制负荷强度的安排.     

足球多年训练中竞技能力提高的阶段性

分析足球运动员多年训练竞技能力发展状况,认为运动员按多年训练的特点分为初级训练阶段、技能提高阶段、最佳运动状态阶段和运动状态保持阶段.各阶段呈现出不同的规律,据此安排运动员的训练,对探索训练方法、提高运动员成绩,有重要的意义.     

创新理念下运动训练负荷的潜能开发

本文通过对创新理念内涵的深入理解,拓展对运动训练负荷潜能的开发认识,在运动训练中对运动训练负荷的开发做出更好的判断。创新理念下运动训练负荷的潜能开发,要从竞技比赛的需要出发,认清项目的本质特征和制胜规律,突出专项训练与比赛的一致性;优化调整负荷结构,统筹处理训练环节,结合实战需要,根据运动项目的规律、运动员的个人特点、运动训练的阶段,科学合理地安排运动负荷,使运动员的机体受到刺激,促使运动员获得最大范围内竞技水平的提高。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-