基于Matlab的空气弹簧悬架的鲁棒控制仿真

建立了空气弹簧悬架系统的二自由度动力学模型,用Matlab/Simulink计算出车身垂直振动加速度均方根值,构建了以加速度均方根值为目标函数的优化设计模型,对空气弹簧参数进行了动力学优化。仿真结果表明,车辆的行驶平顺性可明显改善。     

基于人车耦合动力学模型的重型卡车平顺性仿真与优化

以某三轴重型卡车为研究对象,建立了考虑人车耦合作用的23自由度动力学模型,应用谐波叠加法建立了路面激励模型作为振动系统的输入,根据拉格朗日方程推导了人车耦合模型的动力学方程并通过Newmark算法实现动力学方程的求解,研究了人车耦合作用对车辆和人体振动响应的影响;根据ISO2631-1:1997(E)中的车辆平顺性评价方法,考虑人体大腿的垂向振动和背部的垂向振动、前后振动,以人体综合振动加权加速度均方根值为指标对重型卡车的平顺性进行评价,探究了车辆悬架、驾驶室悬置和座椅悬架的刚度阻尼参数对重型卡车平顺性的影响,并采用带有收缩因子的粒子群算法对车辆的平顺性进行了优化.研究结果表明:考虑人车耦合作用会改变车辆座椅、人体大腿和背部等部位的振动响应,车速较低时人车耦合作用对平顺性仿真结果的影响较大,在进行车辆平顺性仿真研究时需要考虑人车耦合的作用;在人车耦合条件下,车辆悬架、驾驶室悬置以及座椅悬架的刚度阻尼参数均对车辆平顺性产生影响,且在不同参数区间范围内影响程度有所不同;综合考虑车辆悬架、驾驶室悬置以及座椅悬架的刚度阻尼参数的匹配,实现了整车平顺性优化,在不同车速下人体综合振动加权加速度均方根值与优化前相比降幅均超过38%,考虑多参数匹配的平顺性优化效果显著.     

道路试验条件下商用车驾驶室振动舒适性优化

以道路试验数据为激励和验证信号,从2个方面提高驾驶室的振动舒适性:驾驶室结构方面,在HYPERMESH中对其进行了结构优化,在ADAMS中对结构优化前后的驾驶室振动舒适性进行了量化对比,结构优化后,不同车速下,驾驶员座椅处加权加速度均方根值平均降低6%;驾驶室悬置方面,利用柔性化的驾驶室建立其悬置系统的多体动力学模型,以加权加速度均方根值为优化目标,在频域内对悬置的刚度和阻尼进行了正交试验优化,在时域内对优化前后悬置的动挠度进行了对比,悬置优化后,不同车速下,驾驶室员座椅处加权加速度均方根值平均降低10%,悬置动挠度平均降低21%。     

横向互联空气悬架客车的平顺性和操稳性研究

为研究横向互联空气悬架对车辆行驶平顺性和操纵稳定性的影响,建立横向互联空气弹簧的Simulink仿真模型,将弹簧力引入到使用ADAMS软件建立的某型客车的多体动力学模型,将两者整合为横向互联空气悬架客车的联合仿真模型,并通过实车试验验证了仿真模型的准确性。利用仿真模型,分别对横向互联空气悬架客车和非互联空气悬架客车进行平顺性和操纵稳定性研究。研究结果显示,在随机路面输入仿真工况下,与非互联空气悬架客车相比,横向互联空气悬架客车的车身质心处加权加速度均方根值改善约37.36%,表明横向互联空气悬架可有效地缓和路面激励造成的车辆振动,改善车辆的行驶平顺性;在稳态回转仿真工况下,相对于非互联空气悬架车辆,横向互联空气悬架客车的车身侧倾角增加约6.80%,车身侧倾度的评价计分结果也低于非互联空气悬架客车,表明横向互联空气悬架导致车辆在转弯过程中的侧倾稳定性较差,车辆的操纵稳定性受到不良影响;由横向互联空气悬架客车的操纵稳定性与行驶平顺性研究结果发现,横向互联空气悬架车辆的操纵稳定性与行驶平顺性存在矛盾,因此需要制定合理的控制策略,根据行驶工况实时对互联状态做出调整,以期在保障车辆操纵稳定性的同时,提升车辆的行驶平顺性。     

基于三维动力学模型的重型卡车动态参数对平顺性的影响

为了研究重型卡车动态参数对驾驶员舒适性的影响,以路面随机不平度为激扰,以驾驶室座椅垂向、驾驶室的俯仰角和侧倾角的加权加速度均方根值为目标函数,建立了13自由度的三维动力学模型.采用Matlab/Simulink软件对整车模型进行仿真计算,分析了不同系统参数,如悬架、轮胎、驾驶室悬架和驾驶员座椅悬架的参数对驾驶员座椅垂向振动、驾驶室前后和左右晃动的影响.研究结果表明:悬架系统中刚度和阻尼参数的最佳匹配对车辆平顺性的影响非常明显;随着悬架系统和轮胎刚度的增加,车辆平顺性从优向劣转变,而随着悬架系统阻尼的增加,车辆平顺性呈现从劣转优现象.该研究为重型卡车悬架系统设计提供相应的理论依据.     

新型工程机械驾驶室悬置系统建模与参数优化

为进一步提高工程机械驾驶室悬置系统的隔振性能,改善工程机械的乘坐舒适性,提出一种包含惯容器的新型工程机械驾驶室悬置系统,该系统由主弹簧、副弹簧、减振器以及新型隔振元件——惯容器等四个基本元件构成。为确定该新型悬置的最优结构参数,基于牛顿运动定律建立了工程机械全浮式驾驶室悬置三自由度动力学数学模型,确定了驾驶室悬置参数的优化目标及约束条件,并采用粒子群优化算法对工程机械驾驶室悬置参数进行了优化。仿真对比结果表明,基于最优参数的新型悬置系统可使驾驶室地板垂向振动加权加速度均方根值由0.42降低到0.33,降幅达21%,工程机械的乘坐舒适性得到了明显提高,研究将为基于惯容器的新型工程机械驾驶室悬置系统分析和改进提供理论基础和技术支持。     

考虑车架柔性的6×4商用车平顺性仿真

为了在初始设计阶段预测车辆平顺性、优化设计方案,建立考虑车架柔性的6×4商用车半车振动模型,进行随机输入行驶模拟试验,分析了车架弯曲、驾驶室悬置、发动机悬置及座椅悬置对整车平顺性的影响.利用假设模态方法建立车架弯曲模型,分析了车架柔性对整车平顺性的影响.通过灵敏度分析评价车辆主要参数对平顺性的影响,最后用模拟退火粒子群优化算法进行悬架和驾驶室悬置参数的优化匹配.仿真结果表明,前轴的悬架刚度和车架的第一阶弯曲振动对整车平顺性的影响很大,驾驶室悬置和座椅悬置对平顺性的贡献量最大.     

整车刚柔耦合动力学模型及平顺性优化

为了研究车身的弹性变形对整车行驶平顺性的影响,在ADAMS/Car模块中建立整车刚柔耦合模型,依据相关试验法规,进行了随机路面输入下的平顺性仿真试验,并通过实车道路试验对比验证模型的正确性和合理性.利用验证后的整车刚柔耦合模型和试验设计技术,对悬架的弹簧刚度系数、减震器阻尼系数进行优化.优化后车身质心处垂向振动加权加速度均方根值降低了12.6％,表明悬架系统参数的合理匹配可以明显改善车辆的行驶平顺性.     

基于新欧洲行驶循环的轮边驱动电动汽车平顺性仿真及优化

针对某型轮边驱动电动汽车,为提高车辆平顺性能,推导其动力学微分方程,在MATLAB/Simulink中建立1/4车辆平顺性仿真模型,在新欧洲行驶循环(new european driving cycle,NEDC)工况下,以车身加速度和车轮动载荷为指标,与吸振式轮边驱动电动汽车对比其平顺性能。针对吸振式轮边驱动电动汽车,以车轮最大振动位移的最小值为目标函数对其悬架与吸振器参数进行优化设计,并进行仿真对比。仿真结果表明,优化后的吸振式轮边驱动电动汽车车身加速度均方根值降低了8. 2%,车轮动载荷均方根值下降了0. 12%,明显改善了车辆平顺性能,对改进轮边驱动电动汽车的行驶平顺性能具有一定的指导意义。     

基于AMESim的新型油气弹簧建模与仿真

针对传统气室外置式油气弹簧存在的结构复杂、空间布置较难等问题,提出了一种新型单气室油气弹簧结构.介绍了该油气弹簧的结构和工作原理,简化得到了其物理模型,并在仿真软件AMESim下搭建了其动力学模型,同时对油气弹簧样件进行了外特性试验,验证了仿真模型的精度.将建立的油气弹簧模型接入1/4车辆模型进行仿真,在不平路面下对是否装有该油气弹簧系统车辆的车身加速度和悬架动行程等指标进行仿真对比,研究了该油气弹簧对车辆平顺性的影响.结果表明:该新型油气弹簧可以显著减小车辆振动,提高车辆的行驶平顺性.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.