基于表面能理论的沥青-集料体系的粘附特性研究

基于表面自由能理论,采用接触角法测定2种沥青与4种集料的表面自由能参数,分别计算出各种沥青-集料体系的粘附功和剥落功,以表征沥青-集料体系的粘附性优劣;并采用冻融劈裂试验进行验证.结果表明:石灰岩集料与SK70改性沥青的粘附功最大,剥落功最小;花岗岩集料与SK基质沥青的粘附功最小,剥落功最大.此外,剥落功表征的沥青-集料体系的粘附性能与冻融劈裂试验表征的粘附性能基本一致;且沥青-集料体系的剥落功更能直观地定量评价沥青-集料体系的粘附性能.     

沥青与矿料附性及提高沥青与矿料粘附性的几种措施

1概述 沥青与集料的粘附性直接影响沥青路面的使用质量和耐久性.沥青以薄膜形式裹覆在干燥的石料表面后,如果遇水,大多数沥青容易被水所剥离.沥青裹覆矿料的抗剥性取决于沥青与集料的粘附性,它不仅与沥青的性质有密切关系,而且与矿料性质有关,沥青与矿料相互作用时,除分子力的作用,即物理吸附外,还有化学的作用,即化学吸附,而且后者可较前者强若干倍.     

材料特性对沥青-集料界面粘附性的影响

为了研究沥青-集料界面的粘附性能,详细分析了几种主要的影响因素,并着重研究了原材料表面能对沥青-集料界面粘附性的影响;借助表面能理论,通过测定沥青与集料的表面能参数,计算得到粘附功与表面能变化,将沥青与集料之间粘聚力的自愈性、抗开裂能力作为评价沥青-集料界面粘附性的指标,分析了无水和有水情况下沥青自身内聚力的变化,以及与沥青-集料系统粘附性的变化。试验结果表明:几种沥青-集料系统中,SBS改性沥青-石灰岩系统的界面粘附性最佳,克拉玛依基质沥青-角闪片麻岩最差;沥青和集料拥有较大的Lewis酸碱性力产生的粘附功和较小的范德华力产生的粘附功,有利于提高沥青-集料界面的粘附性能。     

基于表面自由能理论的温拌再生沥青-集料粘附特性

根据表面能理论,通过表面张力分析仪测试不同掺量新旧沥青和集料的表面自由能参数,分析温拌再生沥青表面自由能的变化规律以及温拌再生沥青-集料粘附特性。研究结果表明:再生沥青的表面自由能随旧沥青掺量增加而增大;温拌剂的添加改变了沥青的极性分量和Lewis酸碱作用力参数,改善了沥青的表面自由能,增强了沥青与石料的粘附能力;结合温拌条件下石灰岩、花岗岩2种石料粘附功之比以及水稳定性能试验结果,说明温拌剂的添加增强了沥青混合料粘附性能,从而改善再生沥青混合料的水稳定性能。     

基于超声波的沥青--集料粘附性试验方法研究

对比试验了现有的沥青-集料粘附性,提出了运用超声波模拟动水压力作用下沥青从集料表面剥落的粘附性测试方法。从试验结果可以看出,这一试验方法可以较好地区分不同集料的粘附性能。集料的粘附性不仅与其岩性有关,还受到表面形态的影响。     

采油中的润湿热、粘附功和吸附焓变

为了深入了解润湿热、粘附功和吸附焓变在采油中的地位、应用和相互关系,从概念、相互关系和测量方法等方面探讨了3个量的意义,分析了它们在采油中的作用和应用。分析表明,粘附与润湿均与吸附有关,二者关系密切,在采油中起着举足轻重的作用。油在岩石表面的粘附功、润湿热越大,越不容易被驱走;驱油剂在岩石表面的润湿热越大,越有利于自发渗吸,提高洗油效率;驱油剂在岩石表面的吸附焓变越大,吸附能力越强,越有利于改变岩石表面的性质。     

二级破碎石料沥青混合料性能的研究

通过沥青与矿料的粘附性、水稳性及混合料结构的分析来研究一级破碎料组成的混合料和二级破碎料组成的混合料的性能对比。     

影响驱油剂洗油效率的参数分析

为了评价驱油剂的洗油效率,给出了粘附功因子、界面张力因子和润湿性因子的定义,通过室内实验测定了几种化学驱油剂的接触角、界面张力和粘附功,进而计算出其3个因子值.分析结果表明驱油剂通过降低界面张力因子和润湿性因子,使粘附功因子大幅度减小;化学剂对润湿性和界面张力的影响不同,可以用界面张力因子和润湿性因子来判断驱油过程中界面张力和润湿性发挥作用的程度,对油湿转向水湿的过程,润湿性因子越小,润湿性改变越大;界面张力因子越小,化学剂对界面张力的影响越大;粘附功决定着驱油剂的洗油效率,粘附功越小,洗油效率越好.     

基于图像处理的沥青表面自由能测试

为了合理地评价沥青粘附性,基于表面物理化学理论,分析了由液固界面接触角确定表面自由能的测试原理,提出了基于数字图像处理的沥青表面自由能测试方法,并确定了图像处理的有效算法.由此提取的液滴边界清晰、定位准确.同时,提出了采用椭圆曲线对液滴边界进行拟合的方法.试验结果表明,椭圆曲线与液滴边界像素点非常吻合,很好地表征了液滴...     

采油中的润湿热、粘附功和吸附焓变

为了深入了解润湿热、粘附功和吸附焓变在；果油中的地位、应用和相互关系，从概念、相互关系和测量方法等方面探讨了3个量的意义，分析了它们在采油中的作用和应用。分析表明，粘附与润湿均与吸附有关，二者关系密切，在采油中起着举足轻重的作用。油在岩石表面的粘附功、润湿热越大，越不容易被驱走；驱油剂在岩石表面的润湿热越大，越有利于自发渗吸，提高洗油效率；驱油剂在岩石表面的吸附焓变越大，吸附能力越强，越有利于改变岩石表面的性质。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-