烧结铁矿中FeO含量对其在富氢高炉中还原行为的影响

Japan started the national project “COURSE 50” for CO₂ reduction in the 2000s. This project aimed to establish novel technologies to reduce CO₂ emissions with partially utilization of hydrogen in blast furnace-based ironmaking by 30% by around 2030 and use it for practical applications by 2050. The idea is that instead of coke, hydrogen is used as the reducing agent, leading to lower fossil fuel consumption in the process. It has been reported that the reduction behavior of hematite, magnetite, calcium ferrite, and slag in the sinter is different, and it is also considerably influenced by the sinter morphology. This study aimed to investigate the reduction behavior of sinters in hydrogen enriched blast furnace with different mineral morphologies in CO–CO₂–H₂ mixed gas. As an experimental sample, two sinter samples with significantly different hematite and magnetite ratios were prepared to compare their reduction behaviors. The reduction of wustite to iron was carried out at 1000, 900, and 800°C in a CO–CO₂–H₂ atmosphere for the mineral morphology-controlled sinter, and the following findings were obtained. The reduction rate of smaller amount of FeO led to faster increase of the reduction rate curve at the initial stage of reduction. Macro-observations of reduced samples showed that the reaction proceeded from the outer periphery of the sample toward the inside, and a reaction interface was observed where reduced iron and wustite coexisted. Micro-observations revealed three layers, namely, wustite single phase in the center zone of the sample, iron single phase in the outer periphery zone of the sample, and iron oxide-derived wustite FeO and iron, or calcium ferrite-derived wustite 'FeO' and iron in the reaction interface zone. A two-interface unreacted core model was successfully applied for the kinetic analysis of the reduction reaction, and obtained temperature dependent expressions of the chemical reaction coefficients from each mineral phases.     

Mg和La对Ca–Ti 处理钢中夹杂物演变和组织的影响

The evolution of inclusions and the formation of acicular ferrite (AF) in Ca–Ti treated steel was systematically investigated after Mg and La addition. The inclusions in the molten steel were Ca–Al–O, Ca–Al–Mg–O, and La–Mg–Ca–Al–O after Ca, Mg, and La addition, respectively. The type of oxide inclusion in the final quenched samples was the same as that in the molten steel. However, unlike those in molten steel, the inclusions were Ca–Al–Ti–O + MnS, Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS, and La–Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS in Mg-free, Mg-containing, and La-containing samples, respectively. The inclusions distributed dispersedly in the La-containing sample. In addition, the average size of the inclusions in the La-containing sample was the smallest, while the number density of inclusions was the highest. The size of effective inclusions (nucleus of AF formation) was mainly in the range of 1–3 μm. In addition, the content of ferrite side plates (FSP) decreased, while the percentage of AF increased by 16.2% due to the increase in the number of effective inclusions in the La-containing sample in this study.     

摩擦焊接碳钢（EN24）和镍基高温合金（IN718）的显微组织和力学性能

Continuous-drive rotary friction welding was performed to join cylindrical specimens of carbon steel (EN24) and nickel-based superalloy (IN718), and the microstructures of three distinct weld zones—the weld interface (WI)/thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ), the heat-affected zone (HAZ), and the base metal—were examined. The joint was observed to be free of defects but featured uneven flash formation. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis showed substantial changes in high-angle grain boundaries, low-angle grain boundaries, and twin boundaries in the TMAZ and HAZ. Moreover, significant refinement in grain size (2–5 μm) was observed at the WI/TMAZ with reference to the base metal. The possible causes of these are discussed. The microhardness profile across the welded joint shows variation in hardness. The changes in hardness are ascribed to grain refinement, phase transformation, and the dissolution of strengthening precipitates. The tensile test results reveal that a joint efficiency of 100% can be achieved using this method.     

采用超声组装与滚压工艺制备铝–碳纳米管复合材料

This study introduced a novel fabrication of aluminum–carbon nanotube (CNT) composites by employing bulk acoustic waves and accumulative roll bonding (ARB). In this method, CNT particles were aligned using ultrasonic standing wave in an aqueous media, and the arrayed particles were precipitated on the aluminum plate substrate. Then, the plates rolled on each other through the ARB process with four passes. Optical and scanning electron micrographs demonstrated the effective aligning of CNTs on the aluminum substrate with a negligible deviation of arrayed CNTs through the ARB process. The X-ray diffraction pattern of the developed composites showed no peaks for carbon and aluminum carbide. In addition, tensile tests showed that the longitudinal strength of the specimens processed with aligned CNTs was significantly greater than that of the specimens with common randomly dispersed particles. The proposed technique is beneficial for the fabrication of Al–CNT composites with directional mechanical strength.     

活化天然矿石选择性还原二氧化碳为无定形碳

Natural magnetite formed by the isomorphism substitutions of transition metals, including Fe, Ti, Co, etc., was activated by mechanical grinding followed by H₂ reduction. The temperature-programmed reduction of hydrogen (H₂-TPR) and temperature-programmed surface reaction of carbon dioxide (CO₂-TPSR) were carried out to investigate the processes of oxygen loss and CO₂ reduction. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The results showed that the stability of spinel phases and oxygen-deficient degree significantly increased after natural magnetite was mechanically milled and reduced in H₂ atmosphere. Meanwhile, the activity and selectivity of CO₂ reduction into carbon were enhanced. The deposited carbon on the activated natural magnetite was confirmed as amorphous. The amount of carbon after CO₂ reduction at 300°C for 90 min over the activated natural magnetite was 2.87wt% higher than that over the natural magnetite.     

含钛高炉炉渣微波合成碳化钛及其介电性能测定

The preparation of functional material titanium carbide by the carbothermal reduction of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag with microwave heating is an effective method for valuable metals recovery; it can alleviate the environmental pressure caused by slag stocking. The dynamic dielectric parameters of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag/pulverized coal mixture under high-temperature heating are measured by the cylindrical resonant cavity perturbation method. Combining the transient dipole and large π bond delocalization polarization phenomena, the interaction mechanism of the microwave macroscopic non-thermal effect on the titanium carbide synthesis reaction was revealed. The material thickness range during microwave heating was optimized by the joint analysis of penetration depth and reflection loss, which is of great significance to the design of the microwave reactor for the carbothermal reduction of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag.     

汽车暴露面板带有表面条状缺陷的夹杂物分布特征分析:一种定量电解方法

The specific distribution characteristics of inclusions along with the sliver defect were analyzed in detail to explain the formation mechanism of the sliver defect on the automobile exposed panel surface. A quantitative electrolysis method was used to compare and evaluate the three-dimensional morphology, size, composition, quantity, and distribution of inclusions in the defect and non-defect zone of automobile exposed panel. The Al₂O₃ inclusions were observed to be aggregated or chain-like shape along with the sliver defect of about 3–10 μm. The aggregation sections of the Al₂O₃ inclusions are distributed discretely along the rolling direction, with a spacing of 3–7 mm, a length of 6–7 mm, and a width of about 3 mm. The inclusion area part is 0.04%–0.16% with an average value of 0.08%, the inclusion number density is 40 mm?2 and the inclusion average spacing is 25.13 μm. The inclusion spacing is approximately 40–160 μm, with an average value of 68.76 μm in chain-like inclusion parts. The average area fraction and number density of inclusions in the non-defect region were reduced to about 0.002% and 1–2 mm?2, respectively, with the inclusion spacing of 400 μm and the size of Al₂O₃ being 1–3 μm.     

在酸性溶液中加压氧化三价砷离子和二价铁离子

The co-oxidation of As(III) and Fe(II) in acidic solutions by pressured oxygen was studied under an oxygen pressure between 0.5 and 2.0 MPa at a temperature of 150°C. It was confirmed that without Fe(II) ions, As(III) ions in the solutions are virtually non-oxidizable by pressured oxygen even at a temperature as high as 200°C and an oxygen pressure up to 2.0 MPa. Fe(II) ions in the solutions did have a catalysis effect on the oxidation of As(III), possibly attributable to the production of such strong oxidants as hydroxyl free radicals (OH·) and Fe(IV) in the oxidation process of Fe(II). The effects of such factors as the initial molar ratio of Fe(II)/As(III), initial pH value of the solution, oxygen pressure, and the addition of radical scavengers on the oxidation efficiencies of As(III) and Fe(II) were studied. It was found that the oxidation of As(III) was limited in the co-oxidation process due to the accumulation of the As(III) oxidation product, As(V), in the solutions.     

经济发展·社会发展·人的发展

发展是经济发展、社会发展和人的发展的统一体;就西方的发展理论来看,人们对发展的理解经历了一个从经济视角到社会整体视角再到人的视角的转换过程。经济发展、社会发展和人的发展是构成发展内涵的三个基本方面,它们之间既相互区别又相互联系;要树立和落实科学发展观,就必须正确认识和处理它们之间的辩证关系。     

地方青少年发展基金会发展研究

对地方青少年发展基金会面临的挑战和现状进行分析,认为地方青少年发展基金会是一类较为特殊的基金会群体,社会转型对地方青少年发展基金会来说,挑战大于机遇。提出了具有很强现实针对性和应用性的战略选择和现实路径。     

无铅易切削黄铜的发展现状及发展方向

叙述了国内外无铅易切削黄铜的发展和研究现状,对以其他更环保的元素替代铅的研究进行了讨论,从切削性、力学性能、热锻性和耐腐蚀性能方面总结了新型易切削黄铜的优缺点。对当前已经应用的无铅黄铜,特别是铋黄铜存在的问题进行了总结,提出了铋黄铜改性的研究方法以及发展方向。     

可持续发展与西部大开发

可持续发展强调发展的持续性、公平性、整体性和共同性，是人类发展观的重大变革。西部地区位于我国大江大河上游，是全国重要的生态屏障。但这里水土流失严重、沙漠化迅速扩展、环境污染严重，致使生命环境更加脆弱，形势十分严峻。鉴于此，西部大开发必须走可持续发展的道路；要树立资源和环境有限的思想；因地制宜、因害设防，加快实施山川秀美工程；搞好环境污染治理；加强法制建设，依法保护生态环境；增加投入，合理使用资金，使西部生态环境建设取得良好效果。     

汽车开发中的虚拟产品开发技术

首先论述了虚拟产品开发技术产生的背景、内涵及功能特点 ,其次重点介绍了虚拟产品开发技术在汽车开发中的应用技术及进展 ,包括 :虚拟油泥建模 ,虚拟概念车的总体评价 ,汽车车身室内的虚拟人体工程学设计 ,虚拟风洞技术 ,汽车碰撞的虚拟仿真 ,整车性能的虚拟仿真与评价 ,虚拟装配与干涉评价等     

基于产品开发域的产品开发方法

产品开发既是企业经营管理的核心，也是决定企业兴衰成败的关键，引起了越来越多的企业的重视。同时产品开发是一个集成和交互的过程，作者从产品开发所涉及到的产品、组织和流程的角度出发，指出产品开发中存在三个域，即：产品域、组织域和流程域。并指出产品域是三个域的核心，建立了三个域之间的交互关系。在此基础上，提出了产品域中产品零部件的分类方法，并根据三个域之间的交互关系，建立了相应的组织域和流程域，然后指出了产品域中产品零部件管理的发展方向，还给出了此方法在一家摩托车制造厂的应用实例。     

旅顺国家级经济开发区生态旅游开发研究

系统分析了旅顺开发区的生态旅游资源,包括:山地资源、海滨资源、岛屿资源、温泉资源、气候资源、生物资源等几个方面。同时,通过区位条件、区域交通、客源市场、区域经济、发展机遇等几个方面对旅顺开发区开展生态旅游的可行性进行了探讨。基于国内外的成功经验,结合旅顺开发区的实际情况,对区域开展生态旅游提出了相应对策。     

论环境发展的几个问题

环境发展已成为全球的热门话题，它关系到可持续发展能否实现，正确认识环境发展的重要性和迫切性，能促使我们探寻环境发展的有效途径。本文首先分析了环境发展的重要性，接着析了环境发展的迫切性，最后提出了环境发展的途径。     

人力资源开发与经济可持续发展

人力资源开发是经济可持续发展的前提和基础 ,我国经济要实现可持续发展 ,必须重视人力资源开发。我国人力资源开发的措施 :一是加大对人力资本投资 ,提高人口的整体素质 ;二是提高人力资本的使用效率 ;三是优化人力资源的配置结构 ,促进产业结构的调整     

埋入式进气道的技术现状

介绍了埋入式进气道的设计方法、气动性能及流场控制等的研究现状 ,对该领域存在的问题进行了分析并探讨了埋入式进气道的研究方向和研究方法