形变热处理

一、什么叫形变热处理我们知道通常淬火就是将钢材加热到淬火温度(即奥氏体形成温度),保温适当时间,淬入冷却介质中,等过冷奥氏体转变成马氏体后,就完成了淬火过程。而形变热处理则是将加热到淬火温度的钢比较迅速地过冷到 Ar_1以下(一般450～550℃),利用过冷奥氏体仍具有一定塑性的特点,将其进行锻打,使钢变形。但锻打时间不能太长,否则温度过低,钢材会锻裂。锻打后(此时温度约为350℃)再将其淬入冷却介质中,然后再回火,这便是形变热     

轧制冷却工艺对低合金调质钢力学性能的影响

通过采用不同的轧制和冷却工艺并进行再加热淬火和回火处理，分析各状态下的组织和力学性能以及不同轧态组织的再加热奥氏体化进程，研究了轧制冷却工艺对低合金调质高强钢力学性能的影响规律.结果表明，控制轧制能够增加轧态组织的原奥氏体晶界面积，提高再加热奥氏体形核率，得到较细化的再加热淬火组织，并且能够提高回火后的强韧性能.实验钢轧后连续水冷条件下得到马氏体组织，而空冷条件下得到的粒状贝氏体组织内碳元素分布不均匀，有利于提高再加热淬火回火后的强度.实验钢在控制轧制中断冷却工艺下能获得最佳的调质态力学性能.     

热处理加热炉温度检测控制分析

热处理加热炉主要用于均匀钢材组织并控制其冷却过程,以保证材料有良好的力学性能,为钢材轧制做好生产准备。该文主要介绍用于钢管加热热处理加热炉在实际生产中的应用,通过对加热的热处理加热炉温度检测的检测设备和方法介绍,结合现场生产中加热过程几种问题类型,发现热处理过程中加热炉炉内热电偶检测、炉外红外线温度检测设备测量温度和工艺需要加热温度之间的关系,找出在实际生产过程中的容易产生的误区和提高钢管加热质量的方法。     

热轧工艺对Cu-Cr-Zr合金力学性能和电学性能的影响

应用热轧在线淬火和随后的形变热处理相结合的工艺制备Cu-Cr-Zr合金板材,通过显微硬度、电导率、金相和TEM测试手段分析合金在加工制备过程中性能和组织的变化.研究结果表明:合适的热轧在线淬火工艺只需一次加热便能完成均匀化和快速热轧-淬火处理,达到在线固溶的目的;经热轧在线淬火工艺处理的合金组织细小、均匀,为后续的冷加工和时效处理提供良好的组织准备;于920℃热轧在线淬火能更好地满足实际生产和综合性能的要求.当热轧温度为920℃时,热轧在线淬火后的Cu-Cr-Zr合金,经80％冷轧并在450℃时效30 min后其硬度和电导率分别可达180和80.1％IACS.     

微量Zr添加对Mn-Mo-Nb-Cu-B钢晶粒长大倾向性的影响

设计了一种低碳Mn-Mo-Nb-Cu-Zr-B钢,经热处理工艺,采用中等冷速冷却,可得到以板条贝氏体为主,含粒状贝氏体和针状铁素体的混合组织,轧态屈服强度大于850MPa,达到X120管线钢的强度要求. TEM观察表明,0.015% Zr(质量分数)添加到钢中形成大量含Zr的复杂的碳氮化物,它们的形状不规则,尺寸约为80～200nm;从形态看,它们在高温形成,并且由于其熔点高,再加热到1200℃时,这种析出物中的Ti、Nb会有部分溶解,使其尺寸有所减小,利于控制奥氏体晶粒长大;其他近椭球形的(Ti,Nb)(C,N)则在加热时逐渐溶解直至消失. 由于这种含Zr析出物在钢的基体中均匀分布,加热到高温时,它们会明显阻碍晶界移动,从而使含Zr钢的奥氏体晶粒长大倾向性明显比不含Zr钢小. 可见,添加微量Zr能够起到提高钢材焊接性能的作用.     

电感应再加热对低合金钢热轧组织影响的模拟

利用热模拟试验机Gleeble1500D研究了低合金钢变形后,冷却至一定温度进行电感应再加热后微观组织的变化情况.在不同冷却温度,以及淬火和正火两种热处理方式下,研究了再加热过程对微观组织的影响.结果表明:变形后再加热过程对淬火试样组织影响较大;冷却温度处于两相区时,电感应再加热过程能改善温度分布均匀性,影响铁素体相变过程和碳氮化物的析出行为,促进晶粒长大,能够有效地控制和改善淬火热处理钢材的微观组织和性能.     

热处理对奥氏体不锈钢00Cr18Ni10N组织和性能的影响

通过对新型奥氏体不锈钢00Cr18Ni10N的热处理工艺试验,研究了不同固溶温度、冷却方式和保温时间对其组织性能的影响.结果表明,随着固溶温度的升高,00Cr18Ni10N钢晶粒变大,力学性能降低,塑性提高.随着保温时间的延长,拉伸强度、屈服强度和硬度都有所降低,断后伸长率略有提高,冲击韧性和断面收缩率变化并不显著.虽然冷却方式对其力学性能和晶粒大小的影响并不是很明显,但在1050℃淬火,采用水冷可以到达更好的综合性能.因此,00Cr18Ni10N钢采用1050℃固溶、保温1h后水冷的热处理工艺具有良好的组织和强韧性配合.     

提高Φ139.70系列石油套管用钢成材率的措施

针对生产中φ139.70系列石油套管产品成材率偏低的问题,提出了影响φ139.70系列石油套管产品成材率的主要因素,从优化投坯工艺、改进管坯加热制度、工具调整入手,进行了相应的改进.实际生产表明,工艺改进后,金属消耗明显降低;φ139.70系列石油套管的成材率有了显著提高.     

石油套管表面裂纹分析

分析了衡阳钢管有限公司N80级石油套管表面裂纹产生的原因及形成机理，结果表明，由于坯料中舍有大量的夹杂物，致使穿孔过程中形成表面裂纹。通过改进炼钢工艺、提高连铸坯的质量和合理调整穿孔机工艺参数，能有效的减少裂纹的产生。     

7050铝合金最终形变热处理工艺优化

对电磁连铸7050铝合金进行最终形变热处理（FTMT）,以期使合金获得更高的综合性能.确定的最佳FTMT工艺参数为预时效105℃/8h、冷形变20%以及终时效140℃/14h.最终形变热处理后合金性能因加工硬化和沉淀硬化而得到较大提高,抗拉强度和屈服强度分别达到631.28、611.80MPa,延伸率达到14.68%.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.