城市综合客运枢纽交通方式换乘分担率模型

为确定城市综合客运枢纽各交通方式的分担率,以RP/SP数据为基础,引入随机效用理论,考虑时间、费用、出行目的和收入4种因素对方式选择的影响,构建了综合客运枢纽内多方式两两交叉换乘分担率模型,并应用于深圳福田客运枢纽。应用结果表明:公交与地铁等公共交通方式分担了将近80%的客流,周末出租车分担率显著高出工作日;模型能够更有效地计算枢纽内一种交通方式换乘某一特定交通方式的选择概率,并计算枢纽内各运输方式的换乘分担率,为城市综合客运枢纽的规划提供决策支撑。     

基于网络均衡的城市客运枢纽换乘需求研究

城市客运枢纽作为综合客运交通体系的重要组成部分,其基础内容就是研究枢纽的换乘需求. 将交通网络抽象为分层网络,在随机用户网络均衡理论基础上,分析城市交通网络中出行者的出行方式选择行为,构造出行费用函数,提出了相应的变分不等式模型和枢纽换乘流量的计算方法. 根据城市出发地目的地数据,通过外部变量的变化,得到城市客运枢纽换乘需求的变化,并对这些变化加以分析,以期改善客运枢纽的换乘能力. 最后结合一个算例,研究了外部变量的变化对城市客运枢纽换乘流量需求的关系,验证了方法的可行性. 研究结论为城市客运枢纽换乘需求研究提供有益的参考.      

综合运输客运枢纽换乘系统布局优化模型

从旅客的全出行过程分析了综合运输客运枢纽的旅客换乘流线和换乘特征,提出了基于全出行过程的"路径—方式"分配模型和枢纽车站的换乘量预测方法.从全路网来看,换乘布局影响路网客流分布和枢纽内各车站换乘量,外部路网和枢纽内的相关市政配套设施需依据交通量和换乘量同步变化,据此建立了综合运输客运枢纽换乘系统布局优化模型.最后,通过淄博北综合运输枢纽的实例验证了模型和方法的可行性.     

综合客运枢纽旅客换乘交通方式分担模型

为了解客运换乘枢纽旅客交通方式选择分担率,对换乘枢纽旅客交通方式选择影响因素进行分析,认为交通方式选择是道路交通网络基础特性、公共交通配套设施布局特性等客观因素以及旅客出行特性、旅客偏好等主观因素相互作用直至均衡的过程。依据效用最大化理论,在交通方式选择行为模型的基础上,引入感知和态度2个心理变量,构建了随机效用函数模型,并对模型求解。选取某换乘枢纽站的3种交通方式为调查对象,抽样调查了各交通方式的属性值,量化分析了各因素对交通方式选择作用的大小,对各交通方式的分担率进行了计算。研究结果表明:效用最大化能很好地反映旅客在选择交通方式时的决策过程,从旅客的个体出发,综合考虑旅客个体行为能较为客观地计算出不同交通方式的分担量,模型具有较好的实用性。     

综合客运枢纽布局模式及适用性分析

通过资料收集、现场座谈、实地踏勘等调查方式,对我国目前正在运营的将近20个典型综合客运枢纽的客流进行调研统计,着重分析深圳北站、天津站、北京南站、南京南站的典型布局模式.依据综合客运枢纽内客流的换乘方式,对我国现有的以铁路为主导的衔接布局模式进行分类,对比分析了不同换乘方式之间衔接布局模式的优缺点,并对各种布局模式的适用范围进行了界定.结果表明:我国综合客运枢纽布局模式主要分为平面一体式布局、平面分离式布局、立体式布局以及综合式布局4类;随着城市综合运输服务水平要求和社会公众满意度需求的不断增强,未来发展优势较为明显的是立体式布局模式.     

基于空间关联度的高铁综合客运 枢纽客流参数预测算法

提出了基于空间关联度的高铁客运枢纽客流参数预测算法. 通过对高铁综合客运枢纽瓶颈点及其关联点之间的关联度进行研究,利用瓶颈点和关联点的实时客流参数信息,实现对瓶颈点客流参数信息的短时预测. 实验证明该算法在高铁综合客运枢纽客流安全预警实际应用中,能够快速反映客流扰动,具有较强的抗干扰能力,为高铁综合客运枢纽安全预警提供支持.     

客运专线车站的换乘设计初探

客运专线车站换乘枢纽内各种交通方式的衔接、布局、能力匹配等，直接影响着各种流线的顺畅程度、乘客的换乘效率等，不仅体现了铁路的服务质量和市场竞争力，而且直接影响到铁路旅客的集散能力和效率，以及城市客运交通体系的服务水平等。因此本文对客运换乘枢纽内的换乘设计展开研究。     

基于RBF神经网络的高铁客运枢纽客流参数预测方法

客流参数预测是实现枢纽客流安全状态预警的重要手段,针对枢纽客流参数的预测问题,提出了基于RBF神经网络的高铁客运枢纽客流参数预测方法,通过对高铁综合客运枢纽内瓶颈点的短时客流参数信息进行预测,对客流的拥堵或滞留状态进行及时预警. 实验证明基于RBF神经网络的高铁客运枢纽客流参数预测方法能够对瓶颈点未来短时内的客流参数信息进行较准确地预测,并可较好地反映滞留客流状态.     

小汽车通勤出行者驻车换乘接运方式选择分析

随着城市化发展小汽车拥有量的增加,引起了城市中心区道路交通的严重拥堵,降低了出行效率.为此,北京、上海和广州等大城市通过提高公共交通服务水平,形成地铁、快速公交与较为发达的地面公交相结合的公共交通系统,吸引小汽车通勤出行者选择驻车换乘(Parking and Ride,P+R),进入城市中心区.本文结合北京市轨道交通沿线居民小汽车出行和地铁换乘,形成小汽车与轨道接运的特点,在总结北京城市轨道网特征及规模基础上,通过个体意愿调查统计,构建P+R出行方式选择模型,对地铁5号线终端站天通苑P+R驻车换乘需求进行了预测,为P+R建设和公共交通吸引能力分析提供参考.     

城市客运换乘枢纽设施布局效用分析

利用经济学中效用分析法,通过寻找枢纽内存在换乘的任何2种交通方式之间的关键路径,建立枢纽内设施不同布局方案的效用损失模型,以此评价和优化枢纽内设施布局方案.该效用损失函数充分考虑了居民换乘导致出行时间和费用的增加以及舒适性和方便性的损失.并结合深圳市世界之窗换乘枢纽站设施布局方案,进行了实例分析.结果表明在地铁站厅层设置为地铁接驳的室内公交站点能有效地提高枢纽的换乘效率.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.