大通至长江口整体水动力模型

为更好研究长江大通以下河段的水动力特性,建立了大通至长江口感潮河段的二维水动力数学模型,模拟了径流和潮汐共同作用下的河道水位与流量、河汊分流比及长江口水域的流态.在整体水动力模型的基础上,采用嵌套技术建立了镇扬河段工程区局部数学模型,整体模型为局部模型提供边界条件,局部模型采用精细网格进行工程计算.以高资港区码头工程为例,对工程建设前、后不同水文条件下水位、流场变化进行了数值模拟.计算结果表明,工程建设对河段的水利规划、堤防和行洪安全、河势不会带来明显不利的影响.     

长江浦口段江滩复绿对河道行洪能力的影响

为分析长江浦口段江滩复绿工程对河道行洪的影响,基于MIKE21 FM建立工程区段二维水动力模型,采用Moghadam淹没植被明渠糙率公式模拟植被阻水作用,研究植被对滩面糙率的改变及对行洪阻力的影响。选取水位和流速为观测指标,分析复绿前后滩地、主槽水面线变化和流速分布变化,研究不同流量条件下,植被带对行洪影响能力的影响。结果表明,江滩复绿后,河段上游水位壅高,滩地流速减小,主槽流速增大;滩面淹没水深小于临界水深（1.3m）时,上游壅高随流量增大而增大;滩面淹没水深大于临界水深时,上游壅高随流量增大而减小。     

封冻期冰塞对桥墩壅水的影响

河流中冰塞与桥墩会引起河道局部过流面积的减小,导致上游壅水,在桥墩附近产生较大比降,水位急剧跌落。文章通过数值模拟,研究了不同冰塞厚度与不同进口流速条件下桥墩壅水的变化规律。结果表明:进口流速、冰塞厚度对桥墩壅水的影响都很显著;相同条件下,最大壅水高度随进口流速增加而增大,随冰塞厚度的增加而增大。     

拟建朝阳大桥对赣江河段水流影响分析研究

桥墩会改变桥址河段的流场,产生壅水和涡旋,阻碍河道行洪,所以大型桥梁在建设前必须论证其对河道的影响程度.使用Delft3D建立了赣江河道平面二维非恒定流数学模型,并使用原形观测数据对模型进行了参数率定和验证.开展了拟建朝阳大桥对赣江河道综合影响的研究,对大桥建设前后赣江河段的水位、流速和赣江东西两汊分流比的变化进行了数值模拟分析.计算结果表明:建桥后上游水位最大壅高0.07m,影响范围在桥上游约640m范围内;桥位上游流速略有减小,最大减小值为0.08m/s,桥位下游流速有增有减,变化幅度在±0.06m/s之内,流速影响范围为桥位上游1 000m至桥位下游1 600m;建桥对东西河分流比影响不明显.模型计算与物模试验成果基本吻合,结果表明,大桥的建设对河道水流的影响较小.     

建闸河口整治工程与河床演变特征研究

建闸河口整治工程引起的河床演变调整十分复杂.基于验证好的潮流、泥沙输运及河床演变模型分析了双龙河口整治一期工程和二期工程后水动力和河床演变的响应特征.结果表明,闸下河道水动力变化和河道冲淤分布与局部浚深拓宽及纳潮量增加有密切联系.若仅对河道上段局部河道进行整治,浚深拓宽段的涨落潮不对称现象加剧,局部产生回流区.若以固定坡降对整条河道进行整治,则涨落潮流速显著增加且不对称性减小.纳潮量增加在工程初期会引起口门段冲刷,而局部拓宽段会因流速相对减小而产生淤积,特别是在回流区淤积严重.因此为延长工程寿命,尚需辅以定期开闸放水和局部清淤等措施.     

建闸河口整治工程与河床演变特征

建闸河口整治工程引起的河床演变调整十分复杂.基于验证好的潮流、泥沙输运及河床演变模型分析了双龙河口整治一期工程和二期工程后水动力和河床演变的响应特征.结果表明,闸下河道水动力变化和河道冲淤分布与局部浚深拓宽及纳潮量增加有密切联系.若仅对河道上段局部河道进行整治,浚深拓宽段的涨落潮不对称现象加剧,局部产生回流区.若以固定坡降对整条河道进行整治,则涨落潮流速显著增加且不对称性减小.纳潮量增加在工程初期会引起口门段冲刷,而局部拓宽段会因流速相对减小而产生淤积,特别是在回流区淤积严重.因此为延长工程寿命,尚需辅以定期开闸放水和局部清淤等措施.     

长江渝宜河段深槽分布特征及成因

长江重庆－宜昌河段深槽分布密集、形态各异，既不同于一般河谷的深槽跌水，也有别于平原区河床的边潍、深槽的孪生形成；该段河道远离海洋，不受海平面变动的影响，更不同于下游河段的深槽成因，根据1：12000长江重庆－宜晶段航道图，1：200000三峡库区地质构造图及1：500000库区地形图量算统计、拟合、分析，本段河床深槽相对分布位置基本上可归为6种类型：峡谷段深槽、河宽缩窄段深槽、支流入口处深槽、弯道凹岸深槽、弯道凸岸深槽及串珠状河段原槽潭，其成因是在特定地质构造、岩性组成的背景基础上，主要由水动力波动、束流、环流、泡水作用所致。     

马尾万吨码头港池增深方案及数学模型试验

马尾万吨码头港池淤积的主要原因是马杭水道出流口的不良河势，与闽江上游的来水来沙条件并无直接关系。提出港池增深工程的指导思想，通过局部工程措施，使主流靠近码头前沿，增强码头前沿的水动力，形成有利河势。经二维数学模型优化比选，推荐了实施工程方案。     

正弦派生曲线弯道中水沙运动特性动床试验

为了研究流量和弯曲度对弯道内水流泥沙运动特性的影响,在无黏沙质床面上进行固定边壁动床弯道模型试验,测量不同弯曲度和不同流量组合条件下弯道内的水流运动特性、地形演变和输沙强度.试验表明,水流动力轴线在相邻2个弯顶之间形成过渡段,弯顶下游凸岸一侧存在局部低流速区,该区域最早出现边滩形态;流量与床面形态之间的关系是非线性的,小幅度的流量变化引起较大的床面变化;微弯河道中浅滩、深槽分布规则,当河道弯曲超过一定程度时,显著影响床面的稳定性,床面形态变得复杂;随着弯曲度的增大,河道的输沙能力有减小趋势.     

洪湾渔港工程潮流泥沙的输运特性

洪湾渔港工程地处珠江出海口,由于常年受径流携带的水沙、外海潮汐动力的影响,该位置的水动力条件十分复杂。依据流体动力学理论,以多年的水文地质资料为基础数据,数值模拟了洪湾渔港规划方案实施后河道流场、流速的变化以及泥沙淤积情况,并根据计算结果提出了优化方案。结果表明:工程实施后,河道的流速和流向影响较小,进港支航道的平均回淤强度较大,最大淤积部位在口门附近,厚度为0.92 m,可通过大范围开挖港池出口和砌筑短丁坝来优化方案。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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