制取氮化锰工艺和技术

介绍了利用金属锰粉采用固态氮化法生产氮化锰的原理和工艺。采用正交设计法,在实验室管式炉内、高温条件下利用氨气分解产生的活性氮对锰粉进行氮化获得氮化锰粉,通过一系列实验得出了适宜的技术工艺参数;锰粉粒度、氮化温度和氮化时间。获得了含氮高达6．880％－6．902％的氮化锰产品.     

氮化锰生产及结构分析

介绍了利用金属锰粉采用固态氮化法生产氮化锰合金的原理和工艺,采用正交设计法,在实验室管式炉内、高温条件下利用纯氮(≥99.99%)对金属锰粉进行氮化.通过一系列实验得出了适宜的技术工艺参数,锰粉粒度为0.6 mm,氮化时间为4 h,氮化温度为700 ℃时,获得了含氮高达6.94%的氮化锰合金.通过物相分析和扫描电镜形貌分析,得出含氮高的氮化锰主要成分是Mn3N2,其次是Mn4N;含氮低的氮化锰主要成分是Mn2N,其次是Mn4N.此外还观测了氮化锰合金的形貌.     

硅粉常压直接氮化过程的非催化气固反应模型

以平均粒径2.2μm、纯度99.99%的硅粉为原料,采用纯度99.993%的高纯氮气作为反应气体,在1350和1400℃下进行了氮化时间为10～30 min 的氮化实验,得出了不同温度下硅粉转化率随反应时间的变化关系.将硅氮反应看成非催化气固反应,建立了硅颗粒氮化动力学模型.通过对实验数据的拟合,得出两个模型参数：硅氮反应速率常数和氮气在产物层中的扩散系数.假定反应速率常数和扩散系数均满足阿伦尼乌斯公式,求得化学反应激活能和指前因子分别为2.71×104 J·mol?1和3.07×10?5 m·s?1,扩散激活能和指前因子分别为1.06×105 J·mol?1和1.12×10?9 m2·s?1.利用本文得出的氮化动力学模型对各温度下不同粒径硅粉的转化曲线进行了预测,预测曲线与文献中的实验数据在趋势上吻合较好.     

不锈钢除尘灰冷固结成型影响因素研究

针对不锈铜除尘灰粒度细、亲水性差、难成型的特点,本文采用改性淀粉与钠基膨润土复合黏结剂对不锈钢除尘灰进行了成型试验,利用其TFe高的特点,制备出可供高炉冶炼使用的含铁团块,实现对不锈钢除尘灰的回收利用。研究了复合黏结剂添加量、闷料时间、成型压力以及成型水分等因素对成型的影响,结果表明,适宜的复合黏结剂添加量为7．5％;闷料时间为24h;成型压力为25MPa;水分为18％,制得的团块平均抗压强度达到3．3MPa以上,落下强度达到70％以上,可以满足高炉冶炼再使用。     

悬浮床氮化硅合成热过程的实验研究与数值模拟

针对基于流态化技术利用硅粉直接氮化合成氮化硅粉的新工艺,建立了悬浮床内热过程的二维数学模型,并借助CFD商业软件FLUENT对悬浮床内热过程进行了数值模拟,分析了氮气速度、粉气比和氮化温度等因素对温度场和硅转化率的影响. 结果表明,模拟计算值与实验值误差小于5%,该模型可以用来预测悬浮床内的热过程. 在本文条件下,当以平均粒径2.7μm的硅粉为原料、氮化温度为1380℃、氮化时间为54.5s时,硅的转化率为22.5%. 模型预测表明,如果将氮化温度升至1450℃、氮化时间延长至7.1min,那么硅转化率可达98.6%,氮化硅纯度达98%以上.     

应用超临界CO2萃取当归中挥发油的研究

研究超临界CO2流体萃取当归中的挥发油的工艺.方法:用正交试验等方法,研究药材粒度、萃取温度、萃取压力、萃取时间及解析分离条件对超临界CO2流体萃取挥发油的影响.结果:超临界CO2流体萃取挥发油的最佳工艺条件:原料粒度40目,萃取温度40℃,萃取压力25MPa,萃取时间2h,CO2流量20L/h,分离釜Ⅰ压力8MPa,分离釜Ⅰ温度50℃;分离釜Ⅱ压力6MPa,分离釜Ⅱ温度50℃.结论:优选得到的工艺具有较高的提取率,该工艺合理、可行.     

超临界萃取法提取海带多不饱和脂肪酸的研究

对以海带（Laminaria japonica)为原料,采用超临界CO2萃取技术提取海藻多不饱和脂肪酸的可行性进行了研究,结果表明,当CO2流量2．5－3．5L／h,萃取压力25MPa,萃取温度30℃,萃取时间3h,原料粒度40－60目,分离压力5MPa和分离温度35℃时最利于海带脂质的提取,此萃取条件可使海带总脂肪酸中多不饱和脂肪酸含量达到67．2％。     

GDL-1钢渗碳后液体软氮化工艺的初步探索

应用正交试验法研究了GDL-1钢经渗碳后的液体软氮化复合热处理工艺,分析氮化时间、氮化温度及CNO-浓度对GDL-1钢复合渗层的渗层硬度、渗层深度和白亮层的影响.结果表明:渗层表面硬度主要由盐浴CNO-浓度控制,并随CNO-浓度的升高呈现先升后降的趋势,盐浴CNO-浓度为18%左右时表面硬度达到最大值;渗层深度随氮化温度的升高和时间的延长而增加,但当温度超过560℃、处理时间超过2.5h之后,增加的趋势变缓;当温度超过560℃后,渗层白亮层增厚明显。试验得到最佳软氮化工艺参数:CNO-浓度18%,(560±10)℃×2.5 h.     

基于流态化技术硅粉直接氮化制备氮化硅粉

提出了一种基于流态化技术,利用硅粉直接氮化制备氮化硅粉的新工艺。在常温下,以氮气为载气,将硅粉快速流化并夹带离开供料装置,硅粉和氮气组成的气-固两相流进入到预热器中,预热后的混合物从底部进入到高温悬浮床的高温区,以稀相气力输送的方式连续穿过高温悬浮床,在高温常压下发生燃烧合成反应,最后在出口经冷却装置冷却后,由收集装置收集,得到氮化产物。借助SEM、XRD、元素分析和FTIR等方法分析了氮化产物的形貌、物相组成、化学成分以及价键结构。实验结果表明：对于平均粒径为2.7μm的硅粉,在反应温度为1653K, 反应时间为2.7min时,硅的转化率为53.4%,氮化产物为非晶氮化硅粉。通过理论预测,如果将反应温度升高至1723K,硅粉氮化7.1min后,其转化率可达99%。本文提出的方法可连续制备优质氮化硅粉,而且比现有的其他制备方法具有更高的生产效率。     

轻烧菱镁石对生球爆裂温度的影响

在850℃条件下,对菱镁石进行焙烧、磨细处理后获得轻烧菱镁石粉末.将该粉体作为黏结剂用于球团矿生产,研究考察了轻烧菱镁石对生球爆裂温度的影响.结果表明,随着轻烧菱镁石质量分数的增加,生球爆裂温度逐渐增大,当轻烧菱镁石质量分数由0增至20%时,爆裂温度最大增幅可达200℃.主要原因如下:由于该黏结剂的加入,生球内部水分蒸发速率减小,生球内部产生的蒸汽压相对较小,同时,该黏结剂可使生球在干燥过程强度迅速提升,这使得生球爆裂温度逐渐增大.     

有机结合剂对硬质磁铁矿球团活化及性能的影响

In the ironmaking process, the addition of an organic binder to replace a portion of bentonite has the potential to improve the performance of pellets. The interaction between original bentonite (OB) and organic binder was investigated. Results indicated that the micromorphology of organic composite bentonite (OCB) became porous and the infrared difference spectrum exhibited a curved shape. In addition, the residual burning rates of OB and organic binder were determined to be 82.72% and 2.30%, respectively. Finally, the influence of OCB on the properties of pellets was investigated. The compressive strength of OCB-added green pellets (14.7 N per pellet) was better than that of OB-added pellets (10.3 N per pellet). Moreover, the range of melting temperature of OCB-added green pellets (173°C) was narrower than that of OB-added pellets (198°C). The compressive strength of OCB-added green pellets increased from 2156 to 3156 N per pellet with the increase in roasting temperature from 1200 to 1250°C.     

程潮铁矿球团配加黏结剂试验研究

对程潮铁矿高压辊磨前后的铁精矿分别添加膨润土、有机黏结剂、复合黏结剂进行造球试验。结果表明,单独添加少量的膨润土或有机黏结剂,其生球爆裂温度指标合格,生球强度指标不合格;采用膨润土质量分数为2.0%、有机黏结剂质量分数为0.05%的复合黏结剂,其生球抗压强度为14.5N/个、生球落下强度为(0.5m)12.1次/个、生球爆裂温度为630℃、成品球抗压强度为3 024N/个,球团质量有较大的提高。     

Two-stage reduction for the preparation of ferronickel alloy from nickel laterite ore with low Co and high MgO contents

The preparation of ferronickel alloy from the nickel laterite ore with low Co and high MgO contents was studied by using a pre-reduction-smelting method. The effects of reduction time, calcination temperature, quantity of reductant and calcium oxide (CaO), and pellet diameter on the reduction ratio of Fe and on the pellet strength were investigated. The results show that, for a roasting temperature >800℃, a roasting time >30 min, 1.5wt% added anthracite coal, 5wt% added CaO, and a pellet size of~10 mm, the reduction ratio of Fe exceeds 70% and the compressive strength of the pellets exceeds 10 kg per pellet. Reduction smelting experiments were performed by varying the smelting time, temperature, quantity of reductant and CaO, and reduction ratio of Fe in the pellets. Optimal conditions for the reduction smelting process are as follows:smelting time, 30-45 min; smelting temperature, 1550℃; quantity of reductant, 4wt%-5wt%; and quantity of CaO, 5wt%; leading to an Fe reduction ratio of 75% in the pellets. In addition, the mineral composition of the raw ore and that during the reduction process were investigated by process mineralogy.     

粉末冶金制备的AISI 8620钢渗碳后的磨损和力学性能

The effect of carburization on the tensile strength and wear resistance of AISI 8620 steel produced via powder metallurgy was investigated. Alloys 1 and 2 (with 0.2wt% C and 0.25wt% C, respectively) were first pressed at 700 MPa and then sintered at 1300, 1400, or 1500°C for 1 h. The ideal sintering temperature of 1400°C was determined. Afterward, Alloys 1 and 2 sintered at 1400°C were carburized at 925°C for 4 h. The microstructure characterization of alloys was performed via optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The mechanical and wear behavior of carburized and noncarburized alloys were investigated via hardness, tensile, and wear tests. After carburization, the ultimate tensile strength of Alloys 1 and 2 increased to 134.4% and 138.1%, respectively. However, the elongation rate of Alloys 1 and 2 decreased to 62.6% and 64.7%, respectively. The wear depth values of Alloy 2 under noncarburized and carburized conditions and a load of 30 N were 231.2 and 100.1 μm, respectively. Oxidative wear changed to abrasive wear when the load transitioned from 15 to 30 N.     

高温渗氮工艺对无镍不锈钢模拟体液环境下耐蚀性的影响

文章采用高温渗氮工艺得到高氮无镍不锈钢,以提高医用不锈钢的安全性和耐蚀性。实验结果表明:渗氮层氮质量分数可达1.0%,与原材料相比氮质量分数增加了2倍;在0.9%NaCl生理盐水和模拟血浆溶液中具有优异的耐蚀性,在加热温度1 200℃、氮气压力0.3MPa、保温时间24h条件下得到的高氮奥氏体不锈钢在0.9%NaCl生理盐水中的点蚀电位约1 200mV,大大高于渗氮前(约320mV)的水平。     

玉米粉炭基固体酸催化合成生物柴油动力学研究

以玉米粉炭基固体酸作为催化剂,催化油酸与甲醇进行酯化反应制备生物柴油,在催化剂和甲醇用量一定的条件下,考察了不同反应温度下不同反应时间对油酸转化率的影响;并根据油酸浓度与时间的关系曲线,用微分法建立油酸酯化反应动力学的数学模型,计算相关的动力学参数。实验结果表明：在剂油比9%（催化剂质量占油酸质量的分数）、醇酸物质的量比8∶1、反应温度68 ℃、反应时间10 h时,油酸转化率最高可达到90.09%。该反应的反应级数为1.683,活化能为6.23×10⁴ J/mol,频率因子为2.17×10¹³ mol^-0.683·L^0.683·h^-1。     

脉冲等离子渗氮预处理后对AISI304奥氏体不锈钢疲劳行为的综合分析

This study aims to draw an exact boundary for microstructural and mechanical behaviors in terms of pulsed plasma nitriding conditions. The pulsed plasma nitriding treatment was applied to AISI 304 austenitic stainless steel at different temperatures and durations. Results reveal that nitriding depth increased as process temperature and duration increase. The nitriding depth remarkably increased at 475°C for 8 h and at 550°C for 4 h. An austenite structure was transformed into a metastable nitrogen-oversaturated body-centered tetragonal expanded austenite (S-phase) during low-temperature plasma nitriding. The S-phase was converted to CrN precipitation at 475°C for 8 h and at 550°C for 4 h. Surface hardness and fatigue limit increased through plasma nitriding regardless of process conditions. The best surface hardness and fatigue limit were obtained at 550°C for 4 h because of the occurrence of CrN precipitation.     

高密度氧化铟锡(ITO)靶材的制备研究

 以水热合成的2种不同粒径(70±8)nm和(40±6)nm单分散ITO粉末为原料,对原料粉体粒径分布、冷等静压成型压力、烧结温度和时间等与靶材烧结密度之间的关系进行了研究.当2种粒径原料按7:3质量比混合均匀,成型压力为250MPa,成型坯体经1300℃预烧1.5h和在1400℃烧结1h后可以得到相对密度大于99%的高密度、高纯度ITO靶材.     

溶液雾化氧化法制备四氧化三钴粉末

针对溶液雾化氧化法制备四氧化三钴粉末过程,研究了工程实验条件下反应温度、雾化压力和氯化钴溶液流量等参数对钴氧化率、粉末粒度和粉末松装密度的影响.在反应温度750℃、氯化钴溶液质量浓度120 g.L-1、压缩空气压力0.23 MPa、氯化钴溶液压力0.15 MPa以及氯化钴溶液流量40 L.h-1条件下,制备的氧化钴再经750℃热处理2 h后,钴氧化率达到100%,钴质量分数为73.04%,松装密度为0.48 g.cm-3,平均粒径为7.61μm.工程实验研究结果表明溶液雾化氧化法可以高效快速制备高品质四氧化三钴粉末,过程简单、清洁,具有产业化应用前景.     

粘结剂对球团性能的影响分析

分析了无机、有机及无机／有机复合粘结剂对球团性能的影响,同时讨论了结剂粘度和配量与球团性能指标的关系,并指出了各类粘结剂的优缺点。