复合铸锭包覆铸造的数值模拟

建立了一个用来描述4045/3003复合铸锭包覆铸造过程的数学模型,对包覆铸造过程中的流场和温度场进行了数值计算,重点针对铸造速度对流场、温度场的影响规律,并将计算结果和实验测温结果进行了对比.结果表明,适当提高铸造速度有利于两种合金的复合,但是铸造速度过大时,导致芯材支撑层厚度太薄、温度太高,以致复合界面处发生重熔,复合失败,为保证包覆铸造过程的顺利进行,较为合理的铸造速度应为100mm/min.计算结果和实验测温结果存在良好的对应关系,微观组织表明两种合金的结合是一种冶金结合,模拟结果可有效预测界面复合成功与否,对进一步优化包覆铸造工艺方案提供科学指导.     

表面处理方式对钛/钢复合板界面结合性能的影响

采用真空制坯轧制复合法,在相同的加热温度、轧制道次和压下量等工艺条件下,分别对钢丝刷打磨、酸洗和带水砂带机打磨的表面处理方式,研究了3组钛/钢复合板的界面组织和力学性能.分析了表面处理方式对界面结合性能的影响.结果表明:带水砂带机表面处理方式下的钛/钢复合界面生成连续均匀的TiC层,剪切断口呈韧窝状,界面剪切强度稳定,平均强度达到242.6MPa.其他两种表面处理方式下的钛/钢复合板界面生成断续的TiC层,其剪切强度均未满足国家标准.     

高强铝合金特厚板的真空轧制复合制备技术

为解决高强铝合金特厚板的心部偏析、疏松、气孔等问题，提出了一种高强铝合金特厚板的制备方法，即基于真空搅拌摩擦焊的热轧复合技术.该技术的流程包括:铝合金坯料表面清理、利用自主研发的真空搅拌摩擦焊机进行坯料封装及复合坯料的热轧和热处理.在0.01Pa真空度下对7050高强铝合金进行焊接封装，然后在450℃和75%总压下率下进行轧制复合，最后对复合板进行固溶+时效处理.分析发现，复合界面无任何裂纹、气孔等缺陷，原始界面消失，两侧金属融为一体，界面仅分布少量细小的MgO颗粒.界面剪切强度达266MPa，达到基材的99%，界面实现了优异的冶金结合.     

钎焊-热轧法制备高速公路不锈钢复合护栏

针对当前高速公路热镀锌护栏存在的主要问题,提出采用不锈钢/碳钢复合板作为新型高速公路护栏材料.研究了钎焊-热轧法制备不锈钢复合护栏的工艺,技术路线为通过炉中钎焊实现不锈钢/碳钢的初结合,对钎焊复合板进行热轧进一步提高结合强度.研究结果表明:采用自制的Ag质量分数为15%的钎料可以实现不锈钢/碳钢有效的钎焊结合,钎焊温度720~730℃,钎焊时间3~4 min是较理想的工艺条件.对钎焊复合板热轧可以显著提高不锈钢/钎料界面的结合强度,压下率低于30%时,轧后钎料层未出现断裂、分层.热轧后,不锈钢复合护栏剪切强度可达338.4 MPa.     

冷轧复合对铝合金复合箔组织与性能的影响

研究了在冷轧复合法生产汽车散热器用铝合金复合箔的工艺中,冷轧首道次压下率、包覆层厚度及成品前退火制度对复合箔组织与性能的影响.结果表明:皮材A4045和芯材A3003在30%~50%的首道次压下率下可以实现良好的初结合,冷轧工艺生产的复合箔上、下包覆层的厚度基本一致.最后一道次的精轧压下率在25%~35%之间时,复合箔成品的抗下垂性能最佳.复合箔成品前的退火温度应控制在320~400℃,退火温度为400℃时,退火时间以不超过80 min为宜.     

无镀镍铜铝低温钎焊工艺研究

运用感应加热工艺,开发了低成本且工艺简单的无镀镍铜铝复合材料的低温分层钎焊法。试验了4种铝用钎料及其钎焊工艺代替电镀镍作为铝表面镀层,解决了铜板与铝板之间的焊接问题。观察了焊接区域的界面形貌、断后形貌,测量了焊接件的剪切强度。结果表明,高低温钎料分层钎焊工艺可以实现铜铝板的有效连接,所获得的铜铝焊接件剪切强度最高可达26 MPa,焊接区域无明显的焊接缺陷;刮擦钎焊既可以搭配高温钎料,也可以搭配低温钎料使用,并且焊接件的剪切强度能达到行业要求。     

用铝合金中间层连接Si_3N_4和低碳钢

利用Thermorestor-W焊接热模拟试验机,采用适当的焊接参数和工艺,能够用铝合金中间层固相扩散连接Si_3N_4和低碳钢。在连接温度下,铝合金Si_3N_4进入孔洞中形成机械连接,而铝合金与Si_3N_4连接的主要机理是铝与Si_3N_4发生固相反应生成AlN。当温度大于530℃时,铝合金/Si_3N_4界面Al,Si扩散层厚度基本上不随温度升高而变化。Si_3N_4/铝合金/低碳钢接头的剪切强度取决于铝合金/钢界面强度,且随扩散连接温度上升而增加。     

Effect of continuous induction annealing on the microstructure and mechanical properties of copper-clad aluminum flat bars

Copper-clad aluminum (CCA) flat bars produced by the continuous casting–rolling process were subjected to continuous induction heating annealing (CIHA), and the effects of induction heating temperature and holding time on the microstructure, interface, and mechanical properties of the flat bars were investigated. The results showed that complete recrystallization of the copper sheath occurred under CIHA at 460°C for 5 s, 480°C for 3 s, or 500°C for 1 s and that the average grain size in the copper sheath was approximately 10.0 μm. In the case of specimens subjected to CIHA at 460–500°C for longer than 1 s, complete recrystallization occurred in the aluminum core. In the case of CIHA at 460–500°C for 1–5 s, a continuous interfacial layer with a thickness of 2.5–5.5 μm formed and the thickness mainly increased with increasing annealing temperature. After CIHA, the interfacial layer consisted primarily of a Cu₉Al₄ layer and a CuAl₂ layer; the average interface shear strength of the CCA flat bars treated by CIHA at 460–500°C for 1–5 s was 45–52 MPa. After full softening annealing, the hardness values of the copper sheath and the aluminum core were HV 65 and HV 24, respectively, and the hardness along the cross section of the CCA flat bar was uniform.     

AISI304/低碳钢真空扩散焊接头组织和性能

采用真空扩散焊接方法连接AISI304奥氏体不锈钢和低碳钢异种材料.在焊接温度和焊接压力恒定的条件下,研究焊接时间对ASTM304/低碳钢异种材料扩散焊接头组织和性能的影响.研究结果表明:在焊接温度850℃,焊接压力10 MPa,焊接时间60 min条件下AISI304奥氏体不锈钢/低碳钢异种材料实现了良好的扩散结合,其强度和韧性均超过低碳钢母材水平.接头抗拉强度达到440 MPa,拉伸断裂发生在低碳钢一侧.在扩散焊高温环境下,界面附近有碳化物偏析现象,析出相为脆硬的Cr23C6,脆硬相的出现导致界面韧性下降,延长焊接时间可有效避免有害化合物Cr23C6的析出,冲击韧性达到120.5 J/cm2,冲击断口在低碳钢一侧.     

Interfacial microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti-6Al-4V/Al7050 joints fabricated using the insert molding method

Ti-6Al-4V/Al7050 joints were fabricated by a method of insert molding and corresponding interfacial microstructure and mechanical properties were investigated. The interfacial thickness was sensitive to holding temperature during the first stage, and a good metallurgical bonding interface with a thickness of about 90 μm can be obtained at 750℃. X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and thermodynamic analyses showed that the interface mainly contained intermetallic compound TiAl₃ and Al matrix. The joints featured good mechanical properties, i.e., shear strength of 154 MPa, tensile strength of 215 MPa, and compressive strength of 283 MPa, which are superior to those of joints fabricated by other methods. Coherent boundaries between Al/TiAl₃ and TiAl₃/Ti were confirmed to contribute to outstanding interfacial mechanical properties and also explained constant fracture occurrence in the Al matrix. Follow-up studies should focus on improving mechanical properties of the Al matrix by deformation and heat treatment.     

铝基复合材料的瞬间液相扩散连接试验

分别采用Cu箔和Cu膜作为中间层,在853 K保温情况下进行了S iC颗粒增强铝基复合材料的瞬间液相扩散连接试验.用金相显微镜、扫描电镜、能谱仪、X射线衍射仪和拉伸试验机研究了表面状态、保温时间和压力对接头显微组织和性能的影响.结果表明:合适的压力和中间层厚度能有效改善接头的组织和力学性能,接头剪切强度随保温时间延长而提高.表面状态对接头强度有较大影响.采用Cu膜作中间层由于没有氧化膜的影响,可以获得更好的接头性能,在加2 M Pa压力,853 K保温120 m in连接时接头剪切强度可达169.1 M Pa,约为母材强度的81.7%.     

Ti6Al4V和Al2A12的扩散连接界面组织及力学性能

采用热等静压(HIP)工艺连接Al2A12和Ti6Al4V两种不同的航空航天用材料.利用扫描电镜、能谱仪和X射线衍射仪观察连接过渡区的微观组织和组成的演化,并测试其主要的力学性能.结果表明:采用热等静压制备这两种材料的界面连接好;Ti/Al反应层界面处形成了不同的金属间化合物,例如,Al3Ti、TiAl2和TiAl;连接接头处硬度为163HV,界面连接处剪切强度达到了23MPa,比只添加镀层而无中间层的连接强度提高了约17.9%,但低于带有中间层的连接强度.由于过烧和孔隙的形成使得断裂方式是脆性断裂.由此可知,在热等静压成形过程中异种材料的元素发生了相互扩散,在扩散连接处形成了不同的金属间化合物,这些金属间化合物影响连接处的力学性能.     

工艺参数对楔横轧42CrMo/Q235复合材料层合轴界面剪切强度的影响

对楔横轧42CrMo/Q235层合轴进行轧制实验和界面剪切强度试验,研究成形角α、展宽角β、断面收缩率Ψ、轧制温度T、基材直径d等工艺参数对界面剪切强度的影响规律.结果表明:对楔横轧层合轴界面剪切强度的影响主次为:断面收缩率Ψ、轧制温度T、基材直径d、展宽角β、成形角α.层合轴界面剪切强度随着断面收缩率Ψ、轧制温度T和基材直径d的增大而增大,但过高的轧制温度与过大的基材直径将减小界面剪切强度;随着展宽角β和成形角α的增大而减小.研究结果对楔横轧层合轴模具优化设计和增强界面结合性能提供了依据.      

Effect of superplastic deformation on the bonding property of 00Cr25Ni7Mo3N duplex stainless steel

The superplastic deformation diffusion bonding of 00Cr25Ni7Mo3N duplex stainless steel was performed on a hot simulator. The microstructure of the bonding interface was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). The mechanical properties of the specimen were investigated by a shear strength test. The results indicated that the shear strength was improved with the increase of superplastic deformation reduction. When the deformation reduction was up to 50%, the shear strength of the specimen achieved 417 Mpa, approaching to that of the base metal. In addtion, the superplastic diffusion bonding technique was not very sensitive to surface roughness levels. When the surface roughness of the bonding specimen surpassed 0.416 μm (level G2), the shear strength achieved at least 381 MPa.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of spark plasma sintered Ti-Mo alloys for dental applications

Ti-Mo alloys with various Mo contents from 6wt% to 14wt% were processed by spark plasma sintering based on elemental powders. The influence of sintering temperature and Mo content on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the resulting alloys were investigated. For each Mo concentration, the optimum sintering temperature was determined, resulting in a fully dense and uniform microstructure of the alloy. The optimized sintering temperature gradually increases in the range of 1100–1300℃ with the increase in Mo content. The microstructure of the Ti-(6–12)Mo alloy consists of acicular α phase surrounded by equiaxed grains of β phase, while the Ti-14Mo alloy only contains single β phase. A small amount of fine α lath precipitated from β phase contributes to the improvement in strength and hardness of the alloys. Under the sintering condition at 1250℃, the Ti-12Mo alloy is found to possess superior mechanical properties with the Vickers hardness of Hv 472, the compressive yield strength of 2182 MPa, the compression rate of 32.7%, and the elastic modulus of 72.1 GPa. These results demonstrate that Ti-Mo alloys fabricated via spark plasma sintering are indeed a perspective candidate alloy for dental applications.     

Effects of overaging temperature on the microstructure and properties of 600 MPa cold-rolled dual-phase steel

C–Mn steels prepared by annealing at 800°C for 120 s and overaging at 250–400°C were subjected to pre-straining (2%) and baking treatments (170°C for 20 min) to measure their bake-hardening (BH2) values. The effects of overaging temperature on the microstructure, mechanical properties, and BH2 behavior of 600 MPa cold-rolled dual-phase (DP) steel were investigated by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and tensile tests. The results indicated that the martensite morphology exhibited less variation when the DP steel was overaged at 250–350°C. However, when the DP steel was overaged at 400°C, numerous non-martensite and carbide particles formed and yield-point elongation was observed in the tensile curve. When the overaging temperature was increased from 250 to 400°C, the yield strength increased from 272 to 317 MPa, the tensile strength decreased from 643 to 574 MPa, and the elongation increased from 27.8% to 30.6%. Furthermore, with an increase in overaging temperature from 250 to 400°C, the BH2 value initially increases and then decreases. The maximum BH2 value of 83 MPa was observed for the specimen overaged at 350°C.     

基于正交试验的高强高导AA8000系铝合金的优化设计

采用正交试验进行合金成分优化设计,运用二元搭配表得到最优的合金成分,研究了Fe、Si含量对AA8000系铝合金性能的影响.采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）,X射线衍射仪（XRD）,金相显微镜（OM）和透射电子显微镜（TEM）,研究了Fe、Si及其交互作用对铝合金微观组织的影响.探究了不同的组织相貌对铝合金电学性能及力学性能的影响,并从理论上分析了Fe、Si的交互作用机理.研究结果表明：由正交试验得到最优的合金元素组成,当Fe的质量分数为0.4%,Si的质量分数为0.2%时,合金具有较高的导电率和较高的强度;Fe、Si存在交互作用,Fe与Si可以形成Al₈Fe₂Si三元中间相,减少了Si对铝合金导电性能的不利影响.     

Microstructure and properties of pure iron/copper composite cladding layers on carbon steel

In the present study, pure iron/copper composite metal cladding was deposited onto carbon steel by tungsten inert gas welding. The study focused on interfacial morphological, microstructural, and mechanical analyses of the composite cladding layers. Iron liquid–solid-phase zones were formed at copper/steel and iron interfaces because of the melting of the steel substrate and iron. Iron concentrated in the copper cladding layer was observed to exhibit belt, globule, and dendrite morphologies. The appearance of iron-rich globules indicated the occurrence of liquid phase separation (LPS) prior to solidification, and iron-rich dendrites crystallized without the occurrence of LPS. The maximum microhardness of the iron/steel interface was lower than that of the copper/steel interface because of the diffusion of elemental carbon. All samples fractured in the cladding layers. Because of a relatively lower strength of the copper layer, a short plateau region appeared when shear movement was from copper to iron.     

3003铝合金铸锭均匀化退火工艺及力学性能

为了节能减排,利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、万能力学试验机等手段,研究分析了3003铝合金不同均匀化退火工艺后的组织演变及力学性能变化。结果表明:随均匀化退火温度的升高,对应的最佳工艺时间减少;620℃下退火5 h时的组织与610℃下退火7 h时基本相同,晶界处无偏析第二相粒子且晶内弥散分布第二相粒子;常温及高温瞬时拉伸时,620℃退火5 h的合金拉伸强度、延伸率均高于610℃退火7 h的。该研究通过升高退火温度、减少时间改善了3003合金铸锭均匀化退火工艺,最佳工艺为650℃下保温5 h。     

Influence of diffusion time on property of steel-aluminum solid to liquid bonding

The bonding of solid steel to liquid aluminum was conducted using rapid solidification. The influence of diffusion time on interfacial shear strength was studied. The results show that when the temperature of aluminum liquid is 700℃ and the preheat temperature of steel plate is 250℃, the relationship between diffusion time (t) and interfacial shear strength (σ) is (σ=15.1+8.14t(037t2 +0.005t3, and the maximum interfacial shear strength is 71.1 MPa.