丝状颗粒在滚筒横向截面中的传热传质特性

针对丝状物料在滚筒内干燥不均等问题,从干燥机理出发,建立了一种基于离散单元法的丝状颗粒传热传质数学模型.利用该模型对滚筒横向截面中丝状物料的温度和含水率的变化过程进行了分析计算,并通过实验验证了数学模型的有效性.研究结果表明:筒壁温度的变化对丝状颗粒传热传质特性有着直接且重要的影响;在干燥的初始阶段,颗粒彼此间温度的不均匀性迅速增大,但随着干燥的进行,颗粒之间的温度差别又呈现出逐渐缩小的趋势.颗粒间含水率的不均匀性在干燥的初始阶段同样迅速增大,当满足一定的干燥条件或一定的干燥时间,筒体内部丝状颗粒的干燥程度将会越来越均匀;丝状颗粒在滚筒中所获取的热量主要来自于与高温壁面(特别是与筒体之间)的接触导热;与升举式抄板相比,均布式抄板可使颗粒在滚筒横截面上的分布及颗粒间的温度和含水率更加均匀.     

滚筒内颗粒混合过程的实验研究

通过自行设计搭建的滚筒实验平台,以玻璃珠为颗粒材料,探究了不同尺寸颗粒的混合/分离过程,并测量不同操作参数下的滚筒功率消耗.实验结果表明:高填充比时颗粒分离现象更明显,呈现典型的小颗粒被大颗粒包围的现象.在低填充比时,对于尺寸接近的颗粒不同转速下的颗粒分离现象不明显.颗粒粒径差距越大,颗粒分离现象越明显.随着滚筒转速和填充比的逐渐增大,功率消耗逐渐增大,而相比之下功率消耗对粒径比的敏感性比较低.     

滚筒干燥器中杆状颗粒混合特性的三维数值模拟

为研究杆状颗粒在滚筒干燥器中的混合运动,建立了杆状颗粒运动特性的三维数值实验平台.采用离散元法直接跟踪滚筒中的每一个颗粒,对杆状颗粒在滚筒干燥器中碰撞、摩擦的混合运动过程进行数值模拟,并把杆状颗粒和球形颗粒在滚筒中的混合特性进行对比.结果表明:随着转速的增加,颗粒混合均匀的速度加快;滚筒内杆状颗粒和球形颗粒均在近壁区域混合程度好;杆状颗粒混合达到均匀的速度较球形颗粒快;杆状颗粒整体混合均匀程度优于球形颗粒.模拟结果还表明,杆状颗粒的混合特性与球状颗粒的混合特性存在很大区别,在以往数值模拟中将杆状颗粒假设成球形颗粒存在较大误差,对杆状颗粒所建立的模型能更好地符合杆状颗粒的运动规律.     

滚筒内灰渣停留时间的数值模拟及实验研究

冷渣机是CFB燃煤锅炉的重要辅机。为了进一步分析颗粒物料运动物质平衡和热交换平衡之间的关系,本文研究一种具有六棱柱结构冷渣管滚筒冷渣机中颗粒物料在滚筒内的停留时间及其分布,引入颗粒轨道模型,通过分析单个颗粒的轴向位移来建立物料的平均停留时间（MRT）数学模型,并与实验数据进行对比验证;同时,对实验结果进行分析,得到物料的停留时间分布函数。结果表明,MRT总体上与转速和安装倾角呈反比;降低转速使停留时间概率峰值减小,但会使方差成倍增长并扩大其分布范围,使冷渣机出料更加分散。     

基于EDEM-FLUENT耦合的滚筒冷渣机颗粒轴向扩散运动

基于欧拉-拉格朗日、离散单元法理论,利用EDEM-FLUENT耦合方法,考虑了气相对颗粒的相互作用,以及颗粒与颗粒之间的碰撞,对滚筒冷渣机六棱形冷渣管料床中灰渣颗粒轴向扩散进行了数值模拟分析,得出了灰渣颗粒在填充度25%,颗粒滚落状态下的动态休止角θd=29°,安装倾斜角3°工况下,轴向扩散运动随滚筒转速n(5 r/min ~ 10 r/min)、颗粒粒径d(1.5 mm ~ 3.5 mm)的变化规律。实验结果表明：当粒径一定时,轴向扩散系数随着转速n的增大而增大,相比5 r/min转速,10 r/min转速下颗粒轴向扩散系数增大了23.6%;当滚筒转速一定时,轴向扩散系数随着粒径的增大而增大。粒径d从1.5 mm增加到3 mm及3.5 mm时,轴向扩散系数分别增大了3倍和7.06倍。轴向扩散系数越大,颗粒轴向运动就越剧烈,滚筒出力越强,炉渣处理效率越高。     

转筒干燥器内颗粒物料运动的模拟与实验研究

建立了颗粒物料在转筒干燥器内运动的数学模型,求出了颗粒的运动方程.用VB语言编制了计算程序,可以求出在转筒转速、转筒半径、转筒倾角、风力和颗粒质量变化时,物料在转筒内的滞留时间和颗粒物料在某一时刻所处的空间位置.模拟结果与实际情况相吻合.     

锯齿形拖拽体的沙泳运动离散元模拟研究

为了探索锯齿形拖拽体在颗粒中平动运动时所受阻力和升力的变化规律,利用颗粒离散元数值模拟的方法,对不同的锯齿倾角、侵入深度、运动速度以及边界条件情况下的拖拽体进行了比较全面的分析研究。结果表明,锯齿倾角越大,阻力和升力越大,侵入深度越大和速度越大,阻力越大。最后,建立了拖拽阻力的建议公式,实际归一化结果表明,锯齿倾角一定时,就可以确定相应参数,进而表达不同拖拽速度和不同侵入深度时的拖拽阻力。     

新型旋风分离器内颗粒的运动规律

分离效率是判定旋风分离器性能优劣最直接的一个参数,而分离效率的高低微观上由旋风分离器内颗粒的运动规律决定.采用离散颗粒模型研究了新型旋风分离器内颗粒的运动规律并估算了分离效率,结果发现:颗粒从入口不同区域进入该旋风分离器分离空间时有不同的运动轨迹,入口大致可划分为3个区域;被入口导流板碰撞分离的颗粒在发生二次分离时被再次捕集的可能性很大;分离效率实验值和模拟估算值变化趋势一致,但模拟估算值高于实验值.     

电离作用下黏性细颗粒泥沙絮凝沉降数值模拟

基于分形理论构建泥沙颗粒的絮凝沉降模型,从三维角度动态模拟絮团在布朗运动、颗粒静电力和重力作用下的发育、沉降过程.研究结果表明:絮团形态与泥沙颗粒的表面电荷量有关,电荷量越大,絮团形态越开放;不同带电量泥沙颗粒的絮凝速度与沉降速度具有差异性,表面电荷量越大絮凝沉降速度越缓慢;泥沙颗粒的带电量对絮团平均粒径分布有显著影响,不同带电量下絮团达到最大直径所需时间不同.研究成果进一步揭示了天然河流中黏性细颗粒泥沙絮凝现象的内在机理.     

外热式回转窑横截面内散体物料的传热特性

针对外热式回转窑横截面内散体物料传热问题,建立颗粒-筒壁导热、颗粒-颗粒导热的数学模型,使用离散元软件EDEM及二次开发工具C++对散体物料在滚落模式下的传热过程进行数值模拟,研究单个颗粒温度演化以及不同参数对物料传热特性的影响。研究结果表明:单个颗粒温度在平流层升温-活动层降温的循环中逐步升高,颗粒沿径向的"移位"现象对传热影响较大;加热过程中在散体物料内部存在"冷核"区域;转速不影响物料的平均温度,但影响物料温度分布的均匀性,转速越高,温度均匀性越好;填充率越小,物料平均温度越高,但物料温度的均匀性随着填充率变小呈现先减小后增大的趋势。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to