掺有定形相变胶囊的储能墙体传热性能数值研究

为了充分发挥相变墙体的调温节能效果,以掺有定形相变胶囊的储能墙体及其构成的相变房间为对象,并考虑室内空气的热响应,建立相变墙体及房间的传热理论模型.采用显热容法模拟了在周期性变化的室外边界条件下,相变储能墙体内的传热过程及室内空气的温度变化.计算结果表明:储能墙体中的相变胶囊含量是影响室内空气温度衰减的重要因素之一.相变材料最佳相变中心温度宜尽量接近墙体相变层中心温度,相变温度波动幅度的大小仅影响室内空气温度的波动区间,而对振荡的平衡温度影响较弱.     

夏热冬冷地区相变石膏板相变特性的模拟

基于焓法数值模型,利用Fluent软件模拟定形相变石膏板(PCP)在不同保温位置及不同相变温度时传热的热流密度及内表面温度情况,分析适用于夏热冬冷地区PCP的参数、不同相变温度与放置位置对外墙的隔热性能的影响。结果表明:相变材料最适宜的相变温度为27℃,在此相变温度下,同一时刻的内、外侧位置的内表面最大温差为0.9℃;相变温度为27℃的墙体比普通墙体约节能27.6%,此时相变材料潜热利用率为38.7%。     

相变材料在集装箱建筑夏季隔热中的性能研究

集装箱无蓄能围护结构箱体能耗和室内温度波动都较大,传统的围护结构设计方法无法将室内温度有效维持在舒适的温度区间内.将相变储能技术合理地应用于集装箱围护结构设计中能够大大提升其热工性能并有效地调整室内的温度波动.以微胶囊相变材料为例,通过利用Design Builder软件模拟分析法研究建筑内扰、相变层设计等影响参数对其调温性能的影响规律,分析相变材料在集装箱箱体复合围护结构中的适应性设计方法,可知集中在白天使用的集装箱建筑采用厚30 mm、相变点为29℃的相变复合墙体能够有效提高建筑夏季热舒适度,得出集装箱相变复合围护结构优化设计方法及对室内热舒适的影响规律,为相变材料在集装箱建筑中的设计应用及评价方法提供了理论支持.     

夏热冬冷地区双层相变材料墙体热工性能分析

针对在建筑围护结构中使用单一相变材料(phase change material, PCM)不能满足全年节能和舒适度要求的问题,提出将两种不同相变温度的PCM同时填入到多层平壁墙体中,构成双层PCM墙体.采用显热容法对PCM的传热过程进行分析,对数学模型采用有限差分法离散,利用MATLAB软件编程对多种不同结构的双层PCM墙体在典型夏热冬冷地区气候条件下热工性能进行了计算分析.通过衰减倍数,先探索理论上的PCM最佳相变温区,再从实际建筑围护结构使用的PCM中选取热物性参数与理论上最佳值最接近的PCM,将该PCM墙体热工性能与理想的PCM墙体热工性能相比较,结果相差不大.研究表明:两种PCM层位于墙体中间位置时,衰减倍数最大,建筑围护结构内表面温度最稳定,低相变温度PCM在冬季的利用率和高相变温度PCM在夏季的利用率均为0～100%,能够使墙体保持较高的热工性能.     

混凝土箱体桥梁自控温装置设计与温度分析

为解决混凝土箱体结构的温度裂纹问题,基于太阳辐射与来自近环境表面低红外辐射之间的能量密度失配,研发出一种可以在白天用于混凝土箱体桥梁表面的自控温装置.该装置采用辐射降温涂层和复合定形相变材料相结合,多层控温的方式,外挂在腹板表面,从外向内依次分为滤波器、反射层、封装层、潜热层和连结层5个部分.以陕西神沙河大桥为例,通过...     

相变墙体柔性用能预冷策略优化与敏感性分析

建筑柔性用能对削减空调负荷的峰谷差具有重要意义。相变墙体采用预冷策略可以有效降低高峰负荷，然而预冷可能会增加总能耗。因此，有必要对其柔性用能和能耗特征进行综合研究分析。以长沙的办公建筑为例，建立相变墙体的传热模型并采用实验数据进行对比验证，在此基础上，研究不同预冷策略下相变墙体夏季的柔性潜力，并对影响柔性的相变参数进行敏感性分析。结果表明：当预冷温度为23℃,预冷时长为4 h时，相变墙体能在总能耗降低2.6%的情况下使高峰期的总冷负荷降低85.4%。另外，相变材料的相变温度对柔性的影响最大，其次是位置、密度、相变潜热、厚度、相变范围，而导热系数和比热容对柔性的影响很小。该研究可为相变墙体的应用提供参考。     

相变混凝土的制备与性能研究综述

综述了相变材料的分类及特点、相变材料的定形与封装技术、相变混凝土的配合比设计与性能等3个方面的研究成果,对固-液相变材料的热物理参数、应用现状及多元复合相变体系进行了研究,归纳整理了相变材料的定形与封装技术,重点讨论了多孔基体吸附法,对比分析了相变混凝土的设计原理、力学性能与热物特性变化规律,并对相变混凝土研究方向进行了展望.结果表明:石蜡、脂酸和醇类等3种相变材料更适合于工程建筑环境的应用;相变材料不宜与混凝土集料直接混合;通常采用多孔基体材料吸附液体相变材料来制备相变骨料;相变混凝土的导热系数受相变骨料掺量影响明显,比热容会随掺量增加而提高,强度往往大幅降低.     

内蒙古西部超低能耗草原民居相变墙体调温节能性研究

内蒙古西部草原民居冬季室内热环境质量普遍较差,采暖能耗高,而相变材料具有优异的热工特性。探索研究在外墙中加入石蜡基相变材料改善草原民居冬季室内热舒适性和降低采暖能耗的可行性,分析在临河地区冬季典型气象条件下,墙体材质、相变材料层厚度、对流换热系数和相变潜热对内壁面温度响应和节能性的影响。结果表明:不同墙体材质的导热系数影响墙体热性能,随着导热系数减小,温度衰减倍数增加,内壁面热稳定性提升;随着相变层厚度的增加,墙体保温性能不断增强;墙体内壁面温度波幅随对流换热系数的增大而增加;随着相变潜热的增大,对提升冬季室内热环境和减少采暖能耗方面有一定作用,但其效果有限。研究结果为内蒙古西部草原民居非透明围护结构的节能设计提供参考依据。     

双层定型相变墙体的优化组合

与单层定型相变墙体相比,双层定型相变墙体依靠两层相变材料的潜热吸收和释放,可实现对室外冷热量的有效控制,发挥更加显著的改善室内热环境的作用。本文基于相变传热特性数值模拟的显热容法,以课题组近年来新制备的四种不同相变温度和潜热的定形相变材料为保温基材,构建具有两种不同相变保温层的双层相变蓄热墙体,建立双层定型相变墙体传热数值模型并利用COMSOL Multiphysics数值分析软件求解,针对夏热冬冷与严寒地区使用双层相变墙体的温度控制效果进行模拟,对双层定型相变墙体的传热过程及控温效果的影响因素进行分析,为优化双层定型相变墙体的组合形式提供参考。     

相变材料物性与轻质相变围护结构节能研究进展

针对轻质建筑围护结构材料降低了围护结构热容的问题,采用合理利用相变材料(PCM)的相变潜热的方式,以提高建筑围护结构的热容.阐述了国内外学者对PCM物性特征的研究成果,对比分析了PCM的热性能与传统保温材料的不同之处.同时,研究了目前对轻质PCM建筑构件的节能研究进展与热工评价指标,并基于当地的实际气象条件、室内目标温度、围护结构组成等情况,考虑PCM应具有相匹配的相变温度、相变潜热、导热系数等因素,提出了实际工程中选取PCM的思路,以及如何科学合理地发挥轻质围护结构中PCM的热性能,包括PCM在具有不同配置的墙体中的合理位置与用量等.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.