硬质合金激光铣削工艺与机理研究

在分析脉冲激光铣削材料去除机理的基础上,系统研究了激光单脉冲能量、重复频率、激光束扫描速度和辅助吹气压力等工艺参数对硬质合金激光铣削量和质量的影响,观察不同工艺参数条件下激光铣削的表面微观形貌。通过激光铣削工艺分析,可利用较优的激光铣削工艺加工各种硬质合金试样。     

微波印制板的微铣削实验研究

微铣削是一种先进的高速加工技术,而微波印制板是一种较难加工的复合材料.通过直径为1mm的微铣刀在铝衬微波印制板上进行的切削参数的单因素实验,得出转速和每齿进给量对铣削力的影响较大,切削深度和切削宽度影响相对较小.转速在10 000~14 000r/min、进给量在0.03mm左右时,可综合获得较好的表面加工质量和较少的刀具磨损,对实际的工艺参数选择有一定的指导意义.     

航空发动机叶片铣削工艺调整方法研究

为提高航空发动机叶片精密铣削加工的型面质量,提出了一种基于材料去除量的铣削加工工艺参数调整方法;首先,进行叶片铣削工艺参数调整总体方案设计,制定了叶片的铣削加工总体方案以及工艺参数调整方案;其次,基于神经网络算法建立了叶片铣削材料去除量预估模型,用于评价在不同工艺参数组合实验的铣削稳定性;然后,基于材料去除量对工艺参数进行调整来提高铣削过程的稳定性,并选取最优工艺参数组合进行叶片铣削实验;最后,运用三坐标测量机对铣削后的叶片型面进行检测,实验结果表明:铣削后的叶片叶盆、叶背加工余量分布在±0.05 mm,满足工艺要求,验证了材料去除量模型的稳定性以及所提出的工艺参数调整方法的正确性。     

基于变质层的Al 2O 3陶瓷激光铣削试验研究

介绍一种基于变质层控制的氧化铝陶瓷激光铣削方法.在无辅助气体条件下,激光扫描照射陶瓷表面,产生一变质层,对变质层的性质和尺寸进行控制,达到激光铣削Al2O3陶瓷材料的目的;同时,对变质层进行晶相组织分析,指导对激光铣削参数的选择,形成陶瓷材料的激光铣削工艺.试验研究了变质层的形成和脱落机理,分析了激光铣削工艺参数对铣削深度和铣削表面质量的影响规律.利用优化的铣削工艺对Al2O3陶瓷进行了激光多层铣削试验,得到各单层铣削深度为0.35~0.50 mm、各层表面粗糙度为2.0~3.2μm的激光铣削效果.试验结果可为Al2O3陶瓷激光铣削提供理论依据与应用指导.     

基于响应曲面的低碳制造铣削工艺参数优化

为了对低碳制造铣削工艺的加工参数进行优化,降低碳排放量的同时有效保障产品质量,选取主轴转速、进给速度、铣削深度和铣削宽度作为优化变量,碳排放量、材料去除率和表面粗糙度作为响应性能指标,通过设计中心复合实验,利用Design-Expert软件建立相对应的响应分析模型,并对所建模型进行可靠性验证,研究了工艺参数间的交互作用。结果表明:在主轴转速为999. 98 r/min,进给速度为490. 51 mm/min,铣削深度为0. 30 mm,铣削宽度为49. 99 mm时,响应最优,可见对低碳制造铣削工艺的优化具有一定的参考价值。     

PLA增减材工艺设计及其表面粗糙度测量分析

为提高聚乳酸(PLA)熔融沉积(FDM)成形件的表面质量,拓宽PLA成形件的应用领域,使用MakerBot Replicator Mini成形机和JTGK-500H高速数控雕铣机设备,以直径1.75 mm的PLA丝材为原材料,进行增材制造与减材加工复合工艺设计及其表面粗糙度试验研究。增材成形层厚0.05 mm,送丝速度40 mm/s,熔丝温度215℃,制备了PLA长方体试验件(100 mm×100 mm×50 mm),并对FDM试验件进行多次铣削加工,其工艺参数为主轴转速800～10 000 r/min,进给速度500～700 r/min,背吃刀量0.1～0.3 mm,得到9组成形表面的粗糙度数值0.872、0.750、0.676、0.852、0.776、0.654、0.839、0.732、0.670μm。通过正交试验分析,确定了PLA成形件表面的最佳铣削参数,为增材制造成形件二次加工提供了试验研究基础。     

增/减材复合加工316L宏观形貌和残余应力试验

为了研究激光功率P、送粉速率f和扫描速度v_f对熔覆层宏观质量的影响,采用正交试验进行激光熔化沉积的单层单道成形试验研究.以熔覆层的形状系数ξ为评价指标,通过极差分析获得P,f和v_f对几何形貌影响的主次顺序.结果表明:在一定工艺参数范围内,f对熔覆层ξ的影响最大;最佳工艺参数组合是P,f和v_f分别为1kW,0.7g/min和600mm/min.利用X射线衍射法对增/减材复合制造316L不锈钢薄壁圆环表面残余应力的分布进行了试验研究.结果表明:试样表面的顶部和底部是拉应力,中间部分是压应力;铣削加工可以消除一部分残余应力.     

激光切割工艺参数对切割樟子松切缝效率的影响

激光加工在木材加工中的应用越来越广泛,具有传统机械加工不可比拟的优势。影响激光切割木材效率的因素主要有切割机参数和工件的性质,由于木材的性质很复杂,并且激光切割时的镜头高、功率、切割速度等参数具有交互作用,造成三因素同时作用的显著性不明显,使激光切割木材的效率不易控制。为获得更理想的切割效率,对激光切割木材的工艺参数进行了试验研究。为了减少各种因素交互作用的影响,细化加工参数,分析镜头高和功率二因素对切割缝深的影响程度,以樟子松为例,采用二因素完全随机重复试验方法,在切割速度一定的条件下(v=100 mm/s),确定镜头高和功率对缝深的影响。通过方差分析以及多重比较分析,确定合理的参数为功率41.6 W、镜头高6 mm,或者功率65 W、镜头高6.5 mm。在此条件下可得最大切割缝深为4.5～6 mm。     

航空铝合金薄壁零件高速加工铣削力

探讨铣削力三维有限元计算方法,研究航空薄壁零件高速加工切削力变化规律。基于Advant Edge 3D铣削模块,实现对AL7075航空铝合金材料的铣削过程仿真加工并研究铣削力规律。预测不同切削时间下工件及刀具上的温度分布,建立高速铣削参数对铝合金7075铣削力和铣削温度的影响曲线。通过实际铣削试验验证仿真结果的可靠性。研究结果表明:在铣削速度v为250~1 500 m/min,切削速度大于250 m/min时,切削力随切削速度增加而快速下降;当切削速度大于500 m/min时,切削力变化不大,呈微量上升趋势;轴向力FZ在整个速度范围内变化不大;高速铣削参数对铝合金7075铣削力和铣削温度的影响曲线可辅助优化切削加工参数,有助于减小切削过程中刀具的磨损,改善刀具切削状态,提高刀具使用寿命,为预测其他材料的铣削力提供了新的有限元建模方法。     

基于MATLAB的高速铣削力仿真对加工参数的选择分析及系统实现

针对高速铣削加工中工件和机床的偏移使得切削力分布对工件尺寸精度有较大影响的现状,基于目前较为成熟的切屑厚度尺寸效应和有效前角影响的高速动态铣削力模型理论,利用MATLAB函数对铣削力进行预测仿真,研究结果表明在铣削过程中铣削力分布对工件已加工部分的尺寸精度有重要影响;通过改变铣削加工参数对铣削力进行仿真研究,从而选择出合理的铣削加工参数,提高加工效率;利用数据库函数建立起高速铣削力仿真系统,为数控加工工艺参数的选择和优化提供一个有效的工具。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-