弹性波与各向异性介质摩擦接触界面的相互作用

研究了脉冲波在一般各向异性介质摩擦接触界面上的反射和折射问题.限于小于临界角入射的情况.利用Fourier分析方法将非线性Coulomb摩擦接触边界波动问题化为一组代数方程.给出了确定局部分离、滑移和粘着区的思路和方法及各区域的解并以抛物线型应力脉冲为例进行了详细的计算.对相同介质的两半无限各向异性体给出了界面力、张开位移和相对滑移速度的数值结果.     

脉冲SH波在单侧接触正交异性覆层介质中的传播

应用Fourier分析,研究了脉冲SH波在单侧接触正交异性覆层半空间中的传播.设接触界面遵循Coulomb摩擦定律,波小于临界角入射.根据含有不等式的混合边界条件,将问题化为一递推方程,并发展了一种迭代方法用于确定界面未知边界区域--滑移区,计算了界面剪力和相对滑移速度的分布,讨论了上下层介质材料参数组合、弹性覆层的厚度等参量对系统动力响应的影响.     

弹性波透过压电介质接触界面的传播特性

以一维弹性波为例分析了波透过压电介质接触界面时的传播特性,考虑了界面的分离及接触状态的变化,解析地给出了界面分离和接触的时间分布范围以及波的反射透射系数,并讨论了边界非线性引起的高频谐波特性。     

简谐P波透过摩擦接触界面的实验分析

工程结构中存在着大量的接触界面,接触界面只能承压不能承拉。含有接触界面的材料或结构受地震、冲击等动荷载作用时,可能引起界面的局部分离和滑移,从而导致问题的非线性。对简谐P波垂直入射接触界面问题进行了实验研究。观测分析透射波时域波形和频域曲线的变化,给出了透射波高阶频率幅值随外加荷载的变化规律,以期为无损探测材料接触型缺陷以及定量测定界面接触力提供参考。     

考虑粗糙结合面的摩擦连接建模与动力学研究

文章基于Kragelsky-Demkin接触理论推导出粗糙结合面上的临界摩擦力分布,并结合Iwan迟滞非线性模型建立了一种能够描述粗糙结合面切向上非线性动力学行为的摩擦连接结构力学模型;针对结构运动呈分段线性的特点对运动进行逐段求解,结合运动在各段边界处的连续性条件,由Runge-Kutta法得到运动在整个时域的响应,并探究了激励幅值、Jenkins单元数量和接触界面粗糙度对动力学行为的影响。结果表明:建立的模型能够在考虑界面粗糙度的情况下描述界面非线性动力学的行为特征;随着外界激励幅值的增加,接触面发生滑移,结构固有频率降低,摩擦能耗所占比重上升;结构滑移量较小时,用较多数量的Jenkins单元可以获得更加精确的力学行为描述;界面粗糙度参数增大时,结构发生滑移的概率降低,单位周期的能量耗散也降低。     

不同界面形式的粘接结构中纵波的反射与透射

鉴于处于不同界面形式的多层粘接结构中波传播问题的描述非常复杂,在将粘接薄层假定为具有松弛时间τ的黏弹性体的情况下,推导了平面纵波入射时板状粘接结构中含有无量纲参数ωτ的纵波和横波的反射与透射系数表达式.将该方法应用于铝-环氧树脂-聚苯乙烯结构并与已有结果进行比较,证实了利用对ωτ赋值表征界面状态的可行性;以钢-环氧树脂-钢粘接结构为例,研究了入射角度和频厚积的变化对声波反射与透射特性的影响.结果表明:当纵波垂直入射时,若粘接界面为完好或滑移连接,纵波的反射和透射系数曲线会产生周期性谐振;当倾斜入射时,在特定频厚积下,采用纵、横波的反射或透射系数法可有效辨别界面形式;为实验采用超声波检测粘接结构提供了理论依据.     

有横缝混凝土重力坝接触问题分析

本文基于有限元非线性接触模型,对重力坝横缝非线性进行研究,重点讨论:(1)有限元数值模拟研究的问题处理:选用接触的方式、接触类型、实常数设置和摩擦问题的处理方法;(2)结合某混凝土重力坝模型引入接触分析,用接触单元模拟接触缝模型,分析了滑动面接触刚度的变化对坝体滑移的影响。     

斜拉桥钢-混锚板式索梁锚固区摩擦效应分析

基于徐明高速公路某斜拉桥建立包含接触非线性的有限元模型,通过对摩擦因数的参数化分析,讨论复杂空间受力与多种剪力键共存的条件下钢-混锚板式索梁锚固区的摩擦效应.研究结果表明:摩擦效应成为区别于PBL键与剪力钉的传力途径;摩擦应力的分布与接触面压应力正相关;相对滑移初始集中在主动变形区域;摩擦效应对PBL键和剪力钉的受力影响从初始滑移区域沿变形传递路径逐渐累积,甚至会改变局部受力和相对滑移的方向;摩擦效应与摩擦因数呈现显著的非线性变化关系;其发挥依赖于一定的钢-混变形能力和相对滑移趋势.     

时域内三维上下部相互作用结构的非线性分析

通过对动力问题中粘弹性边界和桩土界面的非线性接触的合理描述,提出了一种能有效地开展层状地基中桩(群)-上部结构非线性动力相互作用分析的三维有限元模型.对地震作用下的（桩）基础结构共同作用进行了较全面的场动模拟,认为即使在非强震下,其桩-土间的滑移和开脱非线性共同作用对结构反应影响较大,按其间的一致粘合位移假设并不能有效地对桩承-结构体系的动力上、下部相互作用作出合理的评价.     

非线性热传导边值问题的微扰展式方法

本文将微扰展式方法用于研究非线性复合介质的传热情况．由于接触热阻的存在，势在两相界面上不再连续．研究表明，微扰展式方法也适用于研究相界面上势不连续的非线性系统．文中计算了含单个圆柱形杂质的复合介质的温度分布，并讨论了几种特殊情况．     

Detachment fronts and the onset of dynamic friction

The dynamics of friction have been studied for hundreds of years, yet many aspects of these everyday processes are not understood. One such aspect is the onset of frictional motion (slip). First described more than 200 years ago as the transition from static to dynamic friction, the onset of slip is central to fields as diverse as physics, tribology, mechanics of earthquakes and fracture. Here we show that the onset of frictional slip is governed by three different types of coherent crack-like fronts: these are observed by real-time visualization of the net contact area that forms the interface separating two blocks of like material. Two of these fronts, which propagate at subsonic and intersonic velocities, have been the subject of intensive recent interest. We show that a third type of front, which propagates an order of magnitude more slowly, is the dominant mechanism for the rupture of the interface. No overall motion (sliding) of the blocks occurs until either of the slower two fronts traverses the entire interface.     

'Melt welt' mechanism of extreme weakening of gabbro at seismic slip rates

Laboratory studies of frictional properties of rocks at slip velocities approaching the seismic range (～0.1-1?m?s(-1)), and at moderate normal stresses (1-10?MPa), have revealed a complex evolution of the dynamic shear strength, with at least two phases of weakening separated by strengthening at the onset of wholesale melting. The second post-melting weakening phase is governed by viscous properties of the melt layer and is reasonably well understood. The initial phase of extreme weakening, however, remains a subject of much debate. Here we show that the initial weakening of gabbro is associated with the formation of hotspots and macroscopic streaks of melt ('melt welts'), which partially unload the rest of the slip interface. Melt welts begin to form when the average rate of frictional heating exceeds 0.1-0.4?MW?m(-2), while the average temperature of the shear zone is well below the solidus (250-450?°C). Similar heterogeneities in stress and temperature are likely to occur on natural fault surfaces during rapid slip, and to be important for earthquake rupture dynamics.     

Non-volcanic tremor driven by large transient shear stresses

Non-impulsive seismic radiation or 'tremor' has long been observed at volcanoes and more recently around subduction zones. Although the number of observations of non-volcanic tremor is steadily increasing, the causative mechanism remains unclear. Some have attributed non-volcanic tremor to the movement of fluids, while its coincidence with geodetically observed slow-slip events at regular intervals has led others to consider slip on the plate interface as its cause. Low-frequency earthquakes in Japan, which are believed to make up at least part of non-volcanic tremor, have focal mechanisms and locations that are consistent with tremor being generated by shear slip on the subduction interface. In Cascadia, however, tremor locations appear to be more distributed in depth than in Japan, making them harder to reconcile with a plate interface shear-slip model. Here we identify bursts of tremor that radiated from the Cascadia subduction zone near Vancouver Island, Canada, during the strongest shaking from the moment magnitude M(w) = 7.8, 2002 Denali, Alaska, earthquake. Tremor occurs when the Love wave displacements are to the southwest (the direction of plate convergence of the overriding plate), implying that the Love waves trigger the tremor. We show that these displacements correspond to shear stresses of approximately 40 kPa on the plate interface, which suggests that the effective stress on the plate interface is very low. These observations indicate that tremor and possibly slow slip can be instantaneously induced by shear stress increases on the subduction interface-effectively a frictional failure response to the driving stress.     

Friction falls towards zero in quartz rock as slip velocity approaches seismic rates

An important unsolved problem in earthquake mechanics is to determine the resistance to slip on faults in the Earth's crust during earthquakes. Knowledge of coseismic slip resistance is critical for understanding the magnitude of shear-stress reduction and hence the near-fault acceleration that can occur during earthquakes, which affects the amount of damage that earthquakes are capable of causing. In particular, a long-unresolved problem is the apparently low strength of major faults, which may be caused by low coseismic frictional resistance. The frictional properties of rocks at slip velocities up to 3 mm s(-1) and for slip displacements characteristic of large earthquakes have been recently simulated under laboratory conditions. Here we report data on quartz rocks that indicate an extraordinary progressive decrease in frictional resistance with increasing slip velocity above 1 mm s(-1). This reduction extrapolates to zero friction at seismic slip rates of approximately 1 m s(-1), and appears to be due to the formation of a thin layer of silica gel on the fault surface: it may explain the low strength of major faults during earthquakes.     

考虑摩擦的平面多刚体系统的冲击问题

由于经典的多体系统冲击动力学的方法无法在冲击的瞬间计算摩擦力的积分,所以在考虑滑动粘滞、反向及保留经典的近似冲击假定的情况下,通过采用分段分析的方法,得到含摩擦的平面多刚体系统的冲击问题的理论解,即根据冲击的初始条件及几何特性,以及作者提供的公式,可以直接得到冲击后的动力学响应。     

Tire Grip Performance Simulation and Improving Method Considering the Influence of Tread Pattern Stiffness

The grip performance of radial tires on dry roads was simulated with the software ABAQUS.A sliding-velocity-dependent friction coefficient on the contact behavior at the tire-pavement interface was selected to describe friction phenomenon for tire and road interface.Anti-lock brake system(ABS) process was achieved by controlling the tire angular velocity to obtain the relationship between friction force and slip rate,while the maximum friction forces were used to evaluate tire grip performance.Physical mechanism of tire grip performance was also analyzed through the frictional force generated from the adhesion region and sliding region by considering the contact differences between the longitudinal slip and the lateral slip,and the deformation characteristics of tire pattern were also investigated.In order to improve tire grip performance,carbon fiber material was added to the tread pattern grooves.The results show that carbon fiber has a significant influence on stiffness distribution of tread patterns and friction force vector in the contact zone.Tire grip performance can be improved by controlling the stiffness distribution and deformation direction of the tread pattern.     

Frictional ageing from interfacial bonding and the origins of rate and state friction

Earthquakes have long been recognized as being the result of stick-slip frictional instabilities. Over the past few decades, laboratory studies of rock friction have elucidated many aspects of tectonic fault zone processes and earthquake phenomena. Typically, the static friction of rocks grows logarithmically with time when they are held in stationary contact, but the mechanism responsible for this strengthening is not understood. This time-dependent increase of frictional strength, or frictional ageing, is one manifestation of the 'evolution effect' in rate and state friction theory. A prevailing view is that the time dependence of rock friction results from increases in contact area caused by creep of contacting asperities. Here we present the results of atomic force microscopy experiments that instead show that frictional ageing arises from the formation of interfacial chemical bonds, and the large magnitude of ageing at the nanometre scale is quantitatively consistent with what is required to explain observations in macroscopic rock friction experiments. The relative magnitude of the evolution effect compared with that of the 'direct effect'--the dependence of friction on instantaneous changes in slip velocity--determine whether unstable slip, leading to earthquakes, is possible. Understanding the mechanism underlying the evolution effect would enable us to formulate physically based frictional constitutive laws, rather than the current empirically based 'laws', allowing more confident extrapolation to natural faults.     

机械密封用O形橡胶密封圈微动特性

采用含高阶项的Mooney-Rivlin本构模型对机械密封用O形丁腈橡胶圈进行了轴对称有限元分析,重点考察了位移幅值、介质压力、压缩率及摩擦系数对其微动特性的影响.结果表明:随着位移幅值的增加,O形圈在微动界面上可呈现黏着、混合黏滑和完全滑移3种不同的接触状态;介质压力、压缩率及摩擦系数对O形圈的微动运行行为有重要影响;混合黏滑状态下O形圈密封界面摩擦力的显著波动会影响浮动环的浮动性;滑移状态下O形圈伴随着较高的Von Mises应力易导致其发生剪切破坏、表面磨损加剧;而在黏着状态下O形圈的综合性能最佳.因此,应避免O形圈运行于混合黏滑状态,压缩率取10%左右,并降低摩擦系数,以减缓其表面磨损和剪切破坏并满足补偿环浮动性和追随性.     

均布荷载作用下简支组合梁受力机理分析

为了揭示组合梁在均布荷载作用下的受力机理,考虑弯曲和滑移耦合变形,建立组合梁滑移受力机理模型.首先,以单跨简支组合梁为研究对象,探讨组合梁变形与滑移规律、横截面内力分布及结合部传力机理;然后,分析截面尺度、界面刚度与荷载加载面对组合梁受力机理的影响.结果表明：混凝土板抗剪和抗弯作用在房建组合梁中较明显,在桥梁组合梁中可忽略;随着界面刚度比的增加,简支组合梁的曲率、转角、挠度和滑移均减小;混凝土板和钢梁轴力同步增大,混凝土板剪力增大而钢梁剪力减小,混凝土板、钢梁弯矩减小而轴力力偶增大;结合部界面切向力增大而界面法向力基本不变;相较于按自质量分配荷载,均布荷载由混凝土板承担时界面压力增大,由钢梁承担时则界面受拉,应注意验算界面抗拉拔性能.