Nanotube electronics: large-scale assembly of carbon nanotubes

Nanoscale electronic devices made from carbon nanotubes, such as transistors and sensors, are much smaller and more versatile than those that rely on conventional microelectronic chips, but their development for mass production has been thwarted by difficulties in aligning and integrating the millions of nanotubes required. Inspired by biomolecular self-assembly processes, we have created chemically functionalized patterns on a surface, to which pre-grown nanotubes in solution can align themselves in huge numbers. This method allows wafer-scale fabrication of millions of carbon-nanotube circuits with single-nanotube precision, and may enable nanotube-based devices, such as computer chips and high-density sensor arrays, to be produced industrially.     

脉冲无氰电镀在硅基RF-MEMS滤波器中的应用及优化

针对硅基RF-MEMS带通滤波器制备过程中金层电镀沉积工艺,基于亚硫酸金盐无氰电镀液,并结合脉冲电镀技术,通过对电流密度、占空比、正负脉冲时间比、脉冲频率、温度、搅拌速率等相关工艺参数进行优化组合,实现了所设计的硅基双层自屏蔽式RF-MEMS带通滤波器制备与测试,也为相关RF-MEMS器件制备提供了工艺指导.      

DNA-based self-assembly of chiral plasmonic nanostructures with tailored optical response

Matter structured on a length scale comparable to or smaller than the wavelength of light can exhibit unusual optical properties. Particularly promising components for such materials are metal nanostructures, where structural alterations provide a straightforward means of tailoring their surface plasmon resonances and hence their interaction with light. But the top-down fabrication of plasmonic materials with controlled optical responses in the visible spectral range remains challenging, because lithographic methods are limited in resolution and in their ability to generate genuinely three-dimensional architectures. Molecular self-assembly provides an alternative bottom-up fabrication route not restricted by these limitations, and DNA- and peptide-directed assembly have proved to be viable methods for the controlled arrangement of metal nanoparticles in complex and also chiral geometries. Here we show that DNA origami enables the high-yield production of plasmonic structures that contain nanoparticles arranged in nanometre-scale helices. We find, in agreement with theoretical predictions, that the structures in solution exhibit defined circular dichroism and optical rotatory dispersion effects at visible wavelengths that originate from the collective plasmon-plasmon interactions of the nanoparticles positioned with an accuracy better than two nanometres. Circular dichroism effects in the visible part of the spectrum have been achieved by exploiting the chiral morphology of organic molecules and the plasmonic properties of nanoparticles, or even without precise control over the spatial configuration of the nanoparticles. In contrast, the optical response of our nanoparticle assemblies is rationally designed and tunable in handedness, colour and intensity-in accordance with our theoretical model.     

Research progress on the ultra hydrophobic surface topography effect

The study on the effect of surface topography on hy- drophobicity involves solid-liquid-gas contact line ef- fect and solid-liquid interphase effect. The former is chiefly related to the wettability of the solid surface, while the latter is mainly concerned with the solid-liquid interface resistance during the process of relative movement. The hydrophobicity or wettability is one of the main characteristics of solid surface, determined by both the chemical components and the microstructures of…     

一种MEMS热电制冷器的设计

研究一种基于MEMS工艺的微型热电制冷器.采用薄膜热电材料减小器件的尺寸,采用微机械加工工艺形成的硅杯结构降低衬底的热泄漏.器件在材料和工艺上都与微电子工艺兼容,易于与电子器件集成.分别讨论了热电臂长度、厚度及绝缘膜厚度等结构参数对器件最大制冷温差、制冷系数、制冷功率等性能的影响,得出最优的设计参数.分析中考虑了绝缘层热泄漏,制冷区的热对流和热辐射,以及接触电阻等非理想因素.分析结果表明,器件工作时达到的最大温差为40 K;冷端温度为290 K时,制冷功率为3 mW.     

多孔玻璃基材微通道板的实验研究

在光电平板显示屏中需要对平面电子源进行放大，而传统的微通道板因面板小，不能满足器件的要求．本报告了以多孔玻璃为基材的微通道板的制备及其二次电子发射特性的测量结果．     

Biomimetic fabrication and characterization of an artificial rice leaf surface with anisotropic wetting

In nature,rice leaves exhibit special anisotropic sliding capabilities.Although researchers have succeeded in fabricating artificial rice leaf structures and realizing the wettability function of the leaf surface,these methods used to date are complex and do not allow the fabrication of surfaces with large area.Herein,we adopted a simple technology—two steps soft transfer to fabricate biomimetic rice leaf.The fabricated surface well reproduced the structures of the rice leaf surface and exhibited a static superhydrophobic property similar to that of the real rice leaf surface.In terms of its dynamic wettability,it clearly exhibited an anisotropic sliding property.Systematic measurements showed that the sliding angles parallel and perpendicular with the vein direction were 25° and 40°,respectively.The method was simple and reliable,without the need for expensive instruments and complex technologies,which could be used for the rapid fabrication of large-area artificial rice leaf surfaces.We believe that the artificial rice leaf surface fabricated by this method has great potential applications in biomimetic functional surfaces,microfluidics,and so on.     

Subwavelength-diameter silica wires for low-loss optical wave guiding

Silica waveguides with diameters larger than the wavelength of transmitted light are widely used in optical communications, sensors and other applications. Minimizing the width of the waveguides is desirable for photonic device applications, but the fabrication of low-loss optical waveguides with subwavelength diameters remains challenging because of strict requirements on surface roughness and diameter uniformity. Here we report the fabrication of subwavelength-diameter silica 'wires' for use as low-loss optical waveguides within the visible to near-infrared spectral range. We use a two-step drawing process to fabricate long free-standing silica wires with diameters down to 50 nm that show surface smoothness at the atomic level together with uniformity of diameter. Light can be launched into these wires by optical evanescent coupling. The wires allow single-mode operation, and have an optical loss of less than 0.1 dB mm(-1). We believe that these wires provide promising building blocks for future microphotonic devices with subwavelength-width structures.     

药芯焊丝CO_2气体保护焊送丝机构的研制

研制了一种双曲面滚轮行星式送丝机构，克服了传统行星送丝机构对电机的特殊要求．提出了一种双曲面派轮实用型面加工的新方法，使型面加工更趋于简单．     

K型偏心支撑钢框架支撑的设计研究

为研究不同支撑刚度K型偏心支撑钢框架的抗震性能,对5个具有不同支撑截面的试件进行了非线性有限元分析。结果表明:为保证耗能梁段先行剪切屈服而支撑不屈曲,支撑应具有足够的刚度;支撑长细比较小的试件滞回性能较好,而长细比过小则会降低结构的延性和耗能性能;对于长细比较小的支撑,其翼缘宽厚比应严一些,而腹板高厚比则可适当放宽;支撑斜杆与横梁的连接焊缝发生断裂破坏的可能性较大,在施工中应对该处焊缝的焊接质量进行严格控制。并根据有限元模拟结果提出了设计和施工建议。     

极端润湿性表面研究与应用进展

 简介了极端润湿性表面相关理论,总结了极端润湿性表面的制备方法,讨论了极端润湿性表面在自清洁、防雾、抗结冰结霜、耐腐蚀、响应开关、油水分离、高负载力水上设备、液体无损转移、液体定向运输、血液相容材料等领域的应用,指出了实现极端润湿性表面真正工业化应用所需解决的问题,认为制备机械性能好、静/动压承受能力强的超双疏表面是超疏液极端润湿性表面制备方面的大趋势。     

Control of the morphology of micro/nanostructures of polycarbonate via electrospinning

Many of the applications proposed for bioassays, scaffolds for tissue engineering, filtrations, and supports for catalysts require polymeric membranes with large specific surface areas. Polycarbonate （PC） is a possible candidate for these applications because of its excellent mechanical performance and good biocompatibility. Electrospinning is a simple and effective method for large-scale fabrication of micro-/nanofibrous membranes with large specific surface areas. How to control the morphology of electrospun PC fibers, however, has not been systematically investigated. We describe the controllable fabrication of continuous and uniform PC fibers. We electrospin PC/chloroform solutions doped with different types of surfactants including anionic, zwitterionic, nonionic and cationic surfactants. Only cationic surfactants can lead to the successful fabrication of uniform PC fibers. After the analysis of the correlation between solution properties such as viscosity, surface tension, and conductivity and the morphology of electrospun fibers, we conclude that the addition of cationic surfactants such as cetane trimethyl ammonium bromide （CTAB） that leads to a decrease in viscosity is the main factor responsible for the formation of PC fibers. The demonstration of the fabrication of uniform PC fibers will lend experience to processing other polymers into fibers via electrospinning.     

基于遗传算法的快速成型零件分层方向优化方法

熔融沉积快速成型技术在快速成型制造领域中的作用日趋明显,复杂零件成型方向是成型中的关键问题之一.为此,提出了一种熔融沉积成型分层方向的选择方法,建立了以支撑面积最小、制作时间最短和表面粗糙度最低为优化目标函数的数学模型,用遗传算法求解,得到优化的制作方向.快速成型实验结果表明,本方法可明显提高快速成型系统的加工效率,降低系统的成本.     

An Indentation Method for Nanoprecision Measurement of Diamond Tool Edge Radius

In ductile mode cutting of brittle materials using di amond tools, such as ductile cutting of silicon and quartz for wafer fabrication , one of the key conditions for achieving ductile chip formation is to get the r ight ratio of tool cutting edge radius to the undeformed chip thickness. It has been shown that the undeformed chip thickness has to be in the order of nanomete rs and that the tool cutting edge radius has to be smaller than the undeformed c hip thickness. Therefore, nanoprecision measurement ...     

自主虚拟人真实感行为与运动建模的研究

提出一种采用微流控芯片进行微量液体表面张力系数测量的新方法,并对其制作工艺流程进行研究.以聚碳酸酯核孔膜为模,利用毛细作用力使聚二甲基硅氧烷预聚物充满膜孔.固化后与微腔室键合,注入有机溶剂溶模释放出微柱阵列.位于液气分界面处的微柱顶端由于蒸发作用打破表面张力平衡引起微柱发生弯曲形变,通过对微柱形变图像处理,计算得出表面张力系数.实验结果表明该测量方法有效,测量精度达到nN/μm.     

用声表面波器件实现小波变换的方法

根据声表面波SAW（Surface Acoustic Wave)传播的非线性特性,将变换信号用的小波作为声表面波器件的脉冲响应,从而提出了一种用声表面波模拟硬件实现小波变换的方法,并成功地用特种模拟器件实现了连续二进小波的快速变换,由于实现方法简单,避免了复杂的算法和昂贵的制作过程,对于开发小波变换的优越性和小波变换的应用有重要的价值。同时,还给出了小波变换在检测信号和信号滤波方面的应用例子,证明了用声表面波器件完全可以实现实时的信号小波变换。     

一种二元复合结构聚合物减阻涂层的制备

为了通过表面形貌构型实现水下减阻,基于Benard对流理论制备了一种具有二元复合结构的聚合物涂层。采用高压空气喷涂工艺,将涂料喷涂在基体材料上形成液膜;液膜固化后,亚mm级和μm级二元复合的形貌结构在涂层表面自发形成。对液膜体系中温度变化及物料迁移分析的结果表明:溶剂蒸发导致了温度梯度和表面张力梯度的出现,由此引发的界面流和界面变形,是二元复合结构表面形貌形成的主要原因。在清华大学SKLT-1小型高速水洞中,对涂层的减阻性能进行了初步测试。测试结果表明,涂层具有显著的减阻效果。     

基于反求工程的个体匹配化骨骼制造方法的研究

针对传统制造方法无法再现人体骨骼原有形状的问题，提出和实现了2种人工骨骼的制造新方法，即直接插值法和曲面拟合法。这2种方法依据病人患处的CT(Computer Tomography)或MRI(Magnetic Resonance Imaging)的断层数据，结合现代图像处理技术，根据临床实际需要，利用反求工程技术，采用快速成型的加工方法，实现了人工骨骼的个体匹配化制造。2个骨骼的制造实例证明，运用基于反求工程的新型制造技术，可以再现人体骨骼的原有形状，并具有制造周期短、成本低的优点。     

低频声表面波器件的设计与制作

采用数字傅里叶变换技术设计并制作了一个中心频率为44MHz，1dB带宽为8MHz，带外抑制大于60dB，插损小于28dB的带通滤波器．发射和接收叉指换能器均采用数字傅里叶变换技术．整个声表面波滤波器的制作工艺流程是：基片抛光打磨、清洗、镀膜、匀胶、光刻、腐蚀和显影．实验结果分析表明此带通滤波器满足各项指标．     

微透镜阵列光扩散片特性研究及制备

分析了球面微透镜阵列扩散片的扩散和增益特性,利用光线追迹法对其进行了模拟仿真,分析了不同球面半径和球冠高度对扩散增益特性的影响.结果表明,微透镜孔径越小,其扩散性能也好;微透镜的深宽比越高,其增益性能越好.提出了微透镜阵列扩散片的制作,利用自行设计的微区纳米压印机可制作不同深宽比和不同占空比的微透镜阵列模板,通过紫外胶曝光压印技术进行复制,便可形成微透镜阵列扩散片.