两流中间包流场的物理模拟与结构优化

研究了坝、堰的结构和安装位置对55 t两流板坯连铸中间包内流体流动状态的影响,结合RTD曲线计算出的平均停留时间,确定了优化的中间包结构。研究表明:坝、堰组合之后可以改变流体的流动状态,延长流体运动的轨迹,提高流体的平均停留时间,但流体经过坝、堰后都存在一定体积的死区。采用坝1、堰1组合方案的中间包结构最佳,该方案的平均停留时间最长为299 s,死区体积分数最小为31.0%。优化控流参数后,在坝、堰间距为290 mm,堰到长水口间距为383 mm时,流体在中间包内的平均停留时间最长为351 s,死区体积分数最小为19.0%,比不加坝、堰的方案平均停留时间增加了65 s,死区体积分数减小了15.0%。由Newton公式计算表明,此优化方案的中间包去除夹杂物的临界直径为17.5μm,在351 s内夹杂物均能上浮去除。     

H型中间包与T型中间包的水模对比研究

进行了H型中间包的挡墙和坝的水模拟优化试验,确定出挡墙和坝的最佳设计方案。结合H型中间包的优点,与普遍使用的T型中间包进行了水模实验对比研究。研究表明：H型中间包内流动比T型中间包内更加稳定;当挡墙间距为130 mm、上挡墙高为87.5 mm、下挡墙高为52.5 mm时,H型中间包内液体的流动状态最好,死区体积比T型中间包小;符合工艺参数条件下增大中间包容积有利于停留时间的延长。     

Improvement of tundish shape and optimization of flow control devices for sequence casting heavy steel ingots

The metallurgical effect of a round tundish used to cast heavy steel ingots in machine works at present was evaluated through water modeling experiments. The flow control devices of the improved oval tundish, which was used instead of the round tundish, had been optimized. The results show that the residence time of the round tundish is short, its inclusion removal efficiency is too low, and it has more dead zones and an unreasonable flow field. Compared with the round tundish, the improved oval tundish with the optimized weir and dam has a better effect:its minimum residence time is prolonged by 38.1 s, the average residence time is prolonged by 233.4 s, its dead volume fraction decreases from 26% to 15%, and the ratio of plug volume fraction to dead volume fraction increases from 0.54 to 1.27. The inclusion removal efficiency also increases by 17.5%.     

单流板坯连铸中间包结构优化

通过对单流板坯连铸中间包的水模实验,研究了不同控流装置对中间包流动特性的影响.研究结果表明,堰、坝的尺寸和位置与湍流控制器(TI)的结构对中间包流动特性影响很大,在该中间包内使用不带顶檐的湍流控制器效果好于带顶檐的湍流控制器.与原方案中间包结构相比,优化后的中间包的流体流动特性得到很大改善,最小停留时间和峰值时间分别从64s和81 s提高到了81 s和163 s,平均停留时间从237s延长到了314 s,死区体积分数从35%降低到了14%,降低了60%.     

中间包钢液流动行为的数值模拟及控流装置优化

针对某钢厂四流大方坯连铸过程中铸坯夹杂物含量较高、各流流动状态不一致等问题,本文提出了关于中间包内控流装置(坝高和导流孔结构)的改进方案,采用数值模拟方法对比研究了不同方案下中间包钢液的流场及停留时间分布(RTD)等特征。结果表明,与原型中间包相比,适当增加坝高及下层导流孔的上倾角度,有利于改善中间包钢液的流动特性,各流之间的均匀性明显提高,钢液在中间包内的停留时间有所延长,死区体积分数下降,有效减弱了中间包短路流,中间包冶金功能得到改善;控流装置最佳参数为:坝高300 mm,上层和下层导流孔角度分别为20°和45°,此时对应的钢液在中间包内的平均停留时间为210 s,死区体积分数仅为13.2%。     

连铸中间包内夹杂物去除行为的水模型研究

通过选择乳状液滴模拟夹杂物和连铸中间包水模型实验,考察了控流装置、浇铸速度、夹杂物粒径对中间包内夹杂物去除行为的影响规律.结果表明:挡墙-挡坝组合控流夹杂物去除效果最佳,中间包内强湍流区夹杂物的碰撞聚合以及向上和表面流速的增加是主因;中间包注流区加入抑湍器,虽然其流体流动特征发生改变,但对夹杂物去除率的影响并不显著;较高的浇铸速度下,单纯靠控流装置的优化已不能很好地改善夹杂物的去除效果.     

两流T型连铸中间包结构优化

在实验室中以1∶2.5几何相似比建立了两流T型中间包钢液流动的物理模型,保持弗劳德数相等进行物理模拟实验.实验结果表明,原方案中间包结构的最小停留时间为35.00 s,峰值时间为103.75 s左右,平均停留时间约为273.42 s,活塞流体积分数约为17.88%,死区体积分数为29.53%.采用湍控器、一堰和两坝作为该中间包的控流装置,可以大幅度改善中间包的流体流动特性.结构改进后的中间包流体流动特性:最小停留时间达到151.75 s,峰值时间为281.25 s,平均停留时间为354.16 s,活塞流体积分数为55.80%,死区体积分数降低到8.73%.     

Influence of flow control devices on metallurgical effects in a large-capacity tundish

The influence of flow control devices on metallurgical effects in a large-capacity tundish has been studied carefully with elements tracing, sampling and theoretical prospecting. The results from the studies are (1) in the continuous casting of clean steel, bad control of tundish operation may deteriorate the cleanliness of steel; (2) the cleanliness of steel is deteriorated mainly at the unsteady state; (3) large amount of macro inclusions come from the top slag and the refractory of tundish; (4) installing dam and weir can improve the cleanliness of steel and lighten the influence of steel fluctuation; and (5) the result of theoretical calculation suggests that the inclusions larger than the critical size of 92.6 μm can be floated out from the tundish bath completely.     

40t 单流中间包控流装置的优化配置

采用水模型和工业验证的方法针对40 t 单流中间包的控流装置进行优化配置研究.通过对单独湍流抑制器控流装置、湍流抑制器+下挡墙组合控流装置、湍流抑制器+下挡墙+上挡墙组合控流装置的研究表明,下挡墙在改善钢液流动形态和减少中间包内死区方面所起的作用大于上挡墙.平均停留时间随下挡墙与长水口的距离增加呈先增大后减小的趋势.确定了单流中间包以湍流抑制器+下挡墙的优化组合形式,死区比例由原来的25.9%降低到了13.6% .通过系统取样分析发现优化后中间包内 T. O 和 N 含量大幅降低,正常坯中的大型夹杂物质量分数也由原来的8.4×10-7降低到3.2×10-7 .     

兴澄特钢中间包结构优化

以兴澄特钢连铸中间包为工程背景,根据相似原理建立了中间包水模型系统,研究了4流不同结构的中间包的流体流动特性.研究表明:原结构的中间包同一侧的两流之间的流体流动特性存在很大差异,与内侧流相比,外侧流的最小停留时间、峰值时间小,死区体积大,造成中间包内钢液温度不均匀,夹杂物不能有效地上浮去除,不能很好地满足高质量特钢生产的要求.采用优化后的挡墙和坝组合的中间包控流装置,外侧和内侧的停留时间分布趋于一致,表明外侧流和内侧流之间流动特性相近.中间包结构优化后平均死区百分数由原结构的58.2%降低到10.9%.     

Fluid flow in large-capacity horizontal continuous casting tundishes

The configuration of the tundish for a two-strand horizontal continuous caster was designed and optimized through water modeling. Three designs of the tundish were studied: the original tundish without any flow control devices, the tundish with a turbulence inhibitor at the bottom, and the tundish with an inlet launder and an inclined dam. The residence time, the location and size of the dead zone, and the fluid field pattern were investigated. At the same time, the asymmetry flow field and wavy inlet jet in the horizontal tundish were observed and the reasons for them were discussed. The results indicate that the tundish with an inlet launder and an inclined dam is the best of the three designs.     

Water modeling of molten steel flow in a multi-strand tundish with gas blowing

Fluid flow characteristics in a four-strand tundish with gas blowing were studied by water modeling experiments. It is found that gas blowing can greatly improve the flow characteristics in the tundish with a turbulence inhibitor. It dramatically increases the peak concentration time, and greatly decreases the dead volume, and reduces the minimum residence time. The gas blowing location, gas flow rate, and porous plug area greatly influence the flow characteristics in the tundish; the gas blowing location near the baffle, smaller gas flow rate, and smaller porous plug area are better for improving the fluid flow characteristics. Using gas blowing can reduce the difference of flows at the middle outlets and side outlets for the multi-strand tundish. Bubbles produced by gas blowing can absorb small inclusions and provide the condition for inclusion collision and aggregation. Therefore, introducing gas blowing into a tundish and combining the turbulence inhibitor can improve inclusion floating and removal, and the cleanness of molten steel can be advanced.     

连铸中间包底吹气过程水模型实验研究

以宝钢集团梅山钢厂1台连铸中间包为原型,采用自行设计的吹气装置于底部吹气,用水模型的方法研究了吹气对中间包过程的影响。实验结果表明,底部吹气显著地改变了中间包内的流体流动特征;当不吹气时,通过上挡板下部的液流以层流形式贴近中间包的底部流动,然后从出口直接流出,在中间包的停留时间较短,死区体积较大,不利于夹杂物的去除;吹气以后,上升的气流起到了气幕挡墙的作用,通过上挡板下部的液流,被上升的气流抬起,贴近液面流动;吹气有利于增加平均停留时间,缩小中间包的死区体积,此外,上升的气流对中间包的液流具有一定的清洗作用,有利于夹杂物的去除;吹气用于中间包去夹杂过程,不需要较大气体流量。在气体流量相同时,在水模型实验装置中3个位置吹气对中间包的平均停留时间、中间包的死区体积分数、最短平均停留时间的影响大致相同,但总体上,中间位置的吹气效果要好于其他2个位置的吹气效果。     

Optimization of flow control devices in a single-strand slab continuous casting tundish

The optimization of flow control devices in a single-slab continuous casting tundish was carried out by physical modeling, and the optimized scheme was presented. With the optimal tundish configuration, the minimum residence time of liquid steel was increased by 1.4 times, the peak concentration time was increased by 97%, and the dead volume fraction was decreased by 72%. A mathematical model for molten steel in the tundish was established by using the fluid dynamics package Fluent. The velocity field, concentration field, and the residence time distribution (RTD) curves of molten steel flow before and after optimization were obtained. Experimental results showed that the reasonable configuration with flow control devices can improve the fluid flow characteristics in the tundish. The results of industrial application show that the nonmetallic inclusion area ratio in casting slabs is decreased by 32% with the optimal tundish configuration.     

Numerical investigation of the effect of transitory strand opening on mixing in a multistrand tundish

In a multistrand, the outlet near the inlet produces short circuiting flow. This leads to the formation of dead zones inside the tundish, and consequently, the mean residence time decreases. In the present study, numerical investigation of mixing inside a delta shaped tundish with sloping boundaries was carried out by solving the Navier-Stokes equation and employing the standard turbulence model. To decrease the dead zone volume inside the tundish, the effect of closing the outlet near the inlet for a small amount of time and further opening it on the mixing behavior of the tundish was studied. The outlets near the inlet were closed for varying amount of time, and the transient analysis of fluid flow and the tracer dispersion study were carried out to find the mixing parameters of the tundish, namely, mean residence time and the ratio of mixed to dead volume of the tundish. An optimum closure time of the near outlet has been found, which yields best mixing inside the tundish. The numerical code was validated against the experimental observation by performing the tracer dispersion study inside a multistrand tundish and the reasonably good match between the experimental and numerical results in terms of residence time distribution (RTD) curves. The results obtained from the present study confirm the strong role of choosing the right time for opening and closing the outlets to get improved characteristics for the fluid flow and mixing behavior of the tundish. The educational version of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software PHOENICS was used to solve the governing equations and interpret the results in different forms.     

基于RTD曲线连铸中间包优化设计数值模拟

为了优化连铸中间包内型,采用数值模拟方法计算钢液在连铸中间包内的停留时间分布(RTD),并通过RTD曲线分析了连铸中间包内挡坝高度和位置对其钢液流场的影响.结果表明,结构优化后的连铸中间包钢液流场趋于合理,死区体积分数由原始方案的17.62%降至13.29%,且钢液在连铸中间包内的停留时间变化不大.     

水平连铸中间包流动特性的模拟研究

浇注过程中钢水在中间包内的流动特性对中间包的设计、工艺操作和铸坯质量都有重要影响。本文结合马钢水平连铸7.5t中间包,模拟研究了中间包内液体流动行为和平均停留时间分布规律。在生产中应用结果证明对夹杂物的去除有明显的效果。     

新型中间包结构数学模拟

为了延长钢水在中间包内的停留时间、减少卷渣和改善夹杂物的上浮排出,提高铸坯的质量,通过对中间包结构发展的分析,提出了新型中间包结构——导流隔墙和导流管结合。同时,应用FLUENT软件对新型的中间包结构进行了数学模拟,计算了新型中间包结构内的钢液流动。结果表明,新型中间包结构内钢液流动合理,有利于中间包内夹杂物的上浮排除。     

连铸中间包内夹杂物去除行为的物理模拟

通过选择乳状液滴模拟夹杂物和连铸中间包物理模型实验,考察了换钢包过程中,中间包初始液面高度、长水口注入流量及控流装置对中间包内夹杂物去除行为的影响规律.结果表明:中间包初始液面高度从工作液面的1/4到3/4过程中夹杂物去除率提高较快,3/4工作液面为较理想的换钢包操作液面;夹杂物的去除率随长水口注入流量的增加而增大,注入流量超过2.5m3h-1时,夹杂物去除效果明显改善;挡墙挡坝组合控流装置的去夹杂效果较无控流装置有明显改善,在此基础上加入抑湍器后,去夹杂效果明显改善.     

电磁净化中间包传输特性的水模拟

为了得到电磁净化中间包中流体的流动及传输特性,以及旋转运动在中间包净化钢液中所起的作用,采用中间包物理模拟方法,对电磁净化中间包中不同控流装置配置和旋转速度下的停留时间分布曲线进行了测试,并对流场进行了显示实验.结果表明:电磁净化中间包圆形腔中的旋转运动能够减小中间包中滞留区分数,增加活塞区比例,同时增长平均停留时间,有利于中间包内夹杂物的去除;但旋转速度不是越高越好,存在一个最佳值.