厚冲积层下厚煤层开采地表移动特征

根据山东厚冲层、厚煤层矿区分层开采三个地表岩移观测资料,分析了同一工作面分层开采地表参数变化规律,及地表岩移参数与采深之间的定量关系式,探讨了地表破坏形态及产生的原因。这些由多个工作面地表移动观测站实测求得的地表移动规律,对厚冲积层、厚煤层“三下”开采设计具有重大指导作用。     

厚松散层下开采覆岩及地表移动变形规律试验研究

煤炭开采保障了我国能源供应,同时也因采空造成了地表变形沉降。针对厚松散层下开采覆岩及地表移动变形问题,依托兖州矿区某庄煤矿地质背景,采用模型试验,监测研究了采动过程中地表及各层覆岩移动变形指标的变化规律,探索了采掘结束后的持续变形阶段,指出受采动影响松散层压缩导致的移动变形值在整体移动变形上占比增大;在煤层采厚2.2m条件下,观测获得采后地表的最大下沉值为1447.6mm,最大水平移动值为394.6mm。研究结果对矿区工程建设用地及线路规划选址具有一定的实用意义。     

北票矿区地表移动规律初步探讨

本文用PC—1500计算机计算求取了北票矿区急倾斜开采的地表移动和变形参数,并对北票矿区地表移动观测进行了综合分析,从中得出了北票矿区地表移动和变形参数与地质采矿条件之间的关系.     

巨厚黄土层地表采动变形特点

论述了地下开采引起厚黄土层地表变形同其它地区与之具有相同或类似的地质采矿条件且地表有较厚冲积层情况的变形相比所具有的不同特点。     

西北厚黄土层矿区地表移动预计方法

针对西北矿区地表为巨厚黄土层的特性，将上覆地层分为岩层和土层两种不同介质，应用随机介质理论建立此类矿区地表移动预计的数学模型，并提出模型的解算方法及预计参数的确定方法。对预计模型的评价及应用表明，该方法可以较好地解决厚黄土层矿区地表移动的预计问题。     

受断层影响地表移动规律的研究

在建立了地表移动观测站及现场观测的基础上，对云盖山煤矿地表移动观测站观测资料进行系统的计算和分析，得出了该区域地质采矿条件下地表移动变形规律及有关参数。并研究分析了该区域在断层影响下地表移动和变形规律的特殊性及其形成原因。为本矿区及类似条件下“三下“采煤技术的研究提供了可靠的理论依据。     

开采沉陷动态分析方法研究

以矿区实测数据为例,分析了绘制地表移动变形曲线的理论和方法,采用V B调用Matrix进行程序开发,不仅使软件功能强大,而且程序设计变得简单可靠,界面完善.实现了矿区地表移动变形值的快速求解,从而达到了对地下开采造成的地表移动变形的直观性描述.     

厚黄土层矿区采动失水引起的地表沉降计算方法

西部厚黄土层覆盖矿区的采煤沉陷具有特殊性处于地下水位以下的饱和黄土层在开采沉陷过程中产生失水固结变形,将引起地表发生明显的附加沉降以渭北黄土覆盖矿区条件为模型,根据地下水位下降曲面特征分析了采动饱和黄土层失水固结的土力学机理,提出了采动黄土层压缩量的计算方法利用随机介质理论建立了采动黄土层失水固结引起的地表附加沉陷变形的计算模型实例计算表明,开采沉陷区黄土层的失水固结导致地表发生较大的沉陷,这种附加变形增大了地表变形程度和移动影响范围,对地面建筑物的保护造成不利影响     

厚黄土覆盖层采动破坏数值模拟研究

蒲白矿务局西固镇下煤层开采是复杂条件的建筑物下厚黄土覆盖层开采。针对矿区开采的复杂地质、采矿条件和建筑群受采空区影响的问题,运用FLAC3D数值模拟预计、影响函数仿真模拟和相似材料模拟进行分析,确定了开采方案及相关参数。结果表明,运用变条带协调开采方案可以有效地控制地表移动和变形,从而保证了地表建筑物的正常使用和矿区的安全生产,为同类厚黄土覆盖层矿区控制开采沉陷灾害提供了可靠科学依据。     

采动地表动态沉陷的流变特性

大量的开采实践证明，采动上覆岩层的一定范围及地表的移动变形具有流变特性，这种特性是地表动态移动变形的主导因素。作者以Knothe理论为基础，通过Zero模型，建立覆岩移动变形的流变模型，分析地表动态移动变形特性，给出地表动态下沉盆地的移动变形预计理论及其参数。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.