影响膜生物反应器同步硝化反硝化因素研究

通过控制膜生物反应器(MBR)中溶解氧(DO)浓度、碳氮比(C/N)、污泥浓度(MLSS)和水力停留时间(HRT)等摸索了实现同步硝化反硝化的工艺条件,同时对好氧反应器中实现同步硝化反硝化的机理进行了探讨.化学需氧量(COD)在250 mg/L左右,C/N为10～30∶1,MLSS为5 g/L,HRT为5.0 h,DO为0.6～0.8 mg/L时,总氮去除率达86.0%,取得了良好的总氮去除效果,表明由于好氧反应器中缺氧区的存在,控制好操作条件可以实现同步硝化反硝化.体系中氨氮、硝态氮浓度的变化与总氮去除的关系说明短程反硝化现象的存在,而且在实现同步硝化反硝化过程中发挥着重要的作用.     

间歇式反应器亚硝化颗粒污泥培养试验

在间歇式反应器(SBR)中经20d驯化后,普通消化污泥具有亚硝化功能.然后接种厌氧颗粒污泥,控制反应条件:温度21 ℃,pH7.5～8.5,溶解氧(DO)质量浓度0.5～1.0 mg/L, 25 d后完成厌氧颗粒污泥向好氧亚硝化颗粒污泥的转变.好氧亚硝化颗粒污泥具有较好的脱氮效果,一个反应周期内氨氮(NH 4N)去除率达到91.4%,总氮(TN)去除率达到70.6%,亚硝酸盐氮与硝酸盐氮质量浓度比(ρ(NO-2N)/ρ(NO-3N))＞0.70,反应器实现了同步亚硝化反硝化.     

容积分配比对A2/O-生物接触氧化工艺反硝化除磷特性的影响

提出了一种新型的A2/O-生物接触氧化(A2/O-BCO)双污泥系统.该工艺通过在A2/O反应器中充分利用原水碳源,以BCO反应器完成硝化的NO-x-N为电子受体,实现稳定高效的反硝化除磷.考察了实际生活污水在A2/O反应器中不同容积分配比(厌氧/缺氧/好氧)对A2/O-BCO系统反硝化除磷特性的影响.结果表明:系统对有机物的去除具有较好的稳定性,且容积比的变化对COD的去除率影响不大;当容积比为2∶4∶1时,系统达到了较高的脱氮除磷效果,出水的TN和PO3-4-P浓度分别为13.41和0.28 mg/L.通过氮平衡分析发现,BCO反应器存在同步硝化反硝化现象,同时厌氧氨氧化的发生也促进了氮损失.此外,A2/O反应器的好氧区对稳定出水PO3-4-P浓度发挥着重要作用,为了防止二次释磷,中间沉淀池的NO-x-N浓度应控制在1.95~2.75 mg/L.     

DO对膜生物反应器中同步硝化反硝化的影响

采用人工配制的生活污水作为原水,考察了在膜生物反应器(MBR)中不同溶解氧(DO)对于同步硝化反硝化效果的影响.结果表明,将试验条件控制在TN容积负荷为0.35 kgN/(m3*d)、HRT为6 h、SRT为30 d、pH为7～8、温度为25～28 ℃、C/N为9时:在反应器DO的质量浓度为0.6 mg/L条件下,可获得62.5%的NH+4 -N去除率、91.1%的反硝化率和58.3%的SND率;在反应器DO的质量浓度为1.0 mg/L条件下,可获得90.8%的NH+4-N去除率、90.4%的反硝化率和82.5%的SND率;在反应器DO的质量浓度为1.4 mg/L时,可获得93.3%的NH+4-N去除率、77.0%的反硝化率和72.1%的SND率.     

高MLSS条件下A~2/O工艺处理低碳城市污水的研究

对比研究了常规与高MLSS(混合液悬浮固体浓度)条件下,A~2/O(厌氧—缺氧—好氧)工艺对低碳城市污水中有机物的去除效率和脱氮、除磷的效率.结果表明:常规MLSS条件下,由于废水中碳源不足影响了缺氧段的反硝化效率,导致部分时段出水总氮质量浓度超标.提高A~2/O工艺的MLSS达到(5 000±500)mg/L,有机物去除效果基本不变,但出水总氮质量浓度明显下降(均值达到9.5mg/L),且好氧段硝化效果轻微增强.但受高MLSS条件下污泥龄长导致污泥产量低的影响,除磷效果下降,出水总氮升高.继续降低好氧段DO(溶解氧)浓度,并不会影响高MLSS条件下A~2/O工艺的硝化和反硝化效果.     

低碳源下序列间歇式活性污泥法中反硝化除磷菌培养及驯化研究

采集某城市污水处理厂的A/O工艺回流活性污泥作为污泥样品,利用SBR反应器,以硝酸盐为电子受体,在低碳源下,培养和驯化反硝化除磷菌。第一阶段采用厌氧/好氧/沉淀/排水的运行方式10周期,第二阶段采用厌氧/好氧/缺氧/好氧/沉淀/排水运行方式40周期。反硝化脱氮除磷性能的测试结果表明,经培养驯化得到的反硝化除磷菌处理低碳源废水,PO43--P的去除率达96%,出水浓度稳定在0.4 mg/L以下;NH4+-N去除率达78%,出水浓度稳定在3 mg/L以下;COD的去除率达86%,出水浓度稳定在20 mg/L以下;表明采用SBR反应器进行反硝化菌的培养驯化是可行的。     

游离氨对晚期垃圾渗滤液短程硝化影响

利用SBR反应器,探讨了不同溶解氧(DO)浓度和污泥浓度条件下,游离氨(FA)对晚期垃圾渗滤短程硝化过程的影响.试验结果发现,当DO浓度从0.5 mg/L增加到0.75 mg/L时,最大氨氧化速率有较大的增加,且较高的亚硝酸菌活性可以减弱FA对其的抑制作用,FA对硝酸菌的抑制浓度约为4.2～8.1 mg/L;限制DO实现短程硝化比控制FA更为稳定;污泥浓度也是短程硝化的重要影响因素之一,当DO浓度控制在0.75 mg/L时,较佳的污泥浓度约为6 800～8 100 mg/L.此时亚硝酸菌活性较强,且由于FA在污泥絮体内的扩散限制,亚硝酸菌可"适应"更高的FA浓度.图5,表2,参10.     

溶解氧对垃圾压缩站废水同时硝化反硝化脱氮的影响

溶解氧（DO）含量是实现同时硝化反硝化生物脱氮的关键因素之一.文中采用同时好氧厌氧生物反应器（SOA）,对反应器内不同DO含量下垃圾压缩站废水中氨氮（NH4＋-N）,CODcr和总氮（TN）含量随时间的变化情况进行了考察.发现DO含量对反应器内CODcr,NH4＋-N和TN的去除效率和效果均有较大的影响.在DO含量（质量浓度,下同）为1.0mg/L时,反应器内的氨氮去除可分为快速和慢速两个阶段.在DO含量为0.5 mg/L时反应器内出现好氧区和厌氧区平衡状态,同时硝化反硝化脱氮效果最佳.反应器内可能存在一定的厌氧氨氧化脱氮过程.     

短程硝化反应器的快速启动与运行特性

为了探讨快速启动和运行特性,以硝化污泥接种序批式反应器,在纯自养条件下利用短程硝化处理高NH4 -N废水。实验结果表明,控制溶解氧(d isso led oxygen,DO)浓度为0.5 m g/L、游离氨浓度11.8~49.1 m g/L时,反应器的启动在第13 d完成。在曝气量为800 mL/m in时,利用pH与DO的变化趋势来判断氨氧化进程,控制每周期曝气时间为6.0 h,反应器稳定运行了101个周期。NH4 -N平均去除率为82.6%,NH4 -N去除负荷最大为0.97 kg/(m3.d),NO2--N平均累积率达97.2%,NO3--N浓度小于10 m g/L。在反应器中利用纯自养微生物可以长期稳定地实现短程硝化反应。     

多层纤维球生物滤池净化工厂化养殖循环水处理

针对传统工厂化循环水养殖系统能耗偏高、工艺复杂等缺点,研发了一种新型多层纤维球生物滤池反应器。该反应器实现了在零换水条件下去除SS和含氮污染物,同时达到高DO出水的效果。结果表明,实验室条件下,自然挂膜的方式使纤维球形成外部好氧、内部缺氧的环境,反应器可以同时完成硝化和反硝化过程。此外,分析了不同水循环率对反应器的影响。在水循环率为3次/d时:NH~+_4-N质量浓度降低到0.2 mg/L,去除率可达到96.15%;NO~-_3-N去除率稳定在70%左右;NO~-_2-N质量浓度低至0.1 mg/L,去除率高达95.82%;出水COD质量浓度降至4.0 mg/L,去除率达到60%以上;SS去除率高达100%。该反应器较好地实现了养殖废水的同步硝化和反硝化过程。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-