牛乳铁蛋白活性多肽LfcinB在大肠杆菌中的串联表达、纯化及生物活性分析

牛乳铁蛋白(LfcinB)是一种阳离子抗菌肽,具有抗细菌、抗肿瘤等多种生物学活性.本文探讨了利用SUMO(Small Ubiquitin-Related Modifier)融合标签在大肠杆菌系统中通过LfcinB串联表达策略制备重组LfcinB的方法.结果显示,大于90%的SUMO-(LfcinB)_n蛋白以可溶形式表达于BL21(DE3)细胞中;SUMO-(LfcinB)_2的表达量高于SUMO-LfcinB和SUMO-(LfcinB)_3.通过SUMO特异性蛋白酶切除SUMO标签,羟胺释放单体,得到纯化的重组LfcinB,产率约为15 mg/L.生物活性结果表明,重组LfcinB具有一定的抗菌和抗肿瘤活性.本研究为结合SUMO标签与串联表达策略大量制备获得具有生物学功能的重组抗菌肽提供了一种有效的方法.     

人脂联素在大肠杆菌中的可溶性表达

为了提高重组人脂联素在大肠杆菌中的可溶性,构建和表达了增溶标签与人脂联素的融合表达栽体.这些标签包括大肠杆茵硫氧还蛋白和NusA蛋白、酿酒酵母SUMO蛋白和噬热海洋茵Thermotoga maritime 的红素氧还蛋白.结果显示,所有的人脂联素融合蛋白在大肠杆茵中都获得了高水平的表达,但可溶性存在很大差异,说明不同融合标签对人脂联素可溶性表达的促进作用不同.其中,红素氧还蛋白与SUMO蛋白组合一起对人脂联素可溶性的增强作用最为显著,其相应的融合蛋白几乎全部可溶.另外,通过酵母SUMO/Ulp1反应,经His标签亲和层析纯化得到的人脂联素融合蛋白能被有效酶切,加工为人脂联素成熟肽产物.     

大肠杆菌系列融合表达载体的构建

许多异源蛋白在大肠杆菌内的表达是以不可溶、无生物学活性的包涵体形式存在,这为蛋白质的功能研究带来困难.融合表达是提高蛋白可溶性的有效方案之一.为构建通用型融合表达载体,本研究将5种常见的融合标签即突变型麦芽糖结合蛋白(mMBP)、小分子泛素样修饰蛋白(SUMO)、翻译起始因子(IF2-I)、氮源利用物质A(NusA)和谷胱甘肽转移酶(GST)以及3种伴侣蛋白(GroEL、DnaK和TF)分别克隆至pET30a(+),构建了系列融合表达载体.这些载体含有相同的克隆位点以及位于融合标签羧基端的烟草蚀刻病毒蛋白酶(TEV)的酶切位点.N-乙酰-D-葡萄糖胺2-异构酶基因hRnBP克隆到mMBP融合表达载体后,经IPTG诱导,SDS-PAGE检测表明融合蛋白均得到了高效表达且几乎完全可溶,TEV酶切获得了预期的带型.全细胞偶联生成N-乙酰-D-神经氨酸实验发现mMBP-hRnBP的摩尔转化率较无mMBP标签的体系提高了近60%,证明了融合表达载体中融合标签的适用性.新型的原核融合表达载体为蛋白的融合表达、分离纯化及功能研究提供了更多的选择.     

植物乳杆菌Lactobacillu plantarumY1菌株胆盐水解酶基因(bsh)的克隆及重组表达

经同源蛋白比对分析设计引物,PCR 扩增获得植物乳杆菌Y1菌株bsh基因(975bp),首先克隆至表达载体pET-28a,转化E. coli BL21(DE3)菌株,IPTG 诱导表达,SDS-PAGE分析结果显示表达的重组蛋白为包涵体.选择能为大肠杆菌稀有密码子提供额外tRNA 的E. coli Rosetta(DE3)作为宿主菌,仍旧没有改善表达产物的可溶性.但是,选择含IF2融合蛋白标签的pLS-IF2质粒构建表达载体,SDS-PAGE分析及Western blot 鉴定结果显示表达的融合重组蛋白IF2-BSH具有可溶性.该结果为进一步研究乳酸菌胆盐水解酶的生物活性,结构功能关系的研究奠定了基础.     

人RACK1基因的克隆及原核表达

克隆人RACK1基因,构建原核表达载体pET-30a(+)-RACK1,诱导表达重组蛋白,纯化后Western blot鉴定目的蛋白.根据GeneBank提供的RACK1基因序列及pET-30a(+)载体上的多克隆位点设计引物,以人胎肝cDNA文库为模板,钓取RACK1cDNA全长序列.将目的片段与原核表达载体pET-30a(+)连接,转入E.coli DH5α感受态细胞,筛选阳性克隆.将测序正确的重组质粒转入E.coli BL21(DE3)细胞,IPTG诱导表达,利用镍柱对表达的蛋白进行纯化,Western blot法检测纯化的蛋白.结果显示,克隆得到的目的基因序列与GeneBank中已报道的序列完全一致,成功构建了pET-30a(+)-RACK1原核表达载体.重组蛋白主要以包涵体形式存在,经镍离子亲和层析柱纯化后,Western blot检测证实纯化的蛋白能与特异性的抗体发生反应.本研究获得了人RACK1蛋白,为深入研究RACK1的功能奠定基础.     

菠菜43 kD叶绿素a结合蛋白编码基因克隆及原核表达条件优化

将菠菜43 kD叶绿素结合蛋白编码基因亚克隆至原核表达载体pET-28a上,构建重组表达质粒pET-28a-psbC转化感受态E.coli BL21(DE3),经IPTG诱导实现了外源基因的可溶性表达.探讨了含组氨酸标签融合蛋白的最佳表达条件(包括表达单克隆、时间、温度对表达的影响).利用Ni2+-Sepharose 4 Fast Flow亲合层析纯化出His-apo CP43蛋白.体外重组实验证实 His-apo CP43能特异结合叶绿素a,经过温和电泳分离纯化所得体外重组色素蛋白复合物具有与提取自类囊体膜的天然CP43相似(但不完全相同)的荧光特性.     

布鲁氏菌磷酸葡萄糖变位酶基因的原核表达与鉴定

对布鲁氏菌磷酸葡萄糖变位酶(pgm)蛋白进行了表达与纯化,为研究该基因的功能提供了物质基础。首先利用PCR方法从羊种布鲁氏菌基因组DNA中PCR法扩增pgm基因,并将该基因亚克隆至pET-28a(+)载体中,转化入大肠杆菌(DE3),诱导表达融合蛋白;表达产物经Ni-NTA Agarose亲和层析纯化后,进行SDS-PAGE和Western blot分析。结果显示:扩增了pgm的全基因,成功构建了布鲁氏菌pgm基因的原核表达载体pET-28a(+)-pgm,并且在大肠杆菌中进行了表达,经Western blot鉴定,该蛋白可以与布鲁氏菌免疫血清产生特异性结合反应,且具有良好的免疫反应性。本研究为进一步研究布鲁氏菌pgm蛋白的生物学功能提供基础物质,也为进一步开发基因工程疫苗提供理论基础。     

毛冠鹿AIF-1原核载体的构建及表达

从毛冠鹿睾丸cDNA文库中筛选出毛冠鹿AIF-1基因,对其进行生物信息学分析,设计引物克隆毛冠鹿AIF-1 cDNA,连入pMD19-T载体,测序正确后酶切,与表达载体pET-28a(+)连接,转化E.coli BL21(DE3),IPTG诱导表达,将诱导表达重组蛋白的菌体超声破碎后,进行可溶性分析,并对可溶性蛋白进行纯化,SDSPAGE电泳,Western Blot分析以及鉴定重组蛋白.结果表明,毛冠鹿AIF-1(TdAIF-1)含有1个438bp的开放阅读框,编码145个氨基酸,经测序和酶切鉴定后,成功构建重组质粒pET-28a(+)-TdAIF-1,表达大小约20 kD的重组蛋白,主要以可溶形式存在,提高洗脱缓冲液中咪唑浓度至50 mmol/L、100 mmol/L能够得到较纯的蛋白.成功构建毛冠鹿AIF-1原核表达体系,获得重组蛋白,为研究AIF-1蛋白的生物学功能奠定了基础.     

毛冠鹿AIF-1原核载体的构建及表达

从毛冠鹿睾丸cDNA文库中筛选出毛冠鹿AIF-1基因,对其进行生物信息学分析,设计引物克隆毛冠鹿AIF-1 cDNA,连入pMD19-T载体,测序正确后酶切,与表达载体pET-28a(+)连接,转化E.coli BL21(DE3),IPTG诱导表达,将诱导表达重组蛋白的菌体超声破碎后,进行可溶性分析,并对可溶性蛋白进行纯化,SDSPAGE电泳,Western Blot分析以及鉴定重组蛋白.结果表明,毛冠鹿AIF-1(TdAIF-1)含有1个438bp的开放阅读框,编码145个氨基酸,经测序和酶切鉴定后,成功构建重组质粒pET-28a(+)-TdAIF-1,表达大小约20 kD的重组蛋白,主要以可溶形式存在,提高洗脱缓冲液中咪唑浓度至50 mmol/L、100 mmol/L能够得到较纯的蛋白.成功构建毛冠鹿AIF-1原核表达体系,获得重组蛋白,为研究AIF-1蛋白的生物学功能奠定了基础.     

瑞氏木霉内切葡聚糖酶Ⅱ在大肠杆菌中的重组表达及重组酶性质测定

将不含信号肽的瑞氏木霉内切葡聚糖酶II(Cel5A)的cDNA克隆到pET-28a(+)表达质粒上,与其N末端6个组氨酸标签序列融合,构建成pET-28a(+)-egl2表达质粒,在大肠杆菌BL21 (DE3)中诱导表达.利用低温诱导策略,成功表达出活性重组蛋白.Western blot 结果显示重组Cel5A相对分子分量大约为43 000.进一步对重组Cel5A进行Ni-NTA亲和层析柱纯化并对其进行酶学性质测定,结果显示以羧甲基纤维素钠为作用底物时重组酶最适作用pH为4.5,最适作用温度为60℃;重组酶热稳定性较好,在65℃及以下保温1.5 h,活性仍相当稳定.Mn2+对Cel5A的酶活有促进作用,Fe3+和Cu2+有抑制作用,其它金属离子和EDTA对酶活没有明显影响.底物特异性研究表明,重组Cel5A只能水解混合键葡聚糖和羧甲基纤维素钠,对混合键葡聚糖的水解能力是其对羧甲基纤维素钠水解能力的6.7倍,但对微晶纤维素、Glass microfiber filters、木聚糖、阿拉伯木聚糖和木葡聚糖没有水解作用.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-