不同葡萄品种光合特性研究

以10个葡萄品种为材料,用Li-6400便携式光合仪测定葡萄叶片的净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率、叶温等参数。结果表明:10个葡萄品种的净光合速率、气孔导度、胞间CO2浓度、蒸腾速率、叶温等参数差异显著。藤捻、维多利亚具有较高的净光合速率、气孔导度、叶绿素含量等特性,二者胞间CO2浓度均明显低于当地主栽品种。     

温室环境对观赏凤梨叶片光合日变化的影响

试验以观赏凤梨"星光"品种为材料,通过测定其不同部位叶片光照强度、净光合速率、蒸腾速率、胞间CO_2浓度、气孔导度的日变化,分析北方温室内光照强度日变化规律对观赏凤梨的影响。结果表明:温室观赏凤梨不同部位叶片的光照强度呈单峰型变化,但其不同部位叶片的净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度及胞间CO_2浓度的日变化与其并不相同。观赏凤梨中上部叶片净光合速率的差异主要是由气孔导度决定的,而下部叶片净光合速率的主要影响因素则是光照强度。观赏凤梨植株中部叶片的活动最为活跃,因此,上午10:00时的温室环境是其光合作用的最佳时间。     

淹水胁迫对浙江种源鹅掌楸光合特征的影响

不同淹水时间处理下,浙江种源鹅掌楸叶片光合特征的变化为:淹水处理2 h后,鹅掌楸叶片的气孔导度、净光合速率、蒸腾速率略有增加;淹水24 h后,叶片的气孔导度、净光合速率、蒸腾速率则大幅度下降;淹水处理48 h后,3个指标达到最低值,与对照相比,降幅均在80%以上.这表明淹水时间越长,胁迫对鹅掌楸光合作用和蒸腾作用的抑制作用越严重.而胞间CO2浓度变化不同:淹水24 h前下降;淹水48 h后则大幅度增加.相关分析结果表明,净光合速率与气孔导度、蒸腾速率与气孔导度均呈显著正相关关系.     

4个大麦品种旗叶光合特性与农艺性状关系的研究

为研究不同大麦品种光合特性与产量之间的关系,选用4个产量差异显著的春性大麦品种在灌浆期测定了旗叶光合速率、气孔导度、胞间CO2浓度和蒸腾速率,分析了旗叶光合特性和农艺性状之间的关系。结果表明：光合速率与主要农业性状间不存在显著的正相关联系,甚至光合速率与产量性状呈显著负相关。因此,选育高光效的春性大麦品种只用光合速率作为选择指标是不够全面的。     

北美冬青光合作用日变化特征及其与生理生态因子的关系

为揭示北美冬青光合作用日变化规律及其影响因子,采用美国LI-COR公司生产的LI-6400XT便携式光合测量系统测定了北美冬青叶片光合作用及生理生态因子的日变化过程.结果表明,郑州地区引种的北美冬青,其净光合速率和气孔导度的日变化呈"双峰"型曲线,在11:00和15:00达到峰值,13:00达到最小值,光合作用存在明显的"午休现象".蒸腾速率为"单峰"型,而胞间CO_2浓度呈U型曲线.北美冬青光合作用的各生理生态因子的相关性分析表明,气孔导度与净光合速率显著负相关,对净光合速率起决定作用;蒸腾速率和胞间CO_2浓度对光合作用显著正相关;光合有效辐射、大气温度与净光合速率呈不显著的正相关关系.     

磷胁迫对澳洲坚果幼苗叶片光合作用的影响

以2a生澳洲坚果幼苗为试验材料，研究不同磷水平下澳洲坚果叶片的光合特性．结果表明：在磷胁迫条件下，澳洲坚果叶片中叶绿素a、叶绿素b、总叶绿素含量以及叶绿素a与叶绿素b的比值均显著下降；净光合速率、气孔导度和水分利用效率降低，而胞间CO2浓度和蒸腾速率升高．     

重穗型杂交稻的产量及一些生理生化特性研究

以18个不同穗重型籼稻品种为材料，研究了重穗型杂交稻的产量及一些主要的生理生化特性。结果表明，重穗型杂交稻具有更高产量潜力，其高产主要依赖于大“库”、籽粒的正常充实使单穗重大幅度提高。后期LAI的适当降低、高效叶面积率的增加、根、叶不早衰和净光合速率的提高是其“源”足的主要因素。齐穗后重穗型杂交稻剑叶的净光合速率明显高于中、轻穗型品种的机理是剑叶Rubisco活性的提高及叶绿素含量的增加；具有在高、低光强、高温和低CO2浓度下对C02有较强的同化能力的优势，光合“午休”现象较轻，能保持较高的净光合速率，显示其对环境有较强的适应性；气孔性状优良、气孔开度积（单位面积上的气孔密度乘以其气孔开度）大也是重穗型杂交稻净光合速率高的重要气孔因素。重穗型杂交稻抽穗后物质积累优势明显，且茎鞘物质向穗部的转运量、转运率和转化率也均远高于中、轻穗型品种。     

重庆石灰岩地区十大功劳(Mahonia fortunei) 的光合响应研究

运用开放式气体交换CI-310便携式光合作用测定系统,研究了重庆石灰岩地区适生灌木十大功劳(Mahonia fortunei)的光合光响应特性.结果表明十大功劳的净光合速率对光合有效辐射的响应模型为二次曲线方程;蒸腾速率对光的响应模型为一次线性方程;气孔导度对光的响应趋势基本与光合速率一致;胞间CO2浓度的响应趋势与净光合速率恰好相反.净光合速率、蒸腾速率、胞间CO2浓度均与气孔导度有较强的线性关系.十大功劳的光补偿点为61 μmol·m-2·s-1,光饱和点为1 725 μmol·m-2·s-1,为典型的阳性植物,有较高的水分利用效率,但以牺牲光能利用效率为代价.这些光合响应特性是与石灰岩地区的生境相适应的.     

北京城市绿地三种常见林木冠层光合作用特征

城市公园绿化树种的选择需要观测数据的支持,毛白杨、垂柳、白蜡是北京最常见的主要树种,因此夏季晴天在北京市海淀公园林地使用便携式光合作用测量系统LI-6400观测自然光照条件下上述3种林木冠层叶片的净光合速率、蒸腾速率、胞间CO_2浓度、气孔导度等光合生理指标,分析其日变化规律及影响因素。结果表明,净光合速率与蒸腾速率日变化趋势呈现单峰型或双峰型曲线,净光合速率、蒸腾速率的最高峰值分别在17. 0～22. 0μmol CO_2/(m~2·s)和1. 8～2. 3 mmol H_2O/(m~2·s)。毛白杨和白蜡光合参数的日均值相差不大,但毛白杨和白蜡的净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度日均值均高于垂柳的日均值,胞间CO_2浓度日均值低于垂柳的日均值。林地冠层叶片的净光合速率与蒸腾速率呈显著的正相关关系(P 0. 05);净光合速率和蒸腾速率与气孔导度、光合有效辐射呈显著的正相关关系,此外净光合速率与胞间CO_2浓度呈显著的负相关关系。毛白杨和白蜡具有较强的光合作用能力,更适用于城市绿化。     

干旱环境下高温对胡杨光合作用的影响

在塔里木河下游3个地下水埋深(4.64 m,6.15 m,7.02 m)环境下,利用LI-6400便携式光合作用测定仪测定了胡杨叶片在适宜温度(27℃)和高温(39℃)下的净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(gs)、蒸腾速率(E)及胞间CO2浓度(Ci),比较了不同地下水埋深下胡杨光合作用对高温的响应.结果表明:在3个地下水埋深下高温都使得光合速率和气孔导度明显减少,并且在地下水埋深(7.02 m)较深处,高温使得光合速率和气孔导度的下降幅度也最大,这都说明干旱胁迫加强了高温对胡杨光合作用的负面效应.然而,在同一地下水埋深下,由于高温的影响,胡杨叶片的胞间CO2浓度并未随着净光合速率和气孔导度的下降而减少,其原因很可能是气孔发生了不均匀关闭.而叶片的蒸腾速率和饱和水汽压由于高温作用的影响都明显增加,并且在地下水埋深7.02 m处,高温引起蒸腾速率的增加幅度是最小的,这表明了气孔对干旱高温胁迫下胡杨的光合作用具有一定调节作用.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.