太极拳健身运动对免疫功能影响的研究进展

综述了从T淋巴细胞免疫系统、B淋巴免疫系统、补体(C3,C4)、NK细胞和IL-2等方面探讨太极拳健身运动对免疫功能影响的研究进展,以把握研究现状和前沿趋势,达到有利于发挥太极拳健身功能的目的.     

痰热清注射液对流感病毒感染小鼠免疫功能的影响

观察痰热清注射液对流感病毒FM1感染小鼠免疫功能的影响,并探讨其作用机制.采用流感病毒FM1感染小鼠模型,设正常对照组、模型组、利巴韦林阳性药物组、痰热清注射液大、中、小剂量组.分别用MTT法、淋巴母细胞法、巨噬细胞NO2-释放法、ELISA法测定T及B淋巴细胞的增殖功能I、L-2及IFN-γ的活性I、L-4及TNF-α浓度.痰热清注射液大、中、小剂量组明显增强流感病毒FM1感染小鼠的T,B淋巴细胞的增殖能力,并明显提高模型组T细胞培养上清中IL-2含量;痰热清注射液明显提高模型组肺匀浆中IFN-γ及IL-4含量,降低肺匀浆中TNF-α含量.痰热清注射液直接刺激T,B淋巴细胞的增殖,并通过细胞因子IL-2,IFN-γ,TNF-α等作用调控Th1与Th2细胞的平衡,增强机体的抗病毒免疫功能.     

小柴胡汤对免疫系统的作用

本文论述了近年来小柴胡汤对免疫系统的作用。其中包括:对单核-吞噬细胞系统的作用,对B细胞功能的作用,对T细胞功能的作用,诱导干扰素产生的作用。以期为今后药界同仁研究小柴胡汤对免疫系统的作用作一参考。     

虫草多糖的免疫调节作用及其抗肿瘤活性的研究

从吞噬细胞的吞噬活性、T与B淋巴细胞增殖、免疫球蛋白产生等方面对虫草多糖(CSP)的免疫调节活性进行了研究,发现CSP可以明显促进由LPS诱导的小鼠脾脏B淋巴细胞和由抗CD3诱导的小鼠脾脏T淋巴细胞的增殖,能明显提高LPS诱导的IgM的产生,但是对LPS诱导的IgA的产生却没有影响.CSP对IgG亚型表现出不同的作用,它能明显抑制IgG2a的产生,而对IgG1的影响与剂量有关,剂量为25 mg/L时能促进IgG1的产生(P<0.001),但是,剂量在50 mg/L以上时则表现明显的抑制效应.本文还对CSP的抗肿瘤作用进行了研究,发现它可以降低S180细胞的增殖活性,明显抑制S180实体瘤的生长.     

免疫机制在心肌炎发生、发展中的作用

免疫机制在心肌炎发病机制中有着重要的作用．心肌炎发病时，外周血中淋巴细胞及其亚群发生明显改变，外周血淋巴细胞活化标志的表达亦呈现规律性变化，急性期既有T细胞免疫功能活性增加，也有B细胞免疫功能活性增加，而随着病人的康复，免疫功能活性则下降．心肌炎发病时细胞因子的平衡受损主要表现为细胞因子IL-1，IL-6和TNF-α，IL-2和干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)水平升高．可考虑将免疫调节制剂用于该疾病的治疗。     

γ-射线辐照预处理对酶解魔芋葡甘聚糖体内外抗肿瘤活性的影响

为研究60Coγ-射线辐照预处理对酶解魔芋葡甘聚糖片段体内、外抗肿瘤活性的影响,将魔芋精粉经60Coγ-射线辐照后加β-甘露聚糖酶酶解(KF2),与未辐照预处理的酶解物(KF1)通过体内、外抑瘤实验,研究KF1、KF2对Hela细胞体外生长的抑制作用及对EAC腹水癌小鼠的体内抑瘤率、存活期、脾脏指数、胸腺指数、腹腔巨噬细胞活性的影响.结果表明:γ-射线辐照预处理使KGM酶解更彻底;随着KF1、KF2浓度及培养时间的增加,He-la细胞存活率逐渐降低,且KF2作用高于KF1;KF1、KF2对EAC腹水癌小鼠脏器指数及腹腔吞噬细胞活性均有不同程度的增强作用,移植性实体瘤抑瘤率增大、且60Coγ射线辐照预处理过的KF2各项指标均高于KF1,表明60Coγ射线辐照预处理增强了KGM酶解产物的抗肿瘤活性.     

银耳多糖在肝癌治疗中的作用及相关机制的实验研究

目的研究银耳多糖(Tremella Polysaccharide TP)对荷HAC小鼠T细胞表面分化抗原、细胞因子、体外肿瘤细胞的杀伤作用及小鼠移植性肝癌的影响.方法用环磷酰胺和银耳多糖分别作用于荷HAC肝癌小鼠,采用免疫荧光法、流式细胞仪及酶标仪观察各组免疫功能的变化及细胞因子的表达,并分离其脾细胞,将诱导的细胞毒性T细胞(CTL细胞)分别作用于体外培养的3H-TdR标记的肿瘤细胞P815,HAC和B16,4 h后用γ-闪烁记数仪进行检测,并计算杀伤程度.检测各组肿瘤质量、体积、组织学改变和主要脏器的形态学改变.结果银耳多糖实验组总T细胞、T杀伤细胞及肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)高于对照组,其中对总T细胞及TNF上调明显.在对HAC,P815,B16肿瘤细胞的杀伤作用中,银耳多糖实验组的杀伤活性明显高于对照组,分别为23.85%,20.81%,25.43%,P<0.01,其中对B16杀伤作用最强,HAC次之,P815最弱.环磷酰胺 银耳多糖实验组上述指标与银耳多糖实验组相比有所下降,但与对照组相比则明显增高(P<0.05).治疗组肝肿瘤质量、体积均低于模型组.组织学上肿瘤坏死程度重且范围广,淋巴细胞、巨噬细胞浸润明显,纤维组织增生显著.环磷酰胺组较实验组表现的更为明显.银耳多糖实验组除脾脏外,其他主要脏器无明显形态学变化.结论银耳多糖具有激活和提高特异性和非特异性杀伤细胞的抗肿瘤作用,是一种能调节机体免疫功能、抑制肿瘤细胞增殖、分化的抗癌中药制剂.     

疣净灵对小鼠免疫功能的实验观察

本实验通过测定小白鼠腹腔吞噬细胞功能和末梢血中T淋巴细胞,证明纯中药制剂疣净灵能显著提高细胞免疫功能,与免疫增强剂左旋咪唑比较无显著性差异.     

紫外线对小鼠免疫功能影响的实验研究

为了研究紫外线对小鼠免疫功能的影响，我们分别用碳粒廓清法、血清半数溶血素、T淋巴细胞的增殖反应测定紫外线对小鼠的单核吞噬细胞、B、T淋巴细胞功能的影响．实验得出：适度紫外线可激活小鼠巨噬细胞、增加小鼠血清溶血素的含量、提高淋巴细胞的转化程度．可见紫外线具有增强机体免疫功能的能力．     

去乙酰化酶抑制剂TSA对间充质干细胞C3H10T1/2增殖和成脂分化的影响

采用MTT和流式细胞术分别检测不同浓度的TSA对C3H10T1/2细胞活性和细胞周期分布的影响;油红O染色检测TSA对其成脂分化的影响,实时定量PCR检测TSA对成脂分化的关键转录因子PPAR-γ,以及成脂分化标志物Fabp4和Adipoq mRNA转录的影响.研究去乙酰化酶抑制剂TSA对间充质干细胞C3H10T1/2增殖和成脂分化的影响及其可能的作用机制.结果显示TSA浓度为1、10和30 nmol/L呈浓度依赖性地抑制C3H10T1/2细胞活性,改变细胞形态,并将其细胞周期抑制在G0/G1期;TSA浓度为10nmol/L明显抑制C3H10T1/2细胞的成脂分化作用,并呈浓度依赖性地抑制PPAR-γ、Fabp4和Adipoq mRNA的转录.表明TSA呈剂量依赖性地抑制间充质干细胞C3H10T1/2的增殖和成脂分化,除转录水平调控外,非组蛋白如细胞骨架相关蛋白可能也参与TSA的抑制作用.     

Cloning of complementary DNA encoding T-cell replacing factor and identity with B-cell growth factor II

Proliferation and maturation of antigen-stimulated B cells are regulated by several soluble factors derived from macrophages and T cells. These soluble factors are functionally divided into two groups: B-cell growth factor (BCGF), thought to be involved in B-cell proliferation; and B-cell differentiation factor (BCDF), responsible for maturation of activated B cells into immunoglobulin-secreting cells. This classification needs to be re-examined in the light of the recent cloning of complementary DNA encoding IgG1 induction factor (interleukin-4, IL-4) from the 2.19 mouse T-cell line. Recombinant IL-4 has BCGF and BCDF activities and affects B cells, T cells and mast cells (refs 7, 8; our unpublished data). Another well-characterized B-cell factor is T-cell replacing factor (TRF), which, when secreted by the murine T-cell hybridoma B151K12, is defined by two activities: induction of IgM secretion by BCL1 leukaemic B-cell line; and induction of secondary anti-dinitrophenol (DNP) immunoglobulin G (IgG) synthesis in vitro by DNP-prime B cells. Although TRF from B151K12 was classified as BCDF, purified TRF has BCGF-II activity. To elucidate the molecular properties of TRF we isolated cDNA encoding TRF from the 2.19 T-cell line and report here the structure and multiple activities of this lymphokine.     

Cloning of cDNA encoding the murine IgG1 induction factor by a novel strategy using SP6 promoter

Complementary DNA encoding the IgG1 induction factor, the first lymphokine directed to B lymphocytes, from a murine T-cell line has been cloned using a new strategy. The putative primary amino-acid sequence was deduced from the nucleotide sequence determined. The lymphokine synthesized by the direction of this cloned cDNA has many other functions, such as production of B-cell growth factor-1 and induction of Ia on B cells.     

Accessory cell-dependent selection of specific T-cell functions

Activation of many T-cell functions depends on their interaction with antigen-presenting accessory cells which express I region associated (Ia) products. Cells expressing accessory cell function include those of the monocyte/macrophage lineage and dendritic cells. More recently, B cells and a number of tumour cell lines of macrophage or B-cell origin were shown to act as accessory cells in certain assays. We showed previously that normal peritoneal exudate macrophages (PEC) induced both T-cell proliferation as well as T-cell help, whereas various Ia+ tumour lines of macrophage or B-cell origin, although stimulating antigen-specific T-cell proliferation, did not significantly activate T-cell help. We report here that during the initial T-cell activation in vitro accessory cells (PEC or Ia+ tumour cells) select particular T cells to express previously determined functions. Moreover, some tumour cell lines induce suppressor T cells which inhibit helper activity.     

SAP is required for generating long-term humoral immunity

Long-lived plasma cells and memory B cells are the primary cellular components of long-term humoral immunity and as such are vitally important for the protection afforded by most vaccines. The SAP gene has been identified as the genetic locus responsible for X-linked lymphoproliferative disease, a fatal immunodeficiency. Mutations in SAP have also been identified in some cases of severe common variable immunodeficiency disease. The underlying cellular basis of this genetic disorder remains unclear. We have used a SAP knockout mouse model system to explore the role of SAP in immune responses. Here we report that mice lacking expression of SAP generate strong acute IgG antibody responses after viral infection, but show a near complete absence of virus-specific long-lived plasma cells and memory B cells, despite the presence of virus-specific memory CD4+ T cells. Adoptive transfer experiments show that SAP-deficient B cells are normal and the defect is in CD4+ T cells. Thus, SAP has a crucial role in CD4+ T-cell function: it is essential for late B-cell help and the development of long-term humoral immunity but is not required for early B-cell help and class switching.     

A late-differentiation antigen associated with the helper inducer function of human T cells

T lymphocytes possessing helper function produce soluble factors that greatly augment B-cell proliferation and differentiation into antibody-secreting cells. In humans the subset of T lymphocytes bearing the T4 surface antigen comprises most of the cells that display helper activity and recognize class II antigens of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), while the subset bearing the T8 antigen comprises T cells recognizing class I MHC antigens and exhibiting cytotoxic or suppressor function. Monoclonal antibodies to T4 or T8 greatly inhibit the cognitive and effector function of cells with the corresponding phenotype. This function/phenotype correlation is not absolute, however, for there are many examples of T8-positive clones that recognize MHC class II antigens and have helper activity, as well as of T4-positive clones with suppressor or cytotoxic function. Recently a family of cell-surface neoantigens, which might be relevant to T-cell function and which are present on activated but not on resting T lymphocytes, has been identified in mouse and humans using monoclonal antibodies. Some of these antibodies block the cytolytic activity of alloreactive T-cell clones, suggesting the possible involvement of such molecules in the activation of cytotoxic T-cell clones or in the lytic process itself. We now describe a similar late-differentiation antigen (LDA1) that is expressed by human T lymphocytes only following activation and is recognized by a monoclonal antibody that inhibits the antibody-inducing helper function of T lymphocytes.     

Inversion of chromosome 14 marks human T-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia

Rare cases of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) in man stem from the malignant proliferation of T cells. The disease is usually more aggressive clinically than B-cell-derived CLL. Various haematological tumours are associated with specific chromosome aberrations (for example, refs 1, 2). Only limited numbers of T-cell CLL patients have so far been studied cytogenetically and, whereas chromosome 12 seems particularly to be involved in B-cell CLL, several markers have been found in T-cell tumours. Recently, by stimulating malignant clones with different mitogens, novel chromosome abnormalities have been detected in T-cell CLL. Using the same approach for additional cases of T-cell CLL, we now report that the most consistent chromosome change is an inversion of the long arm of chromosome 14, inv(14)(q11 q32), in four of five patients. Another remarkable chromosome aberration is trisomy for the long arm of chromosome 8, found in three of five patients.     

人ZP3B-细胞表位嵌合肽DNA的设计和合成

目的：设计和合成适合在昆虫细胞中表达的一个人ＺＰ３ Ｂ细胞表位的ＤＮＡ序列。方法：根据国外的研究基础，设计由人ＺＰ３的Ｂ细胞表位肽段和外源Ｔｈ细胞表位肽段串联而成的４５肽嵌合肽序列，并根据昆虫细胞对密码子的偏爱性设计出该嵌合肽的ＤＮＡ序列。然后人工合成该嵌合肽的ＤＮＡ链，并克隆到ＰＵＣ１８载体上。结果：通过酶切分析和测序证明，合成的ＤＮＡ与所设计的嵌合肽ＤＮＡ序列一致。结论：按设计合成了人ＺＰ３的     

T-cell hybridoma bearing heavy chain variable region determinants producing (T,G)-A--L-specific helper factor

Thymus-derived lymphocytes (T cells) exert their regulatory effect (help or suppression) on the antibody production by B cells either by direct cell to cell interaction or by soluble mediators or factors. The low frequency of specific T cells, the heterogeneity of their responses and their relatively short life span have hampered the molecular characterization of the antigen recognition unit of T cells, and its structure is largely unknown. The lymphocyte hybridization technique, which has been found very useful for the production of B-cell hybridomas secreting specific monoclonal antibodies, has also been used for the generation of homogeneous and stable T-cell hybridomas with unlimited growth potential. So far the only specific effector function demonstrated in the established T hybridomas is the property to generate a factor(s) which suppresses antibody responses. We now describe the establishment of hybrid lines which exhibit characteristic T-cell markers. One of the hybridomas (denoted R-9) releases into the culture supernatant factor(s) with helper activity specific to the synthetic polypeptide (T,G)-A--L and bears surface determinants of the immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region (VH). Such hybrid cell lines are of great value for studies on the nature of the T-cell receptor.     

异黑成熟颗粒对免疫抑制小鼠免疫功能的调节作用

 为研究异黑成熟颗粒对环磷酰胺诱导免疫抑制小鼠的非特异性免疫功能、体液免疫功能、细胞免疫功能的影响,将84只小鼠随机分为6组：正常对照组,环磷酰胺模型组,阳性对照组,异黑成熟颗粒低、中、高剂量组,每组14只。除正常对照组外,其他组小鼠均用75mg/kg环磷酰胺腹腔注射诱导免疫抑制小鼠模型,阳性对照组和异黑成熟颗粒组连续灌胃给药14d,1次/d。测定小鼠单核巨噬细胞吞噬功能、外周血T细胞亚群、NK细胞活性、白介素-1（IL-1）活性、白介素-2（IL-2）活性、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）活性、血清溶血素抗体生成（CH50）、迟发型变态反应等。结果表明,异黑成熟颗粒3个剂量组对环磷酰胺诱导的免疫抑制小鼠的单核巨噬细胞吞噬功能、外周血T细胞亚群数量、对2,4-二硝基氯苯（DNCB）诱导的迟发性变态反应、免疫器官重量和IgM、IgG值等均具有明显增强作用（P<0.05）;异黑成熟颗粒中、高剂量组明显增强小鼠NK细胞和TNF-α活性（P<0.05）;异黑成熟颗粒能提高小鼠IL-1和IL-2的活性（P<0.05）。异黑成熟颗粒对免疫抑制小鼠的免疫功能具有改善作用。     

ICOS is critical for CD40-mediated antibody class switching

The inducible co-stimulatory molecule (ICOS) is a CD28 homologue implicated in regulating T-cell differentiation. Because co-stimulatory signals are critical for regulating T-cell activation, an understanding of co-stimulatory signals may enable the design of rational therapies for immune-mediated diseases. According to the two-signal model for T-cell activation, T cells require an antigen-specific signal and a second, co-stimulatory, signal for optimal T-cell activation. The co-stimulatory signal promotes T-cell proliferation, lymphokine secretion and effector function. The B7-CD28 pathway provides essential signals for T-cell activation, but does not account for all co-stimulation. We have generated mice lacking ICOS (ICOS-/- ) to determine the essential functions of ICOS. Here we report that ICOS-/- mice exhibit profound deficits in immunoglobulin isotype class switching, accompanied by impaired germinal centre formation. Class switching was restored in ICOS-/- mice by CD40 stimulation, showing that ICOS promotes T-cell/B-cell collaboration through the CD40/CD40L pathway.