软件工程方法述评

对一些流行的软件工程方法,包括结构化方法、形式化方法、面向对象方法、基于构件的方法、基于Agent的方法、基于净室技术的方法、基于敏捷技术的方法等进行了述评,并对软件工程方法的发展趋势进行了初步探讨.     

测验Q矩阵的修正方法及其比较研究

在认知诊断评估中,构建正确测验Q矩阵十分关键,但比较困难.该文将确定性输入噪音与门模型下3种在线标定方法(极大似然估计方法,边际极大似然估计方法和交差方法)用于测验Q矩阵修正,并与δ方法,γ方法和最小残差平方和方法进行比较.采用模拟研究验证和比较各方法的表现,研究结果显示:边际极大似然估计方法表现良好,交差方法次之; 项目所考查的属性数目是影响δ方法和γ方法的表现.     

Bootstrap方法的仿真实现及其在系统偏差估计中的应用

该文研究Bootstrap方法与Bayes Bootstrap方法的原理及在小样本情况下的应用问题.分析了这二种统计方法的原理,给出了总体分布中未知参数的点估计方法和区间估计方法,后采用非参数抽样法,编写C语言程序,实现了Bootstrap方法与Bayes Bootstrap方法的计算机仿真.通过实例分析,给出了射击系统偏差在Bayes Bootstrap方法、Bootstrap方法和经典统计方法下的具体偏差值,得到Bayes Bootstrap方法优于其它二种方法的结论.     

Fluent在碟形深潜器水动力性能的应用分析

文章利用Fluent方法模拟了一种新型碟形深潜器在直航状态所受的总阻力以及斜航状态下所受的横向力Y和纵向力X,并与试验方法进行比较从而得出Fluent模拟方法具有一定的准确性,可以应用于该碟形潜器的水动力性能分析。碟形深潜器水动力性能的预报对于其外形的优化至关重要,传统的研究方法主要有理论方法、试验方法和数值模拟。众所周知,试验方法一直是碟形潜器研究的主要方法,而随着计算机技术的快速发展,以流体力学为基础的计算流体力学方法也逐渐成为一种重要方法,与传统方法相比,运用Fluent模拟的方法则更加灵活和经济,但该方法与试验方法的相对误差随着Fr数的增加而增加,进而说明该方法还需要进一步优化。     

试论高职院校教师激励方法的三个层次

许多高职院校都在寻找激励教师的有效方法,实际上激励方法是有层次的,对不同的激励对象实施不同的方法会起到更好的效果。三个层次的激励方法,即基本激励方法、特殊激励方法和无形激励方法可针对不同的激励对象实施。     

单体住宅性能的多属性分类综合评价方法

分析了现有的多指标综合评价中的一般常用方法———模糊综合评价方法中所存在的问题 ,根据ABC分类方法的思路提出了一种改进的综合评价方法 ,即多属性分类综合评价方法 ,给出了其分类方法和评价方法 ,最后对 2种方法的特点和使用范围做了对比和分析 .多属性综合评价方法克服了一般常用方法所存在的问题 ,对评价指标的重要性有显著差异的一类综合评价问题 ,此方法更合理 .     

谱元方法求解波动方程时显式与隐式差分方法的比较

分别将显式中心差分和隐式Newmark差分方法与Chebyshev谱元方法相结合,探讨了当采用谱元方法求解气动噪声问题时,这2种时间差分方法对数值精度和计算稳定性的影响.通过模拟噪声扰动在自由空间的传播过程,比较了2种时间差分方法的数值误差,研究了显式中心差分方法的稳定性条件.由此得出以下结论:当显式中心差分方法稳定时,2种差分方法均可得到有效的数值解,在同一时刻的同一网格节点上,Newmark方法的数值误差约为显式方法的2倍左右;当计算采用的时间步长大于显式中心差分方法的临界步长时,显式方法发散,Newmark方法的数值结果仍和解析解保持一致.     

SEREX方法在肿瘤相关抗原筛选中的应用

SEREX方法是筛选肿瘤抗原分子的一种方便且高效的方法。本文解释了SEREX的原理及方法,介绍了利用该方法所鉴定出来的肿瘤相关抗原,讨论了该方法的优缺点,阐述了改进的方法,最后对该方法的应用进行了展望。     

混合元法及其在本质边界条件处理中的应用

为了解决无网格Galerkin(EFG)方法中本质边界条件的施加问题,提出了一种耦合径向基点插值无网格(RPIM)方法与EFG方法的混合元法.该方法将问题域分成两部分,在包含本质边界部分采用RPIM方法处理,其余部分采用EFG方法,然后利用两种无网格插值方法之间的关系进行耦合.数值算例结果表明:文中方法在简明有效地处理本质边界条件的同时,具有与EFG方法相当的计算精度,且易于编程计算.     

矛盾分析方法与系统分析方法

矛盾分析方法一直是我们的基本方法,但最近受到了系统分析方法的冲击,有些同志认为系统分析方法应取代矛盾分析方法,重读毛泽东同志的《矛盾论》,认为两种方法并不矛盾。可以认为,系统分析方法是矛盾分析方法的具体化,系统分析方法的一些基本原则如整体性原则与主要矛盾的思想是一致的,而系统分析方法中的一些具体方法如最优化方法等的哲学依据就是矛盾方法。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to