陕西省各地市水资源压力指数评价

以陕西省地级市为研究对象,从人口数量压力、水资源数量压力、水环境压力、水资源技术压力和用水效益5个方面构建了水资源压力指标体系,并对2010年陕西省11个主要地市的水资源压力指数进行了计算和分析.结果表明:①水资源压力指数不同,水资源危机程度不同,水资源压力指数接近的地区,其危机的主要矛盾也有所不同;②西安、铜川两市水资源压力最大,杨凌、延安、商洛、咸阳、宝鸡五市水资源压力中等,渭南、安康、汉中、榆林四市水资源压力最小.为此,从加大水环境监管力度、建立流域水生态补偿机制、积极推行节水措施、多渠道开辟水源,以及控制人口数量等方面提出了缓解陕西省水资源压力的若干对策.     

上饶地区水资源利用与经济增长实证分析

为查明上饶地区水资源利用、经济增长与水环境压力的关系,以水足迹法和＂脱钩、复钩＂理论对上饶地区水资源利用、经济增长与水环境压力的关系进行了分析。研究结果表明：上饶地区从2003-2011年,平均水足迹为134.35亿m3,总体呈缓慢上升趋势,农业用水、工业用水为主要耗水部门;在水资源消耗量增加的同时,水资源利用效率也在不断提高,9年间增加了3.36倍;水资源压力远远小于1,水资源自给率值为1.124,说明上饶水资源丰富,属富水区。经济增长与水资源消耗的评价结果中多数年份为强＂脱钩＂状态,经济增长与水环境压力的评价结果中多数呈弱＂脱钩＂状态,说明上饶市的经济发展依赖于水资源的消耗,但经济增长是在恰当利用水资源情况下的增长。     

岩溶地区典型城市水资源与经济发展脱钩分析

为弥补水足迹单纯考虑经济发展对水资源占用的缺陷,结合"水生态足迹"与"脱复钩"理论,从水资源(用水量)和水环境(污染物排放量)的综合视角,评价贵阳市2002—2014年水生态足迹与经济发展的脱钩水平。研究表明:2002—2014年贵阳市水生态足迹与经济发展除2011年扩张性水环境负脱钩外,其余年份为水资源和水环境强(弱)脱钩,且历年脱钩指数时间序列上波动明显,其平均值为0.138;贵阳市单位GDP水生态足迹由2002年的3.588 hm2/万元下降至2014年的0.637 hm2/万元,年均下降率达12.9%;由于贵阳市GDP增速稳定于13%~17.1%之间,故水资源与经济发展的脱钩程度取决于水资源和水环境生态足迹的变化特征;上述研究表明,水生态足迹的角度衡量水资源与经济发展的脱钩态势具有科学、全面、客观的特点。     

银川平原水资源承载力的初步研究

从水资源的概念入手，以银川平原为研究对象，对银川平原水资源自然环境、土地资源、水环境等现状进行了分析，并在构建水资源承载力评价指标体系的基础上定量分析得出银川平原水资源承载力，并对其进行评价，最后系统分析了银川平原水资源量、主要利用状况、水环境质量、区域发展对水资源的需求及水资源承载性．     

中国湖泊水资源开发利用中的短缺问题与对策

水资源是湖泊资源的核心，湖泊水资源的变化对湖泊生态环境和流域社会经济发展具有重要的影响.文中扼要综述了中国湖泊水资源的短缺问题，实施从流域系统角度的水资源优化调控和水环境整治，是解决湖泊水资源危机的关键，提出了一系列旨在解决水资源短缺问题的对策.     

长江经济带水资源水环境指标评估及对策

利用世界资源研究所的地图工具,研究了长江经济带面临的水资源压力,研究表明长江经济带10%的区域面临"高"或"极高"水资源压力,上海、江苏、安徽、浙江、湖北和四川是长江经济带水资源压力最大的6省(市)。并分析了长江经济带水环境污染问题,在此前工作基础上,利用万元GDP用水量和万元GDP废水排放量评价长江经济带各省市水经济效率,得知长江经济带各省市水经济效率存在梯队差异。水经济效率低下是导致长江经济带出现水量、水质压力的原因。长江经济带各省市需提高各产业用水效率,削减用水量,以实现2030年用水红线指标控制要求。结合各省市水资源水环境综合管理现状,有针对性地提出了加强水资源与水环境综合管理的政策建议,包括建立长江经济带流域综合管理机构或协调机制,推行许可证制度、横向生态补偿等综合管理政策框架,继续加大对相关研究的支持等。     

基于气候变化与人类活动双重作用的南疆水资源供需关系分析

全球变暖致使南疆周边冰川大幅退缩,冰川融水增加,南疆水资源因此增加.人类社会的发展带动生产和生活用水大幅增加.这打破了区域水资源供需平衡,水资源风险愈加突出.根据干旱地区水资源利用特点,考虑气候变化导致的降水、冰川融水和径流的变化趋势,以及南疆人口和经济的发展,结合度日模型、定额需水法、彭曼公式、潜水蒸发法和水压力指数法对南疆三地区水资源压力现状及未来潜在变化进行了评估.研究结果表明：2000～2020年,南疆三地区的可利用水量呈增加趋势;总需水量变化存在地区差异,阿克苏地区和喀什地区显著增加,和田地区则有所减少;南疆三地区水压力均处于较高水平状态,水压力变化趋势与总需水量的变化趋势一致.21世纪30年代和70年代南疆三地区的可利用水量将持续增加;需水量和水压力的变化趋势与历史时期一致.人类取水活动在未来水压力的变化中起主导作用.该研究揭示了区域内水资源失衡的时空分异性,以期为南疆地区的水资源管理和合理利用提供科学参考.     

开封市水环境问题研究

随着社会经济的快速发展，开封市水资源短缺、水体污染等水环境问题日益突出．其根本原因是人口增长过快、发展理念出现偏差、法律意识淡薄、清洁生产水平低下、水价偏离水环境价值等．基于上述原因，开封市水环境改善和调控对策为：建立健全水资源保护的法律法规体系，提高废水处理能力，增加治污投资，正确评估、量化水环境价值，健全水收费制度，并建立开封市水环境与水资源数据库和动态监控系统，对区域内水环境质量、水资源数量及其时空分布变化进行检测和控制，为推动地区经济和社会可持续发展提供依据．     

重庆一小时经济圈水资源和水环境的保护利用

重庆“一小时经济圈”建设，为重庆“统筹城乡综合配套改革试验区”提供了一个新的平台。随着经济圈的发展，对水资源的需求将快速增长，建设活动对水环境的影响也会越来越突出。水量不足，水质变差，饮用水源地保护、城乡居民用水安全等一系列问题，迫切要求对一小时经济圈的水资源和水环境提出有效保护措施，正确处理好区域水资源、水环境与城乡统筹发展的关系。     

改善水资源环境 增强经济发展动力

水资源短缺,水环境恶化,严重制约着经济的发展。本文通过加强水资源管理,改善水资源的自然环境和人文环境,特别是采取法律手段和取水许可制度相结合等一系列措施,使水资源成为增强经济发展的强大动力。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.