埋管形式对水热式桥面融雪的影响

应用有限元程序建立了数值模型,利用有限差分法对稳态工况下的桥面融雪过程进行热力仿真分析,以山区温泉水为热流体介质研究了环境温度为-5℃、表面风速为2 m/s、水温为15℃条件下埋管间距、埋管深度对融雪过程中桥面温度分布及热流密度的影响规律.结果表明:埋管周围等温线分布较密,热流密度较大;埋管深度与埋管间距对桥面温度与热流密度分布的均匀性有较大的影响,较小的埋管深度与埋管间距有利于提高桥面表面温度并具有较大的热流密度,促进融雪进程和速率.综合考虑融雪效果、施工、经济性等多方面的因素,建议埋管深度为2cm,埋管间距为15cm.     

飞行器结构热防护模拟计算

根据空天飞机的头锥部驻点的热流密度Qws以及飞机头部热流密度的分布和飞机头部热流密度的分布确定防热层结构和厚度、冷却层结构和冷却气体的压力、流速等具体参数,并计算出飞机头锥部蒙皮内部各点温度分布。     

莺歌海盆地现今地温场及热结构研究

为评价莺歌海盆地地热资源优劣和了解盆地深部构造热演化,本文在收集莺歌海盆地及其邻区现有热物性参数的基础上,通过新增的9口钻井13个热物性参数,利用一维稳态热传导公式,计算了莺歌海盆地1 000 m、2 000 m、3 000 m深度界面处地层温度;并沿着穿过盆地中央凹陷附近的地震测线采用分层阶段函数模型,计算了莺歌海盆地不同层位的热流分配关系(热结构)。计算时根据地震波的速度变化将地壳分为沉积盖层、上地壳上部、上地壳下部低速带与下地壳4层进行计算。结果表明：莺歌海盆地1 000 m、2 000 m、3 000 m深度界面的地层温度分布特征表现为沿着河内凹陷—临高凸起南西方向—泥底辟一带温度较高,盆地北西、南东区域附近温度较低,地层温度的整体分布特征与地壳减薄及断裂发育有明显关系;地壳热流对地表热流的贡献占比41%,地幔热流对地表热流的贡献占比为59%。因此,莺歌海盆地具有“冷壳热幔”的岩石圈热结构特征。     

激光深熔焊热源模型的研究现状

综述了激光深熔焊热源模型的数值模拟的研究现状。小孔模型多用于解释小孔内部作用机理．双椭球体热源模型能较好地模拟大深宽比的穿孔型焊接过程，但在热流分布区域及变化规律方面都不能准确描述激光深熔焊热输入。三维锥体热源只考虑了热流作用半径沿厚度方向的变化，没有考虑激光能量在小孔内的沉积效应。柱状体积热源模型热流密度均匀分布反映激光深熔焊时能量在厚度方向上的分布趋势。旋转体热源按热流峰值、热流密度和热源作用半径变化规律分对数曲线旋转体热源，抛物线旋转体热源等。抛物线旋转体热源最合理，既考虑了激光深熔焊焊缝横断面形状特征，又顾及了热量沿焊件厚度方向的分布特点，能比较准确模拟激光焊焊接时的温度分布。     

微槽群内汽液界面温度分布的红外热成像

采用红外测温仪测量了液体工质在受热微槽表面的温度场分布,实验研究结果表明:相同深度条件下,较窄的微槽液体工质温度分布较均匀;相同宽度条件下,深度对微槽内液体工质温度分布的影响不大.在较小的热流密度条件下,深度相同时,较窄的微槽汽液界面平均温度较低,宽度相同时,深度的变化对汽液界面平均温度的影响不明显;在较大的热流密度条件下,深度相同时,较窄的微槽汽液界面平均温度较高,宽度相同时,较浅的微槽汽液界面平均温度较高.     

基于格子玻尔兹曼方法的双液滴撞击壁面液膜的热特性演化过程

为了研究并排双液滴撞击覆有液膜的高温壁面过程中壁面热流密度分布特征,基于水热耦合双分布函数格子玻尔兹曼伪势模型,探究了液滴间距、撞击速度和液相黏滞系数在不同时刻对壁面瞬时热流密度分布的影响。结果表明：低温液滴的扩散与下潜导致撞击区和中心射流区的壁面与液膜之间的温度梯度上升,引起撞击区和中心射流区壁面热流密度骤增。撞击区传热形式以对流传热为主,静态区受液冠处速度不连续性影响,其传热形式以扩散传热为主。双液滴撞击速度增大导致液滴下潜和扩展程度加深,液膜内部对流传热增强。双液滴间距增加引起双液滴内侧液冠在液膜内扩展空间增大,造成瞬时壁面高热流密度区域面积增加,利于散热。此外,更大的液相黏滞系数增大了液滴撞击液膜过程中的黏滞耗散,降低低温液滴的下潜程度和撞击区的液膜流场对流强度,导致壁面热流密度峰值减小。     

塔里木盆地的居里等温面研究

根据高阶地磁场模型NGDC-720-V3,利用功率谱法反演塔里木盆地的居里等温面,研究磁性层基底起伏特征.结果显示,塔里木盆地居里面深度范围在28~48 km.塔里木盆地的居里面与大地热流存在相关性,与基底隆坳存在一致性.浅居里面在盆地隆起区延伸对应着高的热流值.深居里面和低的热流值沿着盆地坳陷区分布.居里面呈现山脉浅,盆地深,盆地隆起区居里面较浅,坳陷区居里面较深的分布特点.     

加热开采稠油工艺的探讨—井筒中的热流体循环

沿井筒的温度分布对高粘度、高含蜡原油的生产具有很大的意义。热流体循环将提高井筒中的温度水平并改善原油的流动性。本文提出了几种不同的循环方案并根据传热计算作了探讨,得到了热流体循环量、热物性、循环深度和初温度对温度分布的影响。     

600MWe超临界循环流化床锅炉的炉膛水冷壁传热

对带隔墙的600MWe超临界循环流化床锅炉的炉膛水冷壁传热及热流密度分布进行了研究。基于构建的循环流化床锅炉传热模型,得到了锅炉最大连续工况、75%及50%汽轮机热耗验收工况下炉膛局部物料浓度、热流密度及传热系数的分布情况。结果表明,炉膛局部物料浓度、热流密度及传热系数沿高度的增加均逐渐降低,并在一定高度上逐渐均匀,随着负荷的降低,趋于均匀的高度有所下降。侧墙与隔墙局部物料浓度等参数沿周向的分布呈现角部高、中心低的分布趋势。由于隔墙的存在,前墙与侧墙的热流密度分布不同。整体上,炉膛出口处热流密度偏差最大;随负荷降低,传热系数周向偏差减小。     

包晶钢宽厚板坯连铸结晶器的热流密度与热行为

基于热电偶实测温度,建立了包晶钢宽厚板坯连铸结晶器有限元传热模型和热流密度非线性估算模型.应用模型反算获得包晶钢宽厚板坯结晶器的热流密度,在与热平衡计算得到的平均热流密度进行比较后,阐述了模型的有效性,并分析了实际生产条件下结晶器铜板的温度分布规律.结晶器宽面和窄面的平均热流密度分别为1.141和1.119 MW·m^-2.温度在靠近结晶器背面呈波浪形分布,最大温差为29.6℃,然而在远离背面位置,温度变化平缓.随距弯月面距离的增加,温度呈降低趋势,然而在距结晶器出口附近出现回温现象.同时宽厚板坯连铸结晶器的热流密度和温度分布均有别于传统板坯连铸.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.