基于人工微台阶分选与捕获肿瘤细胞的微流控芯片

开发具有契合肿瘤细胞尺寸的微台阶结构的微流控芯片以将肿瘤细胞从正常人血细胞中分选并捕获出来．结合微加工技术,先后两次对同一块玻璃基底进行刻蚀,改变两次刻蚀的图样与时间最终与盖板间形成高度为10μm的微台阶结构,通过玻璃基底与有机高聚物PDMS（Polydimethylsiloxane）盖板的键合制作出微流控芯片．利用具有微台阶结构的芯片,悬浮于磷酸盐缓冲盐溶液中的肿瘤细胞（MCF-7）被全部捕获在微台阶结构内,尺寸小于台阶的正常人血细胞（红细胞）流过台阶未被捕获,实现了将肿瘤细胞从正常血细胞中分选并捕获．捕获在芯片中的肿瘤细胞都具有活性．芯片整体透明,肿瘤细胞捕获过程不需要进行化学修饰等预处理．     

微流控芯片上全自动单细胞电动操控技术

发明了一种基于尺寸差异的单细胞全自动操控微流控芯片装置,可全自动检测细胞的大小,并对目标细胞进行全自动的电动操控。本装置主要由微流控芯片、差分放大器、继电器、数据采集卡以及计算机等组成。当细胞通过微流控芯片的电阻脉冲检测(RPS)的检测区时,会产生一个一定幅值的脉冲信号,计算机会根据设定的信号幅值自动识别出目标细胞,并控制继电器的通断电,继电器通电后,继电器所在通道内会产生电渗流,从而将目标细胞输运至该收集通道。系统具有全自动操控和分选精度高等突出优点,非常适合于操控样品中少量的目标细胞,如循环肿瘤细胞等。     

微流控芯片在单细胞捕获中的应用

 单细胞捕获是单细胞水平研究的前提和重要组成部分。微流控芯片通常具有与细胞尺寸相当的微通道结构,并能操控纳升至皮升级的极小体积流体,非常适用于高通量的单细胞捕获,加上微流控芯片能够将其他多种操作单元集成在一起,为单细胞分析提供了一种效率高、消耗低的研究平台。概述并对比了多种涉及流体力学、光、电、磁、声等领域的微流控单细胞捕获技术的原理和应用,展望了其未来的研究方向。     

微流控芯片中磁珠捕获的数值仿真

在微流控芯片中,利用磁场力操控技术实现磁珠的有效捕获在生物检测和生化分离等方面应用广泛,其在微尺度下的运动特性与磁场力和黏滞阻力的关系显得尤为重要。根据磁珠在微通道中的受力和运动方程,建立磁场和流场共同作用下磁珠的二维动力学数值模型,对三种磁场分布下磁珠的运动特性以及不同入口速度和磁场强度对磁珠捕获率的影响进行数值仿真。研究表明:磁体高宽比(h/w)越大,磁体内部的磁通密度越大且分布越均匀。当磁体高宽比从0. 5增至6时,极性相同磁体的捕获率范围为26. 7%～100%;极性相反和单磁体的磁珠捕获率最大值分别为63. 3%和53. 3%。双磁体的磁化方向对捕获率的影响为:h/w 2时,极性相反的磁珠捕获率较大;反之则小于极性相同的捕获率。通过仿真计算,入口流速介于1 mm/s～2 cm/s时,磁珠捕获率随流速的增加而减小。结果可用于实验指导流体流速进而优化磁珠使用量;并对微流控芯片的设计具有理论指导意义。     

锯齿结构对惯性微流聚焦的影响研究

惯性微流控芯片已广泛应用于粒子或细胞的聚焦、捕获、分选等领域。在众多弯曲通道中,锯齿形通道由于可以减少粒子平衡位置的个数且易于集成,是一种十分有前景的粒子操纵结构。利用数值模拟研究锯齿结构参数对粒子惯性聚焦的影响发现:锯齿角度减小导致强烈的二次流流动,能够产生更优的聚集性能,但必须综合压降影响;高宽比(H/W)影响聚焦模式,高宽比1使得聚焦发生在宽度方向,高宽比～0.5更易产生单聚焦模式。结果对微流控芯片中锯齿形通道结构的选择和优化具有指导意义。     

基于液滴微流控芯片的单细胞分离

开发基于静电场力和集成微电极的微液滴操控技术以实现单细胞的分离.结合微流控技术的发展,设计并制作了以有机聚合物PDMS( polydinethylsiloxane)为材料的具有流聚焦结构的芯片,利用流聚焦结构的芯片,通过改变分散相和连续相的流速,制备包裹着悬浮癌细胞( HCT116)的海藻酸钠凝胶溶液微液滴,并对其包裹细胞数目进行统计分析,其中包裹单细胞的微液滴少于总液滴数的10％.受到液滴自带电现象的启发,通过集成微电极到微流控芯片中,利用电压脉冲产生静电场力,实现了单颗单细胞微液滴的电分离和富集.     

新型多孔单细胞观测芯片设计及在细菌抗药性研究中的应用

提出一种新型多孔单细胞观测芯片的设计和实现方法, 结合多孔板操作简单和微流控芯片单细胞观测的优势, 为微流控芯片的推广利用提供新思路。在芯片中设计由小孔、特定高度的培养腔室和栅栏组成的并排对称单元, 这三层高度结构把细胞限制在培养室单层固定生长。利用PDMS材料在等离子体处理后对液体的浸润性和对气体吸收的特性, 在小孔加入菌液后细胞很快被自动吸入细胞培养室。只用10 μL液体就可以完成长时间观测细菌所有单层形态变化过程以及高通量并行对比, 实现不同大肠杆菌菌株在不同抗生素浓度下的并行对比分析。此芯片制作的方便性与能在单层细胞程度下实现高通量并行对比的优越性, 使它在大肠杆菌的抗药性以及流式分选后期研究等方面应用前景十分广阔。     

多器官微流控芯片技术及其应用

器官微流控芯片技术通过模拟人体器官内环境来实现接近体内的体外细胞培养.基于微流控芯片器官模型的发展,构建多器官芯片整合的微流控系统为研究器官之间物质(如药物和外源性污染物)的代谢作用提供了崭新的平台.本文从不同的多细胞共培养系统角度介绍了构建多器官微流控芯片模型以及在预测和评估药物代谢及其对人体毒性测试等领域的应用,并对多器官微流控芯片技术的发展进行总结和展望.     

用于细胞成像的便携型微流控芯片检测系统

针对微流控芯片检测装置普遍需要大型数码显微镜的问题,使用自行设计的一套嵌入式微流控芯片小型成像系统拍摄芯片管道中的细胞,并提出在该条件下细胞自动检测与识别的算法。首先,用球形波进行图像背景校正,然后用基于局部方差的直方图均衡化算法进行细胞目标增强,并作滤波和背景去除处理,最后用C anny算子检测细胞边缘并返回原图对细胞进行标记。结果表明:小型的微流控芯片检测系统和处理方法可以使整个片上系统实现更高的集成化、自动化和便携性。     

PMMA微流控芯片注射成型多目标优化实验研究

随着微流控技术的不断发展和聚合物材料的广泛应用,注射成型技术因其快速、低成本、大批量的生产等优势而成为聚合物微流控芯片成型制造的主要方式之一,但也存在微结构成型难、残余应力与宏观变形等问题。为表征聚合物微流控芯片成型能力、研究工艺参数对成型质量的影响,采用正交实验研究熔体温度、注射压力、注射速度、保压压力和保压时间对聚甲基丙烯酸酯(PMMA)微流控芯片微通道复制度、残余应力、宏观翘曲变形三种指标的影响规律,并利用灰色关联分析法对三种指标进行多目标优化得到最优工艺参数。研究结果表明：影响微通道复制度最主要的因素是注射速度和熔体温度,影响残余应力与翘曲变形最主要的因素是熔体温度;利用正交实验对三种指标优化得到的最优参数存在差异,而利用灰色关联分析方法进行多目标优化得到了微通道复制度高、残余应力小和翘曲变形小的高质量芯片。最优注射成型工艺参数如下：熔体温度为245℃、注射压力为160 MPa、注射速度为50 cm³/s、保压压力为70 MPa和保压时间为5 s。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.