基于样条理论的自动垂直泊车轨迹规划

分析泊车轨迹曲线设计要求并综合B样条曲线特点,提出基于B样条曲线理论通过对轨迹控制点优化进行自动垂直泊车轨迹规划的方法.分析泊车过程中存在的可能性碰撞点,并建立相应的避撞约束函数.考虑泊车环境障碍约束、车辆自身参数约束、泊车初始点方位约束、泊车终点位置约束,以泊车轨迹的最大曲率值最小化为目标,以轨迹曲线控制点为变量,根据Ackerman转向原理建立车辆运动轨迹多约束方程.分别对一般泊车环境和狭小空间泊车环境进行泊车轨迹规划,利用Matlab软件非线性约束优化函数求得轨迹控制点,得出轨迹曲线.仿真结果表明:对于一般泊车环境该方法能使车辆无碰撞地进入车位,且满足泊车轨迹曲率连续性;对于相对狭小泊车环境,也能求得一组轨迹控制点,通过不断调节前轮转角实现车辆无碰撞地泊车入位并保证了轨迹曲率的连续性.仿真结果表明了基于样条理论的泊车轨迹规划方法可实现车辆无碰撞地泊车入位,并满足轨迹曲率连续性要求,有效地解决了泊车过程中停车转向问题.     

动态B样条曲线向多项式曲线的快速转换算法

针对轨迹规划进程中曲线特征点上易出现拐点及尖点等问题,提出一种将B样条曲线转换为多项式的处理方法.提出的算法称为直接展开法,该算法首先确定组成基函数的所有线性项的系数,然后通过扩展适当线性项的乘积和,直接得到幂形式的基.通过控制点将基函数的乘积求和得到多项式.试验表明,当给定低阶的B样条曲线时,所提出的算法略优于传统方法,随着B样条曲线的一个或多个控制点的不断变化,其计算结果与传统方法相比有着较为显著的优势,提出的算法对动态变化的曲线或曲面异常有效.     

基于改进遗传算法的工业机器人能耗最优轨迹规划

为了降低工业机器人在工作过程中的能耗,提出了一种能耗最优的轨迹规划方法。将机器人的轨迹视为由空间中一系列的型值点构成,每相邻的型值点间由一段五次B样条曲线连接,得出机器人的轨迹函数。以动能作为目标能耗函数,同时考虑各个关节的运动学和动力学约束。对遗传算法进行改进,用于优化目标能耗函数,此改进遗传算法提高了算法的运算效率、局部搜索能力和实时性。对优化结果进行仿真,得出各个关节的运动学参数变化曲线,分析各个关节的曲线图知其均满足运动学和动力学约束条件,验证了此优化轨迹的合理性。     

基于粒子群优化算法的绳驱动连续体机器人轨迹规划

为提高绳驱动连续体机器人运动的平滑性和稳定性,在关节空间和笛卡尔空间研究了基于样条函数和粒子群算法的轨迹规划问题。首先,采用双参数局部指数积公式建立连续体机器人的运动学模型;其次,根据牛顿-拉夫森迭代方法进行逆运动学求解;最后,基于自适应惯性权重的粒子群时间最优化算法结合五次B样条函数,分别实现了连续体机器人在关节空间和笛卡尔空间的轨迹规划。仿真结果表明：在相同的条件下,两种方法均可得到连续体机器人末端的连续轨迹,速度均小于10 mm/s,加速度均小于20 mm/s²;基于关节空间规划出的关节位移、速度、加速度曲线更为平滑,关节空间规划用时9.219 3 s,笛卡尔空间规划用时10.604 6 s。基于粒子群优化算法的绳驱动连续体机器人轨迹规划研究,提高了连续体机器人的运动性能,可为绳驱动连续体机器人的位姿规划提供参考。     

一种改进型加Kaiser窗电力谐波检测方法

为解决FFT高精度谐波分析中插值函数结构复杂,难于直接计算的问题,采用一种用分段三次样条函数拟合插值函数的方法.构造出凯塞窗与三谱线插值相结合插值函数的快速计算公式,该公式结构简单、程序易于实现、分段点处连续、且拟合精度高,能大幅度提高插值FFT算法的运算速度,分析了该方法在实际应用中的可行性,通过分段三次样条曲线拟合和其他拟合方法的相位相对误差和幅值相对误差进行了详细比较.研究结果表明:分段三次样条拟合方法有效的提高了电力系统谐波分析精度.     

机器人手臂轨迹规划的研究

研究了服务机器人手臂关节空间的轨迹规划问题.利用三次B样条函数对机器人手臂的5个关节变量进行插值,使规划的轨迹函数连续并平滑,从而保证机器人运动的平稳性.实验表明,这种轨迹规划方法是准确和可行的.     

基于B样条空间等距线的机器人轨迹优化算法

针对J形坡口焊接机器人轨迹示教中理论轨迹与实际轨迹偏差较大的问题,利用实际轨迹的空间等距线逼近下一道焊接轨迹,并设计了相贯线轨迹等距线的B样条逼近算法.算法主要包括:基于等曲线弧长准则对原B样条曲线取样;利用向心算法计算取样点的等距点;计算插值于该等距点的3次B样条曲线;在给定的全局误差限内去除多余控制顶点.试验结果表明:等距点的向心算法可以有效解决相贯线曲线局部修改后主法向量发散的问题;全局插值方法可以保留原曲线修改特征;全局误差限下去除多余控制顶点可以减少B样条曲线控制顶点数目.     

基于受控动力学样条的轨迹规划

在利用多项式样条插值方法进行动力学系统的轨迹规划时,存在无法处理动力学约束的问题。为了克服这个困难,该文利用受控动力学系统的轨迹设计了一种受控动力学样条——基于最优控制方法的最优动力学样条基函数,并且用它作为基本插值样条曲线对双积分动力学系统的运动轨迹进行规划。与用三次样条函数作为插值基函数的插值结果进行了比较,在该插值结果中系统动力学约束自然满足。     

样条函数与稳健估计在线路线形识别中的应用

利用不同线形的曲率特性采用三次样条函数与稳健估计相结合的方法进行线形类别的识别 ,即首先利用三次样条逼近实际的轨迹 ,由样条函数绘制里程曲率图 ,对里程与曲率数据进行分组稳健平差 ,进而计算不同组直线的交点 ,该点的里程即为不同线形要素交点的里程 ,从而达到线形识别的目的 .还阐明了利用曲率进行线形识别的局限性 .     

本科教学中有关梯度应用的研究

二元函数在其定义域内某点处梯度的（反）方向即该点处函数值增长（减少）最快的方向，由此求得二元函数在其定义域内自该点开始的一动点轨迹，使得自变量沿该轨迹变化，函数值的增长（或减少）最快．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.