艾滋病预防研究中的医学人类学述评

医学人类学的特色贡献在于深入分析导致艾滋病传播的社会文化、政治经济动因,并把这些因素考虑到预防实践中,为长期有效的行为干预提供依据和指导。目前中国的艾滋病预防实践需要医学人类学的参与,生物医学和医学人类学观点相结合的理论与实践都有很大发展空间。     

论艾滋病综合流行现象和中美医学人类学

医学人类学在美国有更细致地理解艾滋病危险行为,以及这些行为所根植的社会文化背景方面所运用的方法及这些方法的特点。在中国这个广大的多民族的国家,医学人类学在其卫生领域很可能同样发挥类似的作用。然而,在过去很长一段时间,本应有中国的人类学家参与的应用社会学方法的工作却一直由公共卫生人员承担。中国艾滋病流行现状和将来潜在的灾难性威胁迫切需要人类学研究以及中国自己的人类学者。相信人类学家和其他定性研究的社学科学家去关注艾滋病问题是势在必行的。     

实践、权力与文化的多样性阐释——人类学的后现代主义转向反思

透过对20世纪80年代以来人类学理论研究历程的回顾和反思,厘清后现代主义人类学的理论脉络。认为20世纪80年代以来,人类学的理论研究发生了深刻变革。社会实践理论、权力理论的发展,导致了人类学理论的后结构主义转向;历史人类学、阐释人类学以及实验民族志的出现,为后现代主义人类学的发展铺平了道路。     

新时期人类学发展走向分析

文化是受时空、民族因素制约的具体。一种社会现象、社会行为的被阐释受到文化语境的限制，人类学的发展和人类学研究都存在语境问题。本文试用从文化语境的诠释、人类学新的研究走向、主体民族的研究等方面检讨人类学在中国的提倡和发展的必要性。     

审美人类学三人谈

审美人类学是美学中的人类学旨趣同中外人类学历史上审美习俗研究资料与理论积累相互交汇的逻辑结果 ,注重理论思辨的美学研究与强调田野调查的人类学研究的相互补充和相互阐发 ,激发出一些意蕴深厚的新的学科生长点。社会现实当中的文化建设、旅游开发和文化语境包含着许多可供审美人类学研究的广阔学术空间。审美人类学的深化发展对于美学和人类学的学科建设 ,都大有裨益。     

范式与超越:人类学中国社会研究

通过对人类学研究中国社会的民族志方法、市场体系理论、民间宗教等范式的反思,结合人类学对中国社会的应用性,提出了一些新的研究思路和视角,如将人类学的社会意义培育于公共空间之中,关注人类学的宇宙观等,并就田野工作的方法、经验及研究选题进行了讨论。     

审美人类学理论研究初探——从本质界定、功能分析到意义认知

人类学对审美问题的研究重点从最初对美的本质特征的界定 ,发展为对审美的社会文化功能分析 ,再演变为通过对跨文化审美感知的探询而理解不同文化的意义世界的建构与认知过程。审美人类学研究的发展轨迹体现了人类学理论演进的脉络 ,已取得的研究成果和相关的理论思考为人类学的跨学科整合与学理上的深化提供了重要的资源。     

人类学与国学——人类学学者访谈录之四十一

中国的人类学研究离不开国学,国学研究的深入同样也离不开人类学的视角,作为人类学工作者应考虑如何将这两门学问结合起来,以最大地发挥其在中国优秀传统文化的继承和发扬中的作用。人类学不能局限在只关注边缘和弱势群体上,也应该关注主流社会,加强其在主流社会中的应用性,才能获得更大的发展空间。     

走出低谷──战后西方人类学摆脱困境对中国人类学的启示

二战后，随着民族解放运动的高涨，取得独立的国家日益增多，帝国主义殖民体系的全面崩溃，西方人类学失去了过去的研究园地，陷入了难以为继的境地。面对此一困境，西方人类学将研究的重点转移到复杂社会和应用研究上，理论和方法也随之更新和丰富，使人类学的发展上了一个台阶。中国人类学目前所面临的困境尽管与战后西方人类学所面临的困境有本质上的不同，但西方人类学走出困境的对策对于中国人类学是有启示意义的。因为实际上两者都是要实现由传统人类学向现代人类学的转变。     

中国人类学发展的新篇章──北京大学“社会·文化人类学高级研讨班”简介

中国人类学发展的新篇章──北京大学“社会·文化人类学高级研讨班”简介杰杰中国人类学发展的新篇章，于１９９５年６月２１日在北京大学经国家教委批准，由北京大学社会人类学研究的承办的“社会·文化人类学高级研讨班”的开班典礼揭开。作为当代世界人文社会科学中一...     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.