中国苦苣苔科唇柱苣苔属花粉形态研究及其系统学意义

本文对中国苦苣苔科唇柱苣苔属14种花粉形态进行了扫描电镜观察。花粉均具三拟孔沟，形状大多为近扁球形，少数为球形或长球形，极面观大多为近三角形，少数为近圆形、圆形或三裂圆形，赤道面观大多为近圆形，少数为圆形或椭圆形。研究表明：唇柱苣苔属在系、组不同分类水平上，各种类的花粉在大小、花粉沟特征和表面纹饰等方面有一定的差别，此结果与唇柱苣苔属下的组系分类是基本一致的。     

中国苦苣苔科长蒴苣苔属花粉形态研究

本文对中国苦苣苔科长蒴苣苔属8种花粉形态进行了扫描电镜观察。花粉均具三拟孔沟，形状为近长球形，极面观为三裂圆形，赤道面观为椭圆形，花粉沟相当长且相当窄，内陷，沟膜有颗粒突起。研究表明：长蒴苣苔属各种类花粉在形状和花粉沟等主要特征上具有很好的一致性，但在表面纹饰上有一定的区别。     

山东蔷薇科植物花粉亚显微形态研究

报道了山东蔷薇科２２种、２变种植物花粉亚显微形态特征的研究结果，花粉的外部形态呈长球形和近长球形；具三孔沟；外壁纹饰多数种是条嵴和覆盖层穿孔；少数种类只有覆盖层穿孔，条嵴不明显。花粉粒的大小，外壁纹饰的细微特片各种间差别十分显著。     

几种常见观赏植物花粉的电镜观察

用扫描电镜对金盏菊等观赏植物的花粉进行了形态观察,探讨了不同科属植物花粉之间的关系.结果显示,菊科(金盏菊和绿串珠)花粉为近球形或扁球形,表面为脑网状纹饰,具刺状突起;芸香科(佛手、柚和金桔)花粉为长球形,表面具清晰的网状纹饰或穴状纹饰;木兰科(含笑和广玉兰)花粉为两侧对称,表面为拟网状或脑网状纹饰;百合科(百合和吊兰)花粉为两侧对称,表面为网状或穴状纹饰;蔷薇科(野蔷薇和月季)花粉为长球形,表面为条纹状或皱波状纹饰.表明不同科属植物的花粉大小、形状、表面纹饰不同,可作为植物学分类的依据.     

枸杞属(Lycium Linn.)13份供试材料花粉形态研究

对枸杞属(Lycium Linn.)7种3变种及3个种间杂交后代植株的花粉形态进行了扫描电子显微镜观察.研究结果表明,13份枸杞属供试材料花粉为长球形或近球形,极面观均为三裂片圆形;具三孔萌发沟,直达两极,沟的深浅、孔膜是否明显外突各种间存在差异;外壁条状纹饰作纵向排列,不同的条状纹饰、条纹表面的不规则细横纹以及表面的穿孔是不同种间花粉的区别点;花粉的大小在各种间也有不同程度的差异;并根据花粉形态建立了7种3变种的分类检索表.     

中国脓疮草属（Panzeria）植物花粉形态的研究

首次用扫描电镜观察了国产胶疮草属（Ｐａｎｚｅｒｉａ）２种１７个供试材料的花粉形态．该属植物花粉形态相对一致，花粉粒长球形、近长球形、长圆球形或扁圆球形；大小为２７．１７μｍ×１９．７７μｍ；具三沟，沟膜上往往具颗粒；外壁具网状纹饰，极少为穿孔－网状纹饰．     

内蒙古五种豆科(Leguminosae)植物花粉形态

作者用扫描电子显微镜首次观察了内蒙古五种豆科植物的花粉形态,该五种分别属于黄耆、棘豆和雀儿豆等三个属。黄耆与棘豆属花粉形态比较一致;花粉粒一般长球形,具3-孔沟;外壁具小穿孔状雕纹。花粉粒大小与穿孔直径的大小因种而异。雀儿豆属的花粉形态比较特殊,明显区别于前两个属;花粉粒扁圆球形。极面观近三角形;具3-孔沟,外壁在沟间区具近脑纹状纹饰,在沟界极区具小疣和小穿孔。具近脑纹状纹饰的花粉前人在山羊豆族里尚未发现。此外,作者根据本文结果结合前人的工作探讨了花粉形态对该三属的分类学价值。     

中国东北槭树属（AcerL.）七种植物花粉形态研究

用光学显微镜和扫描电镜观察了分布于我国东北地区的七种槭树属（ＡｃｅｒＬ．）植物花粉形态,本属花粉为近球形,亚长球形,亚扁球形,极面观为三裂圆形,花粉大小为（２１．４～３５．５）μｍ×（１８．７～３３．９）μｍ萌发孔类型为三沟,三拟孔沟,根据扫描电镜观察,槭树属花粉外壁多为条状纹饰,有时在条状纹饰上分布着许多小穿孔,只有糖槭（ＡｃｅｒｎｅｇｕｎｄｏＬ．）花粉外壁为细网状纹饰,网脊相连成条纹,花粉形态     

枸杞属（Lycium Linn．）13份供试材料花粉形态研究

对枸杞属（Lycium Linn．）7种3变种及3个种间杂交后代植株的花粉形态进行了扫描电子显微镜观察．研究结果表明,13份枸杞属供试材料花粉为长球形或近球形,极面观均为三裂片圆形;具三孔萌发沟,直达两极,沟的深浅、孔膜是否明显外突各种间存在差异;外壁条状纹饰作纵向排列,不同的条状纹饰、条纹表面的不规则细横纹以及表面的穿孔是不同种间花粉的区别点;花粉的大小在各种间也有不同程度的差异;并根据花粉形态建立了7种3变种的分类检索表。     

山东绣线菊属花粉形态研究及其在分类上的意义

报道了山东绣线菊属（Spiraea L.)6种植物花粉的亚显微形态特征,花粉粒赤道面观呈近长球形或近球形,极面观呈三裂圆形,具三孔沟;表面纹饰是条脊和覆盖层穿孔;花粉粒极轴长9.3-16.1um,赤道轴宽7．1－8．8um,研究结果表明,绣线菊属花粉的亚显微形态特征支持传统的属级和种级水平的分类。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.