自混合熔盐燃烧合成LiMn_2O_4的初步研究

以低熔点醋酸锂(70℃)和醋酸锰(80℃)为原料,在不添加任何燃料的条件下,用熔盐燃烧合成法制备尖晶石型LiMn2O4正极材料.研究了600℃点燃温度下,不同保温时间以及2次焙烧的工艺条件对产物的影响.结果表明,在600℃通过延长保温时间不能得到单相尖晶石型LiMn2O4产物,只能得到主晶相为尖晶石型LiMn2O4的产物.保温时间1 h时产物中有Mn3O4和Mn2O3 2种杂质,而保温时间达3 h及以上时,产物中只有Mn2O3杂质,其中以保温时间6 h得到的LiMn2O4含量最高,杂质最少;产物经600℃2次焙烧12 h后可得到单相尖晶石型LiMn2O4物质,且增加焙烧时间大于12 h后对样品中成分基本无影响;产物中LiMn2O4的结晶性随焙烧时间增加而逐渐增加.     

高密度锂离子正极材料前驱体Ni_(0.8)Co_(0.2-x)Al_x(OH)_2的制备

采用二次干燥的化学共沉淀法制备出了Co-Al共掺杂的高密度锂离子电池正极材料前驱体Ni0.8Co0.2-xAlx(OH)2(X=0,0.05,0.1,0.15,0.2).研究了不同Co-Al的掺杂比例,NaOH溶液的浓度、滴定速率、烘干方式等因素对前驱体振实密度的影响.XRD分析表明,不同掺杂比例的Ni0.8Co0.2-xAlx(OH)2均为六方层状的β型结构,晶型结构规整.充放电测试表明以此前驱体与LiNO3反应制得的LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2材料具有良好的电化学性能.     

锂离子电池正极材料LiNi_(0.8)Co_(0.15)Al_(0.05)O_2的制备及性能研究

以Ni SO4·6H2O、Co SO4·7H2O和Al2(SO4)3·18H2O为原料,氨水为络合剂,在碱性条件下通过液相共沉淀法制备了前驱体Ni0.8Co0.15Al0.05(OH)2。将前驱体与Li OH·H2O混合均匀后在氧气氛围下煅烧得到锂离子正极材料Li Ni0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2;通过X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和电化学性能测试仪对样品性能进行了表征。研究结果表明,在2.8~4.3V电压范围内,在0.1C、0.2C和1C的充放电倍率下,首次放电比容量分别为186.6m Ah·g-1、184.8m Ah·g-1和176.7m Ah·g-1;在0.2C倍率下循环10次后,放电比容量为177.6m Ah·g-1,容量保持率为96.1%;在1C倍率下循环40次后,放电比容量为150.1m Ah·g-1,容量保持率为85.0%。     

CH4三自热重整制合成气催化剂的制备与性能

以稀土氧化物(CeO2、La2O3)为助剂对Ni/类水滑石催化剂进行改性,用于CH4三自热重整反应,旨在改善催化剂的活性和稳定性。以共沉淀法先制得铈(镧)掺杂的镁铝类水滑石(LDHs),焙烧后再以浸渍法负载镍活性组分得到Ni/LDHs前驱体,再焙烧得到NiO/CeO2(La2O3)-MgO-Al2O3催化剂。用ICP-AES进行Ni、Mg、Al元素分析,BET法测试催化剂比表面积,XRD表征催化剂物相,H2-TPR表征催化剂活性中心。考察了原料气组成为n(CH4)∶n(CO2)∶n(H2O)∶n(O2)=1∶0.5∶1.8∶0.1时催化剂在750℃、0.1MPa条件下CH4三自热催化重整的稳定性及积炭性能。结果表明,制得的Ni/CeO2(La2O3)-MgO-Al2O3催化剂中,Ni组分以NiO形式存在于催化剂表面,能降低催化剂还原活化温度;在催化剂中掺杂CeO2(La2O3)对其活性有一定程度的调控作用,且能够很好地改善催化剂的抗积碳性能;当Ni的质量分数为10%、Al与Mg的质量比为1.7时,催化活性较好,750℃、0.1 MPa时,CH4转化率达到92.3%,CO2转化率达到98.3%;反应100 h后,Ni/CeO2(La2O3)-MgO-Al2O3催化剂上的CH4转化率仍可维持在75%以上。     

Li-Mn-Al-O锂离子正极材料的合成及其性能

以Mn2O3,Al(NO3)3.9H2O和LiOH.H2O为原料,采用固相合成法制备掺铝锰酸锂材料。研究结果表明:掺铝样品是一种复相,物相组成为尖晶石LiMn2O4和单斜型Li2MnO3;掺铝后材料颗粒粒度变小,晶体形状为类球形;该材料性能介于层状LiMnO2和尖晶石LiMn2O4性能之间,当掺铝量为0.1时,最高容量可达197mA.h.g-1,循环20次后,容量还高于在190 mA.h.g-1;掺铝可提高材料的电导率,促进锂离子在电极中的迁移,提高材料电化学性能。     

B位掺杂对固体氧化物燃料电池连接材料La0．85Sr0．15CrO3性能的影响

研究La0.85Sr0.15CrO3 B位(Cr位)掺杂不同的金属离子(Ni、Cu、Co、Ti、Ni Co) 的烧结性能、热膨胀和电子电导率.实验发现:离子掺杂可以降低La0.85Sr0.15CrO3的烧结温度;掺杂Ni对提高系统烧结性能最有效,La0.85Sr0.15Cr0.95Ni0.05O3的相对密度可达到94%;掺杂Co或者Cu能提高La0.85Sr0.15CrO3的热膨胀系数,而Ni和Ti 掺杂则有相反作用.所有试样在300 ～ 1 000 ℃具有线性热膨胀性,La0.85Sr0.15Cr0.95Ni0.02Co0.02O3在1 000 ℃空气气氛中的热膨胀系数为10.6×10-6/℃,和摩尔分数为8%的Y2O3稳定的ZrO2 (8YSZ) 电解质的热膨胀系数相匹配.与B位一元掺杂的La0.85Sr0.15CrO3试样相比,La0.85Sr0.15Cr0.95Ni0.02Co0.02O3 在675 ～ 850 ℃温度范围内显示出更高的电子电导率.     

LiMn2-2xCoxCrxO3.95F0.05正极材料的合成表征及表面包覆

采用溶胶-凝胶法合成了锂锰尖晶石正极材料LiMn2-2xCoxCrxO3.95F0.05(x=0.05、0.1),并用沉淀法在其表面包覆2%的TiO2.XRD和ESEM分析表明掺杂样品以及掺杂之后再包覆TiO2的样品依然保持尖晶石结构,样品颗粒大小分布都较均匀.电化学性能测试显示LiMn2O4的首次放电容量为124.4 mA.h/g,50次循环后容量损失43.2%,而多元掺杂样品LiMn1.9Co0.05Cr0.05O3.95F0.05和LiMn1.8Co0.1Cr0.1O3.95F0.05的初始放电容量分别为114.7和103.4 mA.h/g,100次循环后容量损失为9.7%和4.1%.LiMn1.9Co0.05Cr0.05O3.95F0.05包覆2%TiO2和LiMn1.8Co0.1Cr0.1O3.95F0.05包覆2%TiO2样品的初始放电容量为109.3和96.6 mA.h/g,100次循环后容量损失为5.0%和3.5%,经过改性后材料的循环性能得到改善.     

正尖晶石型LiMn2O4的制备及性能

采用乙二胺四乙酸-柠檬酸(EDTA-CA)络合法,以硝酸锂、硝酸锰为原料制备了正尖晶石型LiMn2O4超细粉末晶体,采用FTIR、TG-DSC、XRD、SEM、TEM和BET等手段对LiMn2O4的前驱体及LiMn2O4粉末进行了表征.结果表明:当Li/Mn摩尔比为0.6、(Mn Li)/(EDTA CA)摩尔比为0.5时,在600℃下煅烧4 h,制备出的LiMn2O4粉末为正尖晶石型,其BET比表面积为7.994 8m2/g,粒径小至40 nm,有轻微团聚.LiMn2O4脱嵌后对Li 的最大吸附容量达5.3mmol/g.     

放电等离子烧结制备Ca2Co2O5陶瓷过程中Co价态分析

采用(NH4)2C2O4共沉淀法制备出CaC2O4和CoC2O4前驱物,在800℃对前驱物煅烧8 h得粉体组成为Ca2Co2O5,Co3O4,CaO,该粉体经放电等离子烧结(SPS)后所得陶瓷块体为纯相Ca2Co2O5,利用X光电子能谱(XPS)分析了烧结前后样品中Co元素价态.     

尖晶石型LiMn1.925Co0.025Ti0.025Sn0.025O4的合成及性能研究

利用高温固相法制备了尖晶石型LiMn2O4、LiMn1．925Co0．075O4、LiMn1．925Co0.0375Ti0.0375O4、LiMn1．925Co0．025Ti0.025Sn0.025O4锂离子电池正极材料，并用XRD、充放电测试、循环伏安、电化学阻抗测试等研究了其结构和电化学性能．结果表明：掺杂样品均为单一尖晶石结构，在0．2C和3．0-4．2V条件下恒流充放电，发现掺杂后材料的循环性能有很大改善，其中LiMn1．925Co0．025Ti0．025Sn0．025O4具有较高的放电容量，50次循环后容量衰仅为7．97％．活性物质在不同的电位下具有不同的电化学特性，电化学阻抗谱明显不同，并对其进行了解释．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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