Cu-Zn-Al形状记忆合金在人工体液中耐蚀性研究

在Hank′s人工模拟体液中对Cu-Zn-Al形状记忆合金的耐蚀性进行了研究. 结果表明,经过热处理的Cu-Zn-Al 形状记忆合金的自由表面试样及缝隙试样的阳极性能得到改善,且体系 的腐蚀电位较高. 腐蚀后试样的扫描电镜观察和电子能谱分析表明,Cu-Zn-Al形状记忆合 金为β单相组织,电化学性能较未处理合金更为均一. 在人工体液中,Cu-Zn-Al形状记 忆合金的腐蚀为层状脱锌腐蚀,且Cl-参与了腐蚀历程,腐蚀产物中含CuCl2·3Cu(OH)2.     

无锡钢电镀过程中阳极材料电化学特性

研究了不同阳极在含铬溶液、含氟溶液和铬氟混合溶液中的交流阻抗谱,旨在弄清电镀过程中阳极材料的电化学特性.结果表明,铬离子、氟离子和铬氟混合离子在溶液中聚合形式对阳极材料的电化学特性有着重要影响.碳阳极和铅合金阳极在含铬溶液中可形成感抗现象,具有较小的极化电阻,而铅氧化物阳极在含铬溶液中具有较大的极化电阻.在铬氟离子混合溶液中,碳阳极和铅合金阳极表面感抗现象消失,且碳阳极极化电阻提高,铅氧化物阳极极化电阻降低,但铅合金阳极极化电阻明显高于碳阳极和铅氧化物阳极;铅氧化物阳极的导电能力大大提高.     

酸性氯离子溶液中硫代硫酸根对800合金腐蚀机理

综合采用动电位极化曲线、电化学噪声(EN)技术和3D显微镜相结合,研究了800合金在酸性模拟缝隙水化学中的腐蚀行为,分析了S_2O_3~(2-)浓度对合金在酸性Cl~-环境下腐蚀过程的影响与机理.实验结果表明:在含有Cl~-和S_2O_3~(2-)的酸性溶液中,800合金表面为活性溶解状态,腐蚀速度较快.酸性环境中,极微量的S_2O_3~(2-)对800合金在Cl~-溶液中的腐蚀没有显著影响;随着S_2O_3~(2-)浓度的增加,极化曲线向电位较负方向偏移,相同电位条件下阳极电流密度显著增加,阴极电流略微增大.EN测试结果表明,酸性Cl~-溶液中加入0.075,mol/L S_2O_3~(2-)后噪声电阻降低了约2个数量级,电流标准偏差增加了约2个数量级,这是由于S_2O_3~(2-)的加入加速了合金的阳极溶解过程.     

铝合金在3.5%NaCl中电化学腐蚀行为研究

铝是一种广泛应用于工业生产的金属元素,因此铝及其合金的耐蚀性能的研究对工业生产有着重要的意义。在制备阶段采用阳极氧化法对铝合金表面进行预处理,于是在合金表面获得了一层较致密的氧化膜。在电化学测试阶段利用PARM273A和M5210电化学综合测试系统,通过测定电化学极化曲线和交流阻抗谱研究了基体铝合金和阳极氧化处理后的铝合金在3.5%NaCl溶液中的电化学腐蚀行为。电化学测试结果表明:与基体合金相比,在3.5%NaCl溶液中,经过阳极氧化预处理后的铝合金的腐蚀电流明显下降,并且电荷传递电阻明显升高,说明经阳极氧化预处理后铝合金的耐腐蚀性能加强,腐蚀速度下降;阳极氧化后,铝合金在3.5%NaCl溶液中的阻抗图谱呈单容抗弧,因此腐蚀过程受电化学控制。     

离子注入TiNi SMA及Co合金耐蚀性与血液相容性研究

采用离子注入法对生物医用TiNi形状记忆合金及二种Co合金进行表面改性，利用电化学测试技术，动态凝血时间及溶血率的测量，研究了改性前后合金的耐蚀性及血液相容性，结果表明，离子注入后合金的电化学稳定性显著提高，阳极极化性能变优，对TiNi、CoCrNiW和CoCrNiMo合金分别进行Mo C和Ti C双离子注入后，表面改性合金的腐蚀电位升高200mV以上，维钝电流密度减小，钝化区拓宽；合金的凝血时间延长，溶血率下降，说明离子注入提高了合金的耐蚀性及血液相容性，其中双离子注入较单离子注入效果更为显著，对双离子注入合金进行X射线衍射分析发现，在TiNi合金表面主要形成了TiC相及少量TiO、Mo2C、Mo9Ti4及Mo，在Co合金表面主要为CoCx和Co3Ti及少量TiC、TiO相，这些相弥散分布在合金表面，形成无序膜层，阻止了合金元素溶解，改善了合金的耐蚀性及血液相容性。     

用丝束电极研究亚硝酸钠对低碳钢缝隙腐蚀的影响

在5％NaCl溶液和5％NaCl＋5％NaNO2溶液中,采用丝束电极技术测量了低砖、钢缝隙内、外的自腐蚀电位和电化学阻抗谱,研究了亚硝酸钠对低碳钢缝隙腐蚀的影响．结果表明,在5％NaCl溶液中,缝隙内的碳钢为阳极、缝隙外为阴极;随浸泡时间增加,腐蚀不均匀性增加．加入5％NaNO2后,缝隙内外的腐蚀电位都正移,电位差减小,碳钢的腐蚀速度显著降低．亚硝酸钠使碳钢表面形成致密氧化膜,有效抑制了碳钢的缝隙腐蚀．     

合金元素对铝阳极电化学性能的影响

通过正交试验法研究Mg,Sn和Hg元素对铝合金阳极电化学性能的影响,采用恒电流扫描法、动电位极化法和排水析氢法检测Al-Mg-Sn-Hg阳极的电化学性能和腐蚀性能,采用环境扫描电镜结合能谱分析研究A1-Mg-Sn-Hg阳极的表面形貌和显微组织.结果表明:Sn和Hg的加入使得一部分Mg与2种元素形成第二相,成为80℃、大电流密度下铝阳极活化的主要因素,并能很好地抑制析氢;另一部分Mg固溶在Al中,成为铝阳极保持活化状态的重要原因;得到了综合性能优良的Al-Mg-Sn-Hg铝合金阳极材料,它在电流密度为650 mA/cm2、80℃、4.5％的NaOH溶液中稳定电位为-1.707 V,析氢速率为0.38 mL/(cm2.min).     

温度对Al-Zn-In-Sn-Mg阳极性能影响的探讨

对Al 5Zn 0 .0 5In 0 .1Sn 1Mg合金牺牲阳极进行 5 10℃× 10h的固溶处理 ,测定了未经固溶处理和经固溶处理的阳极在 2 0℃和 6 5℃ 30 g/L的溶液中的电化学性能 ,并进行交流阻抗测试 .结果表明 :温度升高 ,铝阳极电化学性能和溶解性能变差 ;固溶处理对阳极性能改善有利 ;高温下 ,铝阳极晶粒脱落和析氢自腐蚀更剧烈导致阳极电流效率下降 .     

纯铝在氯化钠热水溶液中电化学行为的研究

通过电化学分析方法研究了经不同表面处理的纯铝在90 ℃下,3.5%氯化钠溶液中的电化学行为及特点.结果表明,经阳极氧化法处理后的纯铝的耐蚀性远优于未经任何处理的样品;对于经过阳极氧化处理的样品,沸水封孔的试样耐蚀性明显优于未封孔的试样;在相同处理时间,不同电流密度下,随着电流密度的增加,样品点蚀电位不断增加,试样的抗点蚀能力增强;在相同电流密度,不同处理时间下,试样的点蚀电位随时间的增加呈不断下降的趋势,表明点蚀容易发生.最终得到,在阳极氧化电流密度为2 A/dm2,时间为10 min的条件下,试样表面处理工艺最佳.     

稀土镧对Mg-7Al-2Zn镁合金阳极材料腐蚀和电化学性能的影响

制备了Mg-7Al-2Zn、Mg-7Al-2Zn-0.05La、Mg-7Al-2Zn-0.10La 3种镁合金阳极材料,研究了稀土镧元素对合金在质量分数为3.5%的NaCl溶液中的腐蚀和电化学性能的影响。采用析氢和自腐蚀测试、扫描电子显微镜、电化学工作站、蓝电测试系统,研究了镁阳极的腐蚀行为和电化学性能。结果表明：镧元素的添加显著抑制了Mg-7Al-2Zn合金的析氢反应,提高了合金的耐蚀性,腐蚀方式由不均匀腐蚀向均匀腐蚀转变。添加少量的La可以保持镁合金的活性。Mg-7Al-2Zn-0.05La合金作为阳极材料时,镁空气电池的放电电压和能量密度达到最大值,分别为0.96 V和1 092.8 mWh·g^-1。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-