纳米TiO2玻璃膜的制备与表征

以钛酸丁酯和无水乙醇为原料，加硝酸银引入银离子，采用溶胶凝胶法和浸渍提拉法在玻璃表面施涂膜层，控制提拉速度6cm／min，经500℃热处理，制得均匀透明的多孔纳米TiO2玻璃．通过对样品XRD、SEM等分析的研究，二氧化钛薄膜主要呈锐钛矿相，而且其纳米颗粒大小在50-100nm范围．以大肠杆菌为菌种，对样品进行抗菌测试结果表明：银的抗菌机理为银离子接触抗菌，添加少量银离子，薄膜即有良好的抗菌能力．透光率分析表明纳米TiO2玻璃的透光性较好，在可见光范围内相对于普通玻璃的透光率在65％以上。     

TiO2纳米薄膜的制备与性能研究

文章采用溶胶-凝胶法、浸渍提拉法在玻璃表面上制备TiO2纳米薄膜。通过XRD、SEM等表征手段,对其晶型、粒径、光催化脱色性、透光率和耐蚀性等进行研究,研究结果证实TiO2纳米薄膜/玻璃具有纳米粒径且分布均匀,透光率相当于普通玻璃的70%,该膜具有结合力强、耐蚀性好、对低质量浓度甲基橙溶液的氧化脱色活性高等特点。     

纳米TiO2/玻璃膜的制备及其光催化性能

以钛醇盐为原料, 采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了纳米TiO2/玻璃薄膜. XRD、AFM和厚度分析表明,纳米TiO2/玻璃薄膜中TiO2为锐钛矿型结构, 粒径为纳米级, 三层膜的总厚度为200#nm.通过调节热处理温度, 能有效控制薄膜中粒子的大小.UV-VIS吸收光谱表明,TiO2/玻璃薄膜可以有效地降解罗丹明B染料废水,其光催化活性随TiO2粒径的减小而增大,受膜厚增加的影响不大.     

玻璃上透明纳米TiO2薄膜的制备

以钛醇盐为前驱物,采用溶胶-凝胶法(sol-gel)制备了透明锐钛矿型纳米TiO2薄膜.利用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)及能谱分析(EDS)对TiO2薄膜的结构及特征进行了表征.考察了酸的种类、硝酸浓度、钛酸四丁酯(TBOT)以及聚乙二醇(PEG)含量、涂膜层数和Fe3+、Cu2+离子掺杂等因素对涂膜玻璃光催化活性和透明性的影响.结果表明所制备的TiO2薄膜主要以锐钛矿形式存在,膜层数低于5层时,薄膜表面光滑透明;随着膜层数的增加,薄膜的光催化活性增加,透明性和透光率下降.当膜层数为14层时,光催化活性达到最高80%,在可见光范围内的透光率为70%.适量铁或铜离子的掺杂,均可提高薄膜的光催化活性,并且离子掺杂不影响薄膜的透明性和透光率,两者的最佳掺杂浓度均为1.0×10-5 mol·L-1.     

纳米TiO_2薄膜对痕量Cu(Ⅱ)的吸附研究

应用溶胶-凝胶法,以玻璃为基底,制备了表面结构均匀的纳米TiO2薄膜.SEM和XRD分析结果表明,TiO2薄膜由粒径50 nm左右的锐钛矿TiO2颗粒构成.利用纳米TiO2的表面吸附活性,系统研究了纳米TiO2薄膜对于水中痕量Cu(Ⅱ)的吸附活性.探讨了溶液的pH值、吸附时间、Cu(Ⅱ)初始质量浓度对纳米TiO2薄膜吸附率的影响,确定了最佳吸附条件.纳米TiO2薄膜对Cu(Ⅱ)的吸附等温线为"L"型,表现出单分子层吸附特征.1.0 mol/L硝酸可将吸附在薄膜表面的Cu(Ⅱ)洗脱.     

Sol-gel法制备纳米TiO2及其对亚甲基蓝染料光催化降解的研究

采用以溶胶-凝胶浸渍提拉法制备出玻璃负载纳米TiO2,并用以处理亚甲基蓝染料溶液,同时对玻璃负载的纳米TiO2薄膜进行了表征.通过SEM研究表明,玻璃负载的TiO2的直径介于30～50nm之间.研究表明其光催化活性随TiO2单位负载量的增加而增长,纳米TiO2光催化降解亚甲基蓝反应符合一级反应动力学方程,其表观速率常数为3.8×10-3/s.     

氮对光催化性能的影响:TiO_2纳米球和纳米线对比研究

使用阳极氧化和氨气退火N化的方法制备了N掺杂的TiO2纳米球薄膜和纳米线薄膜.经过N掺杂TiO2纳米线薄膜与未掺杂纳米线可见光区的光吸收强度相差不大,能带宽度从未掺杂样品的3.2eV缩小为3.1eV.TiO2纳米球薄膜在可见光区的光吸收显著增强,能带宽度由未掺杂样品的3.2eV缩小为2.8eV,同时纳米球生长被抑制,其直径约为50nm,明显小于未掺杂TiO2样品的100mn.在可见光照射TiO2氮掺杂纳米线薄膜和纳米球薄膜降解4h后,溶液中亚甲基蓝的浓度分别降至45%和44%,N掺杂样品获得了优异的可见光光催化活性.研究表明N掺杂导致的O空穴浓度增加和能带宽度有效减小是其可见光区光催化活性增强的主要原因.     

铁离子掺杂TiO2基自洁净玻璃的制备及性能

用溶胶—凝胶法制备了表面镀有Fe—TiO2光催化薄膜的自洁净玻璃，并利用DTA—TG，XRD，SEM等手段研究了Fe—TiO2光催化薄膜的结构与特征。利用紫外—可见光分光光度计测量了不同镀膜层数的玻璃的透光率。通过光催化降解有机磷农药敌敌畏的水溶液，研究了不同铁含量以及不同镀膜层数对自洁净玻璃光催化活性的影响。研究结果表明：光催化薄膜主要由粒径为几十纳米的Fe3O4和TiO2颗粒构成；铁离子掺杂可以提高自洁净玻璃的光催化活性，在同样镀膜层数(2层)的情况下，[Fe]/[TiO2](摩尔比)＝0．005时的光催化性能最好；当用同样浓度的铁离子掺杂时，镀膜层数为9的光催化活性最高。     

银离子注入对TiN薄膜和热解碳抗菌性能的影响

用格兰氏阳性金黄葡萄球菌和格兰氏阴性大肠杆菌,研究了银离子注入TiN薄膜和热解碳的抗菌性.银离子注入能量为70 keV,注入剂量为5×1014~5×1016ions/cm2.对样品表面和近表面层进行了扫描电镜(SEM)、背散射(RBS)和俄歇分析(AES).结果表明,银离子注入后TiN薄膜和热解碳均具有抗菌性,其注入热解碳的抗菌率比注入TiN薄膜的抗菌率高.微观分析的结果表明材料的表面形貌、结构和银的分布是影响抗菌性的主要原因.     

纳米TiO_(2-x)N_x光催化薄膜的制备及其性能表征

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备TiO2溶胶,负载于玻璃微珠表面,并采用NH3气氛焙烧法制得掺氮纳米TiO2薄膜.运用X射线粉末衍射仪、扫描电镜和紫外-可见漫反射吸收光谱等技术,考察不同焙烧温度和负载次数对掺氮的TiO2样品性能的影响.研究结果表明,350,400,450℃热处理的样品的晶相为锐钛矿相,而在500℃时开始出现金红石相,且随温度的进一步升高,金红石相的含量逐渐增多;掺氮的TiO2样品具有可见光吸收性能,450℃热处理的样品达到最佳,其吸收边红移至约720 nm.另外,薄膜的厚度对样品的光催化性能影响显著,负载3次后,样品对罗丹明B的光催化活性最高.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to