碱-粉煤灰-矿渣水泥作GRC胶结材的试验研究

研究了影响碱-粉煤灰-碱矿渣水泥(AAFSC)的强度的因素．测定了其凝结时间。结果表明：当水玻璃掺量为3％，硅酸盐水泥熟料为5％以及适量减水剂，其28d抗压强度大于50MPa，且凝结时间正常。AAFSC浆体浸泡液的pH值随着水化龄期的生长而降低，SEM照片显示抗碱玻璃纤维在从FSC浆体中所受侵蚀极小。     

水泥-红黏土注浆堵水性能试验及现场应用研究

为解决纯水泥浆注浆成本高、结石率低及凝结时间长等问题，对水泥-红黏土注浆材料进行研究。通过试验，分析水固比和红黏土掺量对浆液析水率、结石率、流动度、黏度及凝结时间的影响规律。结果表明，水固比一定时，浆液中红黏土掺量与析水率呈负相关，与结石率呈正相关；纯水泥浆液中掺入红黏土，流动度减弱，掺入红黏土可有效降低浆液凝结时间，浆液凝结时间与红黏土掺量呈负相关。浆液水固比为0.8,红黏土掺量为50%时，效果较优，初始黏度低，流动度接近纯水泥浆液，与传统水泥浆液相比，凝结固化时间低，析水率低，结石率达95%以上；通过现场工业试验，单孔每米注浆可节省水泥量约213 kg,大大减少水泥用量，降低注浆成本，检查孔检测注浆后透水率为3.52 Lu,防渗堵水效果较好，对地下水进行有效拦截，保证矿山安全可持续开采。     

高烧失量粉煤灰对水泥浆体的力学和耐久性能的影响研究

探讨了粉煤灰的烧失量对水泥复合粉煤灰浆体的力学和耐久性能的影响。当水泥粉煤灰质量比为0．2且所选用的粉煤灰烧失量为20％时，各项性能表现出最差的结果，分别是为7d抗压强度仅为2MPa，28d强度也仅为3．92MPa；最大干缩和膨胀应变为1052×10^-6和708×10^-6；各龄期内粉煤灰的水化程度也相当低。     

粉煤灰全尾砂胶结充填中活化剂的应用

在对柿竹园有色金属矿全尾砂及鲤鱼江发电厂粉煤灰的物理力学性质和化学成份分析的基础上．通过大量试验确定了粉煤灰全尾砂胶结充填中活化剂种类及其最佳掺加量(占粉煤灰的质量分数)为：石灰3．0％、石膏2．0％、CaCl20．5％～1．5％．借助硬化体扫描电镜观测结果。揭示了活化剂的作用机理。     

矿粉掺量对膨胀稳定性浆液性能的影响

为解决普通水泥浆液析水率高、结石体体积收缩的问题,首先,以普通水泥浆液为基础,通过掺加膨润土和外加剂配制出一种膨胀稳定性浆液,进而掺加矿粉等量替代水泥;然后,分析矿粉掺量对浆液析水率、流动度、凝结时间以及结石体抗压强度、膨胀性、抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能的影响规律;最后,采用XRD和SEM方法分析矿粉对浆液水化产物以及结石体微观结构特征的影响。研究结果表明：掺加矿粉不仅能保证浆液稳定性,而且能有效提高浆液的流动度和胶凝时间,有利于浆液在地层中的注入与扩散;掺加矿粉能够明显提升结石体强度和抗硫酸盐侵蚀能力,且当矿粉掺量比为45%时,提升效果最明显,而结石体自由膨胀率明显下降。随矿粉掺量增大,结石体内钙矾石衍射峰降低且数量减少,表明矿粉不利于结石体膨胀性的发挥;二氧化硅衍射峰随龄期增长而降低,矿粉掺量比为60%时,结石体内仍可见矿粉颗粒,表明矿粉活性随养护龄期增长而逐渐激发,但掺量过大时,矿粉无法完全反应,导致结石体强度增幅减小。掺加矿粉有利于提升膨胀稳定性浆液可注性、强度与抗侵蚀能力,但不利于发挥其膨胀性。     

矿物掺合料对硅酸盐水泥-硫铝酸盐水泥复合体系凝结时间及强度的影响

目的研究硅酸盐水泥-硫铝酸盐水泥复掺后的凝结时间及力学性能.方法分别测试不同硅酸盐水泥、矿物掺合料掺量下硅酸盐水泥-硫铝酸盐水泥复合体系的凝结时间及胶砂强度,并利用X射线衍射仪和扫描电子显微镜进行矿物组成和结构分析.结果硅酸盐水泥-硫铝酸盐水泥复合体系的凝结时间随硅酸盐水泥掺量的增大先减小再增大,随掺合料掺量的增大先减小再增大.硅酸盐水泥-硫铝酸盐水泥复合体系的强度随着硅酸盐水泥的增加先减小后增大,硅酸盐水泥掺量为10%时,3d抗压强度减小10.67%;随着掺合料的增大而降低,掺合料掺量为40%时,矿粉、粉煤灰3 d抗压强度分别减小44.5%和47.9%.结论两种水泥复掺会缩短凝结时间,降低强度,水化产物减少,结构疏松;粉煤灰和矿粉的掺入会延长凝结时间,减小强度,水化产物减少.     

不同相对分子质量木素磺酸钙减水剂的性能

应用超滤分级方法，将木素磺酸钙分成不同相对分子质量范围的级分，发现高相对分子质量的级分比低相对分子质量的级分具有更高的表面活性和起泡性能；低相对分子质量（小于30000）级分在水泥颗粒表面和饱和吸附量随相对分子质量的增大而增加，而高相对分子级分的饱和吸附量基本不受相对分子质量的影响；当木素磺酸钙的掺杂量高于0．5％（质量分数）时，其对水泥的分散作用随相对分子质量的增大而增强。随着木素磺酸钙相对分子质量的增大，掺木素磺酸钙的水泥净浆流动度损失逐渐减少，混凝土的含气量增大，抗压强度降低。     

粉煤灰掺量与砂浆强度和水化参量的关系

对水胶比为0.15,I级粉煤灰掺量分别占胶凝材料总量（质量分数）为0,0.20,0.30,0.45和0.55的砂浆试样,经标准养护（d)7,28,90,180和365时的抗压强度、浆体非蒸发水量和CH含量,进行了系统测试,试验数据经回归分析,发现粉煤灰掺量与砂浆抗压强度、非蒸发水量和CH含量之间,分别存在很好的线性相关关系,从中,可以定量研究在不同的粉煤灰掺量和养护龄期时,粉煤灰效应对大掺量粉煤灰水泥基材料的力学性能和水化进程的影响规律。     

基于再生微粉的复合胶凝体系水化特性研究

为了解基于再生微粉的复合胶凝材料的水化硬化机理，本文将再生微粉和粉煤灰单掺或与硅灰复掺以50%、60%、70%的取代率取代水泥制备水泥净浆试件，研究其抗压强度、水化放热速率、放热量及水化产物的变化规律。结果表明：随着取代率增加，胶凝材料抗压强度降低，取代率为50%时，胶凝材料力学性能最佳，其中复掺再生微粉和硅灰龄期为7d时，其抗压强度达到了29.1MPa;复掺再生微粉和硅灰的早期放热速率与复掺粉煤灰和硅灰基本一致，但加速了二次放热且放热量均低于纯水泥组；通过XRD试验可以发现，随着取代率增大，复掺再生微粉和硅灰的Ca(OH)₂衍射峰逐渐减弱，表明其促进了二次水化，也证明了再生微粉具有火山灰活性，且再生微粉的火山灰活性大于粉煤灰。该结果可为研发生态建筑材料提供理论支撑。     

粉煤灰在下向分层胶结充填采矿中的应用试验

针对粉煤灰替代水泥的充填体强度普遍偏低和充填体脆性增大,对安全生产带来安全隐患的问题.采用粉煤灰替代水泥的胶结充填配比试验.研究结果表明:粉煤灰替代水泥的充填料浆流动性好,有利于充填料浆管道输送.但充填体强度随着粉煤灰替代量增加而降低,对于早期强度尤为突出根据金川镍矿下向进路式采矿对充填体强度要求,确定了粉煤灰最高掺入质量分数为13%.同时还对掺入粉煤灰的水泥特性和技术标准开展研究,制定掺粉煤灰水泥的技术标准,为粉煤灰在金川镍矿的安全、高效和经济的心用奠定基础.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to