Ce-MCM-41分子筛催化臭氧氧化水中腐殖酸

采用水热法合成铈掺杂MCM-41（Ce-MCM-41）介孔分子筛,并将其用于臭氧氧化水中腐殖酸.本文研究了催化剂投加量、铈掺杂量、反应温度和初始pH对腐殖酸降解及矿化的影响. 结果表明,腐殖酸在Ce-MCM-41/O3体系内可实现有效降解. 与单独臭氧氧化相比,Ce-MCM-41催化剂的加入可提高臭氧氧化腐殖酸的矿化效果. 催化剂投加量为100 mg/L时,催化剂具有较好的催化活性,反应60min,DOC去除率为70.58%（Si/Ce=80）;三种铈掺杂量催化剂的添加均能提高腐殖酸矿化效果. 在278 ~308 K实验范围内,腐殖酸溶液的DOC去除率和UV254去除率均随反应温度升高而提高.溶液初始pH为6.0~8.5时,DOC去除率随碱性增强而略微下降. 表明温度和溶液初始pH影响催化臭氧氧化去除腐殖酸的效果. 此外,还考察了添加Ce-MCM-41对含溴水臭氧氧化过程中溴酸盐生成的影响,与单独臭氧相比,1.00 g Ce-MCM-41分子筛的加入减少了46.94%溴酸盐生成. 结果表明添加Ce-MCM-41分子筛可抑制溴酸盐的生成. 因此Ce-MCM-41分子筛可用于提高臭氧氧化腐殖酸效果和减少含溴水臭氧氧化过程中溴酸盐的生成.     

海水入侵对澳门供水中三卤甲烷形成的影响

以澳门江水为对象,探讨了旱季由于海水入侵引起的饮用水源中溴离子浓度升高对氯化消毒过程中三卤甲烷形成规律的影响.结果表明,海水入侵造成水源水中盐度和溴离子浓度升高,使处理后水三卤甲烷生成势,溴代三卤甲烷浓度及三卤甲烷致癌风险均有所升高.此外,烧杯搅拌试验结果表明,传统给水处理工艺对水中有机物及由其引起的三卤甲烷生成势及三卤甲烷致癌风险没有有效的去除效能.     

藻有机物的消毒副产物生成特性研究

采用腐殖酸、铜绿微囊藻及其胞外有机物(EOMs)、牛血清蛋白(BSA)、淀粉、DNA和鱼油分别代表和模拟腐殖酸、藻类及其EOMs、藻类蛋白质、藻类多糖、藻类核酸和藻类脂肪,并分别考察这些化合物的三卤甲烷(THMs)、卤乙酸(HAAs)和N-亚硝基二甲胺(NDMA)等消毒副产物的生成情况.结果表明,这7种有机物样品的THMs生成势分别为2.46,11.55,4.01,3.60,0.75,3.08,17.57μg/mg TOC,HAAs生成势分别为4.46,14.82,5.28,10.60,1.68,5.70,4.64μg/mg TOC,NDMA生成势分别为0.293,0.216,0.054,0.212,0,0.215,0μg/mg TOC.综合比较可知,除淀粉外的其他模拟藻有机物样品均具有较腐殖酸更高的THMs和HAAs生成势,而腐殖酸则具有较所有模拟藻有机物样品更高的NDMA生成势.     

超声催化臭氧去除滤后水中微量有机物研究

研究了超声波催化臭氧处理松花江滤后水中微量有机物的种类及其含量变化.并利用GC-MS等多种检测手段对比分析了单独超声、单独臭氧及其组合三种不同工艺氧化后,出水中微量有机物种类及质量浓度的变化.结果表明,单独超声、单独臭氧及超声强化臭氧氧化后,出水中有机物种类分别由原来的57种降为41、39、30种,三种氧化工艺对烷烃、杂环烃、芳香烃类物质去除较好,酮醛类物质氧化后明显增加.     

O_3-BAC工艺对含溴水体消毒副产物生成势的影响

该文主要研究了含溴水体在经过臭氧-生物活性炭(O3-BAC)工艺处理前后消毒副产物生成势的变化。通过加氯培养测定三卤甲烷(THMs)和卤乙酸(HAAs)的生成势。结果表明:进水经过臭氧-生物活性炭系统处理后,总三卤甲烷(TTHM)和9种卤乙酸(HAA9)的生成势均降低了20μg/L左右,抑制率在30%以上。其中,主要去除的是一些含氯的消毒副产物如三氯甲烷、二氯乙酸和三氯乙酸的前体物。当原水中含有高质量浓度的Br-时,臭氧化可能会导致含溴消毒副产物(如三溴甲烷、一溴乙酸和二溴乙酸)占总消毒副产物的分配比例升高。同时,研究表明:活性炭对于溴代副产物(Br-DBPs)前体物的去除效果低于氯代副产物(ClDBPs),因此在经过Q3-BAC工艺处理后,消毒副产物生成势中,溴代产物所占分配比例进一步增加。     

催化臭氧化降解土霉素的研究

采用Mn^2 ／MnO2复合催化剂催化臭氧化降解土霉素,结果表明Mn^2 ／MnO2复合催化剂具有较好的催化臭氧化性能．与单独臭氧化相比,反应20min后土霉素去除率由原来的2．4％提高到77．2％,60min后土霉素去除率由原来的44．5％提高到93．6％．Mn^2 ／MnO2催化剂的作用机理是催化臭氧分解产生了高活性的氧化剂——羟基自由基．     

二氧化氯预氧化控制饮用水三卤甲烷生成势的研究

为了减少饮用水中三卤甲烷（THMs）的生成,采用二氧化氯预氧化取代传统的预氯化．采用自制的二氧化氯,其纯度在99％以上,在避光／封口的条件下,投加2mg／L的二氧化氯与原水反应30min．通过超滤膜法分析不同分子量区间三卤甲烷生成势（THMFP）的变化,发现大部分小分子物质被氯化生成THMs,经二氧化氯氧化后,发现不同分子量区间的THMFP均有所降低,且部分大分子物质变为小分子物质,这些物质较难与氯发生反应生成THMs,说明THMs的生成不仅与分子量有关还与分子结构相关．另外,二氧化氯预氧化对色度和浊度都有比较明显的去除效果．     

UV/O3氧化邻苯二甲酸二甲酯溶液研究

邻苯二甲酸二甲酯为环境优先控制污染物。本文采用紫外光—臭氧氧化法、单纯紫外光照及单纯臭氧氧化法处理邻苯二甲酸二甲酯废水。结果表明：单独紫外光照及单独臭氧化对邻苯二甲酸二酯防溶液的TOC去除率很低，紫外光催化臭氧化可加速有机物的矿化。UV/O3较单独臭氧化TOC由单独臭氧化的33％可提高到100％。在同样时间条件下，UV／O3、单独O3、单独UV三者对邻苯二甲酸二甲酯矿化作用由大至小为：UV／O3、O3、UV。     

γ-Al_2O_3催化臭氧深度处理蔗渣制浆废水

对单独臭氧氧化处理制浆废水与γ-Al_2O_3催化臭氧深度处理制浆废水进行了对比研究,结果表明:γ-Al_2O_3对臭氧具有一定的催化作用,能够显著提高废水的COD_(Cr)去除率;随着主要影响因素pH值、反应温度、臭氧浓度和催化剂用量的增加,COD_(Cr)去除率均先增大后降低;同时,γ-Al_2O_3催化臭氧还能够有效地降低废水中AOX(可吸附有机卤化物)的含量;实验室条件下,处理30 min,AOX去除率可达80.4%.文中还采用扫描电镜对再生前后的γ-Al_2O_3、采用UV和GC-MS对处理前后的废水进行分析,结果显示,γ-Al_2O_3催化臭氧能大幅降低废水中的有机物种类和含量,并且能较好地降解难生物降解的有机物,其作为催化剂具有良好的稳定性,重复使用8次后,经过焙烧再生,仍可保持88.5%的催化活性.     

预臭氧化对含氮消毒副产物形成影响的分析与综述

为了实现对饮用水中含氮消毒副产物(N-DBPs)的控制,探究了臭氧化预处理对N-DBPs生成的影响.以3类典型的N-DBPs,即亚硝胺、卤代硝基甲烷和卤乙腈为研究对象,基于3类典型的N-DBPs的形成机理,整理和分析了臭氧化预处理对氯(胺)消毒处理过程中3类典型N-DBPs形成的影响.研究发现:臭氧化预处理在大部分情况下都可以降低氯(胺)消毒过程中N-DBPs的生成,然而对于一些特殊的水体,可能由于N-DBPs高生成势前体的存在,臭氧化预处理反而使得NDBPs的生成升高了.同时,针对目前臭氧化预处理的研究现状,提出了今后有待进一步研究的问题.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.