硫代甜菜碱12/十二烷基磺酸钠复配体系表面活性的研究

表面活性剂复配体系在水溶液中表现出优越的性能,其复配规律的研究,对于表面活性剂的应用具有重要的指导作用.在30℃时通过表面张力法研究了两性离子表面活性剂硫代甜菜碱12(SB3-12)和阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基磺酸钠(SDS)复配体系形成胶束能力和降低表面张力能力方面的协同作用.结果表明:复配体系在降低临界胶束浓度(CMC)和表面张力能力方面可产生明显的协同增效作用,且SB3-12和SDS的摩尔比为5∶5时增效作用最显著,其CMC和最低表面张力分别为1.80 mmol.L-1和34.90mN.m-1,明显低于单一组分.并考察了复配体系的稳定性及无水硫酸铜、β-环糊精、正丁醇对复配体系表面活性的影响,发现复配体系具有很好的稳定性,无水硫酸铜、正丁醇能提高复配体系的表面活性,而β-环糊精的加入降低了体系的表面活性.     

脂肪胺聚氧乙烯醚与 LAS 复配体系的表面活性

研究了脂肪胺聚氧乙烯醚(AE18)和十二烷基苯磺酸钠(LAS)在水溶液中相互作用.通过表面张力法测定了AE18和LAS不同比例下的临界胶束浓度(CMC).两种表面活性剂以任何比例复配时,复配体系的CMC都明显低于LAS的CMC;并且在摩尔比 n(LAS)∶n(AE18)=1∶9时,混合体系的CMC比任何单一表面活性剂CMC都低.复配体系达到CMC时的表面张力(γCMC)介于两种表面活性剂之间.运用Clint提出的理想混合胶团公式对CMC值进行了计算,与CMC实验值比较,发现随AE18摩尔分数的增加,CMC的实验值与计算值相近     

表面活性剂EQ-M与SDBS的协同效应研究

评价了阳离子型表面活性剂溴化-N-十六烷基-3-吡啶甲酸甲酯和溴化-N-十六烷基-3-吡啶甲酸乙二醇单酯(代号EQ-M)与普通阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)之间的协同效应,考察了复配比例对体系表面张力和临界胶束浓度的影响.实验结果表明:EQ-M型阳离子型表面活性剂与阴离子表面活性剂SDBS之间有强的相互作用,当EQ-M与SDBS的比例为1∶1时,二者的协调效应最强;EQ16-CH3与SDBS复配体系的cm c降低了一个数量级,EQ16-OH与SDBS复配后cm c降低了2个数量级;γcm c也有略有下降.结果还表明,头基的结构对协同效应有较大的影响,含有极性头基(羟基)的EQ16-OH与SDBS的协同效应更强,可能的原因是二者之间可以形成氢键,从而导致阴,阳离子表面活性剂之间更加紧密的排列.     

1-萘甲氧基乙酸与SDS及其复配体系的表面活性

为了提高植物生长调节物质1-萘甲氧基乙酸溶液的润湿性和渗透性,将其与SDS(十二烷基硫酸钠)等表面活性剂进行了复配.采用表面张力法测定了复配体系的表面张力.实验表明,1-萘甲氧基乙酸复配体系的表面张力显著降低.其中,SDS与DTAB(十二烷基三甲基溴化铵)摩尔比为1∶1体系的增效作用最佳;SDS与OP—10(聚乙二醇辛基苯基醚)摩尔比为5∶1加KC l体系的增效作用也较佳.其CγM C分别为23.7 mN/m和28.2 mN/m,低于多种植物叶片的临界表面张力值.     

二元表面活性剂复配体系相互作用的研究

本文对非离子表面活性剂聚氧乙烯（n=23)月桂基醚（Brij-35）和阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）及阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTAB）为二元表面活性剂复配水溶液体系，在气－液界面和胶团中的有关物化性能进行了一系列测试，对它们之间的相互作用机理进行了探讨，得出了分子相互作用参数βs和βm，并对复配体系相互作用增效情况进行了讨论。     

间苯二甲酰胺Gemini表面活性剂的合成及性能

采用3-二甲氨基丙胺和间苯二甲酰氯为原料,合成二(3-二甲氨基丙基)间苯二甲酰胺,再分别与溴代正十二烷、溴代正十四烷和溴代正十六烷反应制得3种含酰胺键的Gemini阳离子表面活性剂(C12-N-C12、C14-N-C14、C16-N-C16).采用IR、1 H-NMR、元素分析表征了其结构.测定其临界胶束浓度(CMC)分别为5.96×10-4、1.03×10-4、6.25×10-5 mol·L-1;表面张力(γCMC)分别为40.83、38.76、38.08 mN·m-1;Krafft点分别为0、0、12℃,并研究了其乳化性、泡沫性质.     

全氟壬基苯磺酸钠与碳氢表面活性剂复配体系研究

研究了全氟王基苯磺酸钠(FS)与不同离子类型的碳氢表面活性剂所形成的复配体系,结果表明.复配体系具有较强的增效作用,水溶液浓度为0.03%时,表面张力可降至30mN·m-1以下.其中FS/OP-1O复配体系增效作用最显著,在FS/0P-lO=1:3(质量比)时,表面张力降至20 mN·m-1以下,并具有较低的界面张力.     

HEC/CMC复配溶液协同效应的流变学研究

为了研究不同类型纤维素醚之间的协同效应,采用黏度和动态力学测试方法,以羟乙基纤维素(HEC)与羧甲基纤维素(CMC)复配体系为研究对象,通过对两种纤维素醚按不同质量比例复配水溶液的表观黏度、流变性及动态力学参数的变化,分析离子/非离子型纤维素醚间相互作用的机理.实验结果表明,HEC/CMC复配体系可以形成协同增黏效应并且降低触变性,提高溶液微观结构稳定性.协同作用在m(HEC)∶m(CMC)接近1∶1时趋于明显;当m(HEC)∶m(CMC)为2∶1时,可部分形成共用电子域效应;当m(HEC)∶m(CMC)为1∶2时,组分间协同作用较弱,溶液结构稳定性相对较差.     

可降解型阳离子表面活性剂的合成及结构表征

文章以自制的缩水甘油硬脂酸酯(GS)和三甲基氯化铵为原料,经一步反应合成含酯基可降解型阳离子表面活性剂(CMESA)。通过元素分析和红外光谱等分析方法确定其化学结构。用乙醇为溶剂,pH为9-10,温度为45℃时反应1h后得到92%的产物.滴体积法测表面张力(γ)和临界胶团浓度(cmc),在25℃下其cmc为5.4×10~(-5)mol·L~(-1),在cmc时的γ_(cmc)= 40.20 mN·m~(-1).     

4-烷基二苯甲烷二磺酸盐的合成与表面性能

合成了一类新型双阴离子表面活性剂4-烷基二苯甲烷二磺酸盐(Ⅰ).在三氯化铝催化剂存在下,烷基苯(分别为十二、十四、十六烷基苯)与苯甲酰氯反应获得4-烷基二苯甲酮(Ⅱ).在氢氧化钾存在下,(Ⅱ)用水合肼还原,再经氯磺酸磺化,产物用氢氧化钠水解获得(Ⅰ),收率分别为37.7%、36.5%、33.7%(以烷基苯计).采用IR、1H NMR表征了结构.通过表面张力法测定其临界胶束浓度CMC分别为2.10×10-3、6.50×10-4、4.10×10-4mol·L-1;γCMC分别为46.13、52.43、54.70 mN·m-1.并研究了其乳化、泡沫性能.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-