曲克芦丁-Pd/Ce双金属催化剂对Heck反应催化性能研究

制备了曲克芦丁-Pd/Ce双金属配合物催化剂,考察了催化剂对芳基卤和取代基芳基卤与丙烯酸的Heck芳基化反应的催化性能.结果表明:在反应温度为80℃、反应时间为8 h、TBABr作为溶剂和三丁胺作为碱的条件下,曲克芦丁-Pd/Ce双金属配合物能够有效地催化Heck芳基化反应,产率达85%以上.该催化剂对不同取代基芳基卤与丙烯酸的Heck反应也有很好的催化性能.     

电磁场对Al-Mg/Al-Si复合界面析出相的影响

为了给液固相复合界面控制提供理论支持,研究了在电磁离心铸造复合轧辊中电磁场对液固相双金属复合界面的影响.采用离心铸造法制备Al-Mg/Al-Si双金属复合管,在液固相复合过程中施加电磁场,并利用扫描式电子显微镜、 X射线衍射、电子探针微区分析的方法分析复合界面.结果表明:与未施加磁场时相比,施加磁场后界面区域内的物相组成没有发生变化,但是界面内新析出的初生Mg2Si相尺寸显著减小,边角钝化,并且在径向上共晶Mg2Si相与初生Mg2Si相的分布更加趋于均匀.     

碳载Pt-Au催化剂对氧的电催化还原反应

通过金属簇合物途径制备了碳载Pt-Au双金属纳米电催化剂.X-射线衍射和透射电镜结果表明合成的双金属纳米催化剂具有平均粒径小、粒径分布窄、相对结晶度低等特点.合成的Pt-Au/C催化剂经600℃热处理后粒径变化不大,表明合成的双金属催化剂具有较好的热稳定性.与商业化E-TEK Pt/C催化剂相比,该催化剂对氧气还原反应呈现了较高的电催化活性.     

铜铅/钢双金属复合材料组织和粘结强度分析

采用双金属复合材料加工工艺制备铜铅/钢双金属复合材料,对复合材料金相组织、合金成分和界面处相组成进行分析,测定铜铅型轴瓦双金属复合材料的粘结强度.结果表明,专用钢背材料和铜铅合金复合,复合材料粘结强度σ为150 MPa;用08Al钢作钢背,复合材料粘结强度为85 MPa.不同钢背材料对双金属粘结强度产生不同影响,双金属界面金相组织观察和二次电子像结合能谱分析表明,铅均匀分布,未产生偏析现象,Fe原子和Cu原子互扩散而提高了双金属粘结强度.     

高分子酞菁铜-冠醚钠双金属配合物的制备及催化性能研究

以二-间,间-二苯并冠醚磺酰氯为桥联剂,与功能化的金属酞菁以界面缩聚合成了聚冠醚-酞菁双金属配合物(P-BsdB-18-C-6-Pc(Cu-Na)).采用红外光谱、扫描电镜-能谱仪、热重-热差分析等对高分子配合物进行了表征.并以分子氧为氧源,对其催化异丙苯氧化反应性能进行了研究.     

双分子Salen金属催化剂的研究进展

双分子Salen金属配合物通过双金属活性中心的协同作用能够有效地催化多种化学反应.双金属催化剂拥有2个金属催化中心,可以同时对底物进行活化,从而加快反应速度和提高反应选择性.某些情况下,有些不能发生的新反应通过这种策略也能很好地反应.对双分子Salen金属催化剂的设计原理、最有效的合成方法作了归纳总结,并讨论了其在催化方面的应用.     

热压316L/Q345R复合板的结合性能

热轧双金属复合板由于其优良性质而得到广泛使用,而如何改善其结合性能也成为业界内的研究热点问题.本文尝试采用分子动力学模拟的方法对316L/Q345R双金属板的高温结合性能进行系统研究.在建立316L/Q345R体系的原子结构模型的基础上,使用MID模拟方法对316L/Q345R体系的热压复合过程进行模拟,其中采用嵌入原子势函数来描述Fe、Cr和Ni之间的相互作用.分析了不同温度与压缩应变率对热压复合变形机制以及扩散层厚度的影响,并探讨了添加金属层对界面结合性能的改善效果.研究表明:温度的提高有利于形成较厚的扩散层,当双金属热压复合温度接近熔点时,此时在双金属复合界面获得的扩散层厚度远大于在较低温度复合时的扩散层厚度;应变率的提高会降低扩散层厚度,这主要因为在达到相同的压缩应变时,随着应变率增大和压缩时间缩短,原子的扩散时间缩短;在双金属之间添加一个晶格厚度的Ni层后,复合界面扩散层厚度比不含Ni复合时增加了134.5％,表明添加镍层能够明显提高扩散层厚度,但添加铬层对提高扩散层厚度的影响不大.     

双金属复合管塑性成形工艺

应用卸载理论对薄壁双层金属复合管材在塑性成形后接触面上的配合性质与材料力学性能之间的关系进行了分析和研究,得出了应用塑性成形工艺生产紧配合双金属复合管的通用条件,即采用适当的内缩成形工艺或管材直径增大的胀形类成形工艺,可以在卸载后使得双层金属复合管材呈紧密配合状态.采用MSC.Mare软件分别对内缩成形工艺和胀形类成形工艺生产紧配合双金属复合管工艺过程进行了系统的数值模拟研究,模拟结果和理论分析结果完全吻合,证明了研究结果的可行性.     

双金属固相复合异步轧制新工艺

在φ90/φ200×200 mm 可逆的四辊轧机上进行异步轧制复合新工艺的研究,并与常规轧制的特性比较;研究了轧制工艺参数对复合过程的影响。结果表明,异步轧制对双金属固相复合有特殊的优越性,充分显示出降低轧制压力的特点。采用此工艺可以在一般的四辊轧机上轧出宽板带复合双金属。此工艺可以应用于双金属固相复合的工业生产中。     

铁钼萘酚甲叉替乙二胺配合物穆斯堡尔谱的研究

以萘酚甲叉替乙二胺为配体,合成了单金属(铁)和双金属(铁、钼)的配合物,对它们进行了穆斯堡尔谱的研究,确定了铁在配合物中的氧化态,得到了与磁性测量一致的结果,探讨了性质和结构的关系,它们可能作为生物体系的化学模拟物。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-