基于改进比例失效率模型的设备剩余寿命预测

产品的剩余寿命预测能够为产品的维修和更换提供重要的决策依据.传统的比例失效模型方法在剩余寿命预测中得到了广泛的应用,然而此方法没有充分利用产品的历史寿命信息,对产品的退化过程也没有很好地描述.针对此问题,提出了一种融合退化过程与失效率建模的产品剩余寿命预测方法.该方法首先利用线性过程对产品的退化过程建模,然后利用比例失效模型融合退化过程对失效率的影响,达到充分利用产品历史信息的目的.此外,与传统比例失效模型方法不同,模型中的比例参数分为两部分,分别将产品退化的初始信息和产品的退化增量联系起来,进一步利用产品的当前退化信息对产品的参数进行Bayes更新,基于此进行剩余寿命预测,从而实现产品历史数据和当前退化数据的有效融合.通过激光发生器的退化数据验证了所提方法的有效性.     

综合退化数据与寿命数据的某型电连接器寿命预测方法

针对基于寿命数据的预测方法效率不高的问题,在进行温、湿度双应力加速退化试验的基础上,研究了通过分析加速退化数据而进行寿命预测的途径.为了充分利用所收集的产品寿命数据来提高预测精度,提出了综合退化数据与寿命数据的寿命预测方法.分别使用Wiener过程、逆高斯分布和广义Eyring模型对产品性能的退化数据、少量寿命数据以及产品反应率进行建模,并建立了综合以上信息的可靠性模型.在此基础上,利用Markov Chain Monte Carlo仿真方法得到模型参数的点估计值,通过Bootstrap自助抽样法获得了模型参数的估计区间.结果表明,所提出的综合退化数据与寿命数据的方法可以提高寿命预测精度.     

基于多阶段-随机维纳退化过程的产品剩余寿命预测方法

针对退化失效型产品的剩余寿命预测是开展其视情维修的关键前提。考虑到一些产品性能退化过程具有多阶段非单调的特点,提出基于多阶段-随机维纳退化过程的产品剩余寿命预测方法。针对产品退化过程的每一阶段,主要考虑以高应力加速退化试验数据为先验信息,不预先给予Wiener过程参数的假定分布,而利用加速因子将高应力下的参数估计值折算到正常应力下的参数值;再通过使用Anderson-Darling方法确定参数的最优分布,作为参数的先验分布;然后通过Bayes方法利用产品正常应力下实时退化数据对参数先验分布进行更新,得到参数后验分布,进而对产品的剩余寿命进行预测;最后以某型加速度计为实例验证了所提出的方法适用性和有效性。     

考虑随机退化和信息融合的剩余寿命预测方法

针对性能退化过程服从Wiener过程的产品,运用贝叶斯统计推断法,提出了一种融合产品现场实测性能退化数据与同类产品常规退化试验信息、历史寿命信息的个体剩余寿命预测方法.建立了基于Wiener过程的产品剩余寿命模型;考虑到个体之间的性能退化差异性,假定Wiener过程参数服从随机分布模型,建立了个体现场实测退化数据下分布参数的贝叶斯估计模型,给出了超参数后验估计公式;分别建立了退化数据和寿命数据下的完全似然函数,构建了基于最大期望算法的超参数先验估计模型;通过实例分析验证了所提方法的正确性和优势,结果表明本方法可有效处理个体现场实测退化信息与同类产品先验信息之间的剩余寿命预测问题.     

基于性能退化的刀具可靠性评估

针对长寿命少失效样本条件下的可靠性评估问题,从性能退化角度分析了退化指标分布已知与未知条件下的性能退化路径的可靠度评估方法.以刀具为例,将其加工过程的刀具磨损量作为退化指标,建立了3种不同的退化路径模型,结合失效阈值,准确地估计出了刀具的伪失效寿命,并通过伪失效寿命数据分布模型进行了刀具的可靠性评估,对比分析了3种分布模型的可靠性指标差异,验证了该方法的有效性,为长寿命少失效样本条件下的设备可靠性评估提供了新的方法和思路.     

基于支持向量回归与Bayesian理论的性能退化产品可靠性分析

为提高小样本非线性下的性能退化产品可靠性评估准确性,提出一种融合性能退化数据与寿命数据的可靠性评估方法.首先选定产品的性能退化变量并记录下与时间相关的退化数据,随后利用支持向量回归(Support Vector Regression,SVR)理论对性能退化轨迹进行拟合建模,再通过首达阈值的概念推算出产品伪失效寿命数据.假设产品寿命服从特定的概率分布,则可求得产品的可靠性解析表达式.为了充分利用可得到的多种信息,增加评估的可信度,结合Bayesian理论,融合可得的真实寿命数据,一旦得到新的失效寿命数据,便可更新迭代模型参数提高评估准确性.最后通过数值仿真与陀螺仪退化数据的实例验证所提方法的可行性.结果表明,本研究有效地解决了小样本非线性情形下性能退化产品可靠性分析不精确的难题.     

采用时间序列突变点检测的滚动轴承性能退化评价方法

以滚动轴承为研究对象,根据性能退化曲线的现实意义定义了对性能退化特征提取具有指导意义的评价方法,该方法由初始退化点、初始敏感性、失效突变性和趋势一致性4个指标构成,并根据性能退化曲线的物理特性设计了性能退化特征评价的定量化指标;利用时间序列线性化突变点检测的方法给出了评价指标的计算过程,为性能退化特征的选取提供了更为直观的依据。使用国际通用的Swiss数据集进行验证,实验结果表明该评价方法可以全面评价各个性能退化特征对性能退化过程的表征效果。为了更好地保持原始高维数据的空间位置关系,提出了基于邻域参数自适应选取的局部线性嵌入(LLE)算法,通过自适应局部权值向量来保存高维空间数据的局部线性结构,将多个局部线性进行叠加来不断地逼近全局的非线性,有效提高直接使用高维数据反映原始状态性能的可靠性和稳定性。使用滚动轴承加速寿命试验数据,对比邻域参数自适应LLE算法和常规LLE算法所提取的性能退化特征,验证了邻域参数自适应LLE算法可以保留更多原始高维数据的信息。     

基于相关向量机的发动机剩余寿命预测

针对民航发动机寿命预测中监测参数较多筛选困难的问题,提出一种基于信息融合与相关向量机的发动机剩余寿命预测方法。首先通过核主元分析方法从发动机多维监测数据中提取退化特征信息;然后利用非线性模型将主元序列融合成反映发动机退化趋势的健康指数序列;最后采用相关向量机以历史失效数据为训练样本建立预测模型,对现有的发动机健康指数序列进行外推预测得到当前样本的寿命预测值。通过NASA Ames研究中心公开的涡轮风扇发动机仿真数据验证了该方法的有效性,其预测性能优于常用的支持向量机模型和过程神经网络模型。     

西部地区混凝土基于Weibull分布的寿命预测研究

对混凝土试件进行了模拟特殊自然环境条件下的加速失效试验,并得到了加速寿命数据.首先,结合寿命数据采用Weibull分布函数对其退化过程进行建模;其次,应用不同参数估计方法得到了基于Weibull分布参数的估计值;最后,建立了服役寿命的可靠度函数及概率密度函数.结果表明:Weibull分布函数可以有效地描述混凝土试件的加速耐久性能退化过程,建立的混凝土加速寿命可靠度函数能够直观地反映试件的服役寿命,并且与试验结果较一致;在参数估计方法的适用性方面,最小二乘法以及极大似然估计法比较适合小样本完全寿命数据的情况,这为混凝土加速失效试验的寿命预测及可靠性评估提供了直接而有效的参数估计方法.     

控制力矩陀螺部分失效时灵敏航天器的姿态机动控制

研究了应用单框架控制力矩陀螺(SGCMG)作为姿态控制执行机构,在部分陀螺失效时,灵敏航天器姿态机动的控制问题。对金字塔构型(PC)陀螺群中一只陀螺失效产生的构型变化进行了分析,研究了部分陀螺失效对陀螺群角动量包络及输出力矩的影响,基于最优化理论和坐标变换方法提出了一种利用失效后最大角动量包络提供较大输出力矩的策略。在给定飞行任务的前提下,以某小卫星为例,针对给定的姿态机动任务进行了仿真验证,结果表明使用所设计的方法,小卫星在失效情况下也可以完成姿态机动任务,验证了该方法的可行性和有效性。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.