基于一种听觉模型的特征提取及语音识别

该文分析了人耳耳蜗及中枢听觉神经对声信号处理的机理，主要包括耳蜗对声信号的频率分析、柯蒂氏器官毛细胞的从振动机械能到电化学能的转换，听神侧抑制神经网络和增益调整四个层次，建立各个层次上听觉的数学模型。     

激光光声和热透镜光谱信号增强

进行了溶剂介质对于激光光声和热透镜光谱信号增强研究，探讨了液体光声传感器压电换能元件不同组合装配方式对信号增强的影响，表明了增强作用机理。这对于激光光声和热透镜光谱分析在分析化学中的应用、提高灵敏度，具有实际应用意义     

中耳正向与逆向压力增益模拟

为分析中耳的声传递特性,采用声场与结构耦合的人耳有限元模型模拟声音在中耳中正向和逆向传递过程,分别获得外耳道声音激励经听骨链传递到耳蜗的中耳正向压力增益,以及耳蜗声音激励经中耳传递到外耳道的逆向压力增益．通过中耳正、逆向压力增益的乘积来分析声音在中耳往返传递的压力增益,评价中耳对耳声发射传递的影响．在1-3kHz范围内,计算结果显示中耳往返压力增益平均值为-18dB．     

可产生耳声发射的耳蜗非线性传输线模型

耳声发射是近年来耳科学领域很受重视的研究课题。本文的目的是从生理系统的仿真与建模的角度研究耳声发射的产生机理。基于电声学等效关系，本文给出了耳蜗的一维非线性传输线模型。该模型中引入非线性受控源做为耳声发射信号的产生源。计算结果表明，该模型除具有与耳蜗生理基本一致的选频特性外，还可成功地仿真两种重要的耳声发射信号、瞬时诱发耳声发射（ＴＥＯＡＥ）及变调失真耳声发射（ＤＰＯＡＥ）。     

电子耳蜗植入聋儿手术初探

我省现有７周岁以下聋儿３０万名，其中大多数为双耳重度或极重度感音神经性聋。由于目前还没有治疗感音神经性耳聋的有效药物，因此，这些聋儿一般选择配戴合适助听器以补偿听力，让聋儿接受语训开口说话。但是其中一部分聋儿因听力损失严重，使助听器助听效果极差。目前，一种代替正常耳蜗转换功能的人工装置──电子耳蜗使这些生活在无声世界的聋儿重新有了康复希望。电子耳蜗又叫人工耳蜗，是一种把声音信号换成电信号的特殊声电能装置，它能绕过损伤的内耳后细胞，直接刺激听觉，将听觉信号送到大脑，为重度或极重度聋的成人或儿童提供…     

采用小波变换对自发耳声发射信号的检测研究

自发耳声发射信号的检测方法通常采用周期图法 ,为了推动自发耳声发射在临床生理和病理上的应用 ,需要有较高频率分辨率和准确率的稳健算法推向临床。论文在研究自发耳声发射信号的检测方法时 ,通过对连续小波变换的两种快速算法的比较 ,发现调频 Z变换方法比 Mellin变换方法在提高自发耳声发射信号的频率分辨率方面具有更大的优越性 ,提高了自发耳声发射信号谱峰识别的准确性和简易性。调频 Z变换方法对推动自发耳声发射在临床生理和病理上的应用有更大的潜力。     

学习机制对不平等战略联盟伙伴关系的影响

在战略联盟理论有关企业合作行为的理论模型研究方面，现有研究已经建立了“技术-技术”或“技术加市场-技术加市场”等对称型数理模型，作者以“技术-市场”型战略联盟为研究对象，用巴斯扩散模型表达联盟伙伴间的实力对比，建立了不对称模型，讨论了不平等情况下联盟伙伴间的利益变化，并引入了学习机制对巴斯模型进行改型，从而建立了不平等战略联盟中的学习活动对伙伴关系影响的模型，证明了学习机制对联盟伙伴间的关系具有战略性意义，即联盟会向着有利于学习效率较高的参与者的方向发展，同时也解释了我国近十年来“以市场换资金、换技术”策略不尽人意的根源，指出我国企业应提高在与外商的联盟中的学习效率。     

斯氏鼢鼠耳蜗形态对感知低频声波的适应

利用光学显微镜和透射电子显微镜技术对斯氏鼢鼠(Myospalax smithi)耳蜗进行显微和超显微水平观察，分析了其对低频声波感知的结构基础．结果表明，斯氏鼢鼠的耳蜗与其它哺乳类存在区别，蜗顶处螺旋神经节的数目多于蜗底；盲鼹鼠(Spalax ehrenbergi)耳蜗所不具有的传出神经纤维在斯氏鼢鼠耳蜗的电镜切片上可见，这有利于斯氏鼢鼠对不同频率声波的更精确的感知；最顶部的半圈蜗管上有两排内毛细胞，而没有外毛细胞．在长期的进化适应过程中，斯氏鼢鼠耳蜗产生了独特的结构以完成和洞道中其它个体的通讯。     

用Gammatone滤波器组仿真人耳基底膜的特性

为了更好地理解人耳蜗的工作机制,提出了一种利用Gammatone滤波器组对基底膜进行仿真的方法.根据Gammatone滤波器组与人耳基底膜两者在冲激响应、幅频特性等方面的相似性,采用一组中心频率呈对数均匀分布的Gammatone滤波器组来模拟基底膜.采用多种信号作为输入,对该方法进行仿真测试.仿真结果表明:在纯音、混合音和语音等输入情况下,该方法能仿真人耳基底膜的动态响应过程、频率选择特性和频谱分析特性等重要特征,对于语音压缩、语音识别和人工耳蜗等听觉应用领域有参考价值.     

氢搀杂的内生富勒烯H@C60及外生富勒烯HC+60的结构及电子性质

采用半经验和第一性原理方法研究了单个氢搀杂的内生富勒烯H@C60及外生富勒烯HC60^ 。与Bingel变换实验一致，作者发现氢的确位于C60中心。HC60^ 的几何构型与HC60接近。它的最低空轨道强烈地局域在搀杂氢位。其最高占据轨道与最低空轨道的能隙比C60减小一半。计算的电子谱与实验的一致表明HC60确实能被氧化。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.