地面三维激光扫描仪的测量误差分析

三维激光扫描技术的出现为快速、有效、准确获取三维空间信息提供了全新的技术支持.三维激光扫描仪能够不受白天黑夜的限制,全天侯对任意物体进行扫描并获取高精度的物体表面点的三维信息及反射率信息,从而快速实现物体的三维重建.然而,由于在应用过程中,受到仪器本身技术的限制以及外界的影响,使得外业采集的点云数据的精度受到不同程度的影响,从而使得后续的点云数据处理变得复杂且缓慢,甚至使得最终生成的三维模型与实际物体不一致.主要针对地面三维激光扫描仪在测量过程中存在的测距误差、测角误差以及误差来源进行了详细地分析并构建了点位误差模型,为提高三维激光点云数据处理的效率和精度提供了必要的条件.     

基于RBF神经网络的三维点云数据孔洞修补

三维扫描获取点云数据,往往由于被测物体自身形状复杂,扫描设备本身局限或者外部遮挡而出现孔洞,影响后续重构精度.由此提出一种基于RBF神经网络的三维扫描点云数据孔洞修补方法.该方法首先基于法线信息和KD tree提取三维点云的孔洞边缘信息,基于蒙特卡罗法在特征平面内生成填充数据点;然后将采集到的孔洞边缘特征点作为样本点集...     

基于显著性物体检测和S-PCG算法的彩色全息显示系统

针对全息三维显示系统图像生成速度慢、重建精度低以及波前调制器件调制性能受限等问题,设计了一种面向真实物体的彩色全息三维实时显示系统.首先,利用深度相机采集真实物体的三维信息;其次,在采集端构建三维显著物体检测模型,采用显著性检测滤除冗余背景信息,获得准确的点云信息;最后,利用分割型点云网格化(segmented point cloud gridding, S-PCG)算法快速生成全息图,完成彩色全息三维实时显示系统的构建.实验结果表明,与传统方法相比,所提方法可有效降低全息系统的计算复杂度,提升采集端实时图像处理速度和重建精度.     

快速成型中的三维数据准备

快速成型中的三维数据包括物体的三维CAD模型、通过三维数字化测量仪器测得的物体表面的三维数据点云、STL文件及三维模型的切片. 通过概念设计和反求工程中的三维扫描可以建立物体的三维CAD模型, 并着重讨论了工件表面点三维数据的获取方法及数据点云的处理, STL文件的格式、精度、分割与拼接.     

基于工业机器人的未知曲面测量算法研究

在装甲装备维修保养作业中,为实现对车辆底盘部分零部件的自动装卸载,首先应解决CAD模型未知的零部件自动扫描测量和模数重建的问题。提出基于工业机器人的非接触自适应测量曲面重建方法。在测量过程中,将激光测距传感器安装于工业机器人法兰并转换坐标,根据被测零部件上的已测点,由提出的曲线圆弧预测自适应算法,得到下一个预测点矢量及测头轨迹点矢量,拟合成B样条曲线,规划合理的测量路径,进而指导工业机器人自动采集被测零部件上的真实三维点。通过仿真和试验结果表明,该方法能够根据此类零部件曲面特征获取采样点,减小了由测量入射角的存在和算法本身缺陷而导致的精度损失,有效地提高了CAD模型未知曲面数字化采样的精度,为模数重建提供了良好的点云数据。     

用Kinect定位平面上单一圆柱型物体

通过Kinect设备获取物体所在场景的3D点云图像,再用积分图像计算场景中点云的法向量,根据法向量Y方向分量与XOZ平面所成角度的正切阚值滤除放置物体的平面,同时利用坐标输出阏值的设定滤除其它背景点和噪点。随机采取物体点云图中任意法向量不同的两点,根据它们的法向量和坐标,用异面直线公垂线的计算方法得到圆柱体的中心轴。再用点到空间直线的距离公式计算圆柱型物体的半径。最后通过计算物体点云X,Y,Z方向坐标的取值范围,实现对物体的定位。使用采集的场景点云图对算法结构进行测试,结果表明,算法结构可以可靠提取放置物体的平面和平面上的圆柱形物体,可以为机器人抓取提供准确数据信息。     

基于点云分割的建筑平面图智能生成技术

为了使房屋检测中建筑平面图测绘更加智能化,提出一种基于点云分割的建筑平面图智能生成技术．首先,使用多站点三维激光扫描仪获取点云数据,将所有站点数据进行点云配准拼接,获得完整的建筑模型,同时对点云进行降采样预处理;然后,采用随机抽样一致性(RANSAC)算法对建筑平面进行提取,通过调整点之间距离的阈值、拟合的平面数量和迭代的次数来分割出不同构件的平面;最后,选取合适的中间高度将分割后的点云模型切片,构建投影函数执行投影生成平面图．使用Python编程语言并结合Open3D点云数据处理库对所提算法进行验证,通过对教学楼某层扫描数据进行分析,实现了含有墙、门窗位置信息的建筑平面图的智能生成．研究结果表明：该技术可以准确地对三维激光扫描点云进行分析处理,且平均尺寸误差在4%以内,具有较高的分类精度．     

装配式建筑平面激光点云数据线性特征提取方法

提取建筑物线性特征时，由于未对采集到的建筑物点云数据预处理，导致最终提取的建筑物线性特征存在完整度差、提取正确率低的问题，对此，提出装配式建筑平面激光点云数据线性特征提取方法。通过内设激光测距系统获取建筑物在三维向量的有效数据，采用非接触式几何支撑系统建立基于有效数据的空间向量模型，将该模型输入三维激光扫描仪的目标物体表面校正系统中，获取到建筑物的整体点云数据。利用Otsu目标检测法对获取的整体点云数据进行优化处理，采用改进IFFT算法建立基于优化数据的物像空间位姿表征模型，利用连续投影算法提取网格内部特征点并连接成线，完成建筑物点云数据线性特征的提取。实验结果表明，所提方法的装配式建筑平面激光点云数据线性特征提取清晰度高、完整度好，且建筑物线性特征的提取正确率最高可达100%，说明该方法具有实用性。     

三维激光扫描仪在地形测量中的一体化应用

在地形测量一体化中,三维激光扫描技术具有传统测量方法所不具备的优势:无需接触被测地形、高效率、高精度、快速获取高密度的三维点云数据.本文以三维激光扫描仪对四川省汉源县万工集镇的滑坡区进行扫描为例,介绍了三维激光扫描仪在一体化测量中的控制网布设、外业数据采集、内业数据处理、地形图绘制等流程,并分别采用平面误差、高程误差和平面中误差、高程中误差两种方法检查了测图质量.其结果表明,该方法完全可以满足地形测量精度要求.     

基于点云数据的建筑物快速精细建模

运用点云切片提取建筑物特征线拟合建模,对于长方体、圆柱体、管状体等规则物体自动匹配建模,对于不规则物体进行点云切割、侧视图提取轮廓线、拟合建模,对相同的结构复制等方式批量处理,然后根据点云组合模型,完成建筑物主体建模;通过平面投影方式提取门窗等细节的轮廓线,将轮廓线导出到第三方软件,实现对门窗的精细建模;最后通过纹理贴图生成极富真实感的三维模型并对其数字化展示.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.