内循环UASB处理高浓度丙烯酸废水

研究升流式厌氧污泥床(UASB)工艺处理高浓度丙烯酸废水的可行性.试验过程中在pH、温度正常稳定基础上,以不同方式提高反应器的容积负荷,直至最大值.结果表明:UASB反应器处理高浓度丙烯酸能承受的最大负荷为13.1～13.5 kg/(m3·d).在容积负荷13.1 kg/(m3·d)、进水化学需氧量(COD)为15.234g/L下反应器可稳定运行,对COD的去除效果良好,挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)为3.5 mmol/L,出水COD为0.614 mg/L,COD去除率达87.9%.     

厌氧折流板反应器处理高含量有机废水的启动试验研究

研究了厌氧折流板反应器处理高含量有机废水的启动过程,并对启动过程的影响因素进行了分析.采用低负荷启动方式,控制初始有机负荷为1.2 kg/(m3·d).经过169 d的运行,实现了反应器的成功启动.反应器有机负荷达到了12 kg/(m3·d).COD(化学需氧量)去除率稳定在96%左右.     

一体化两相厌氧反应器处理猪场废水的启动研究

采用自行设计的一体化两相厌氧反应器处理猪场废水,对启动过程进行研究.在37 ℃下,通过交替增加进水化学需氧量(COD)浓度和缩短水力停留时间(HRT)来提高系统的COD容积负荷(VLR),采用动力学控制与pH值调节相结合的方法对产酸相和产甲烷相进行分相.经过68天的运行,系统的VLR达到8.84 kg/(m3·d),HRT为20.95 h,产酸相的COD去除率基本维持在20.00%～30.00%,系统的COD去除率稳定在80.00%以上.其中产酸相的VLR和HRT分别为31.11 kg/(m3·d) 和5.95 h,产甲烷相的VLR和HRT分别为9.39 kg/(m3·d)和15.00 h.出水悬浮固体(SS)含量均在400 mg/L以下,去除率最高可达92.80%,沼气的容积产气率达到2.57 m3/(m3·d).     

中温上流式厌氧污泥床(UASB)处理污泥热脱水滤液

采用中温上流式厌氧污泥床反应器在(35±1)℃下处理污泥热脱水滤液,以考察其COD去除能力和产能前景.实验运行参数如下:污泥负荷为0.05～0.39 kg COD/(kg污泥·d),水力停留时间为69.5 h,中温接种污泥为高温处理污泥热脱水滤液的实验污泥.实验结果表明:运行稳定后COD去除率达75%以上,最大日产CH_4量为266.46 mL/L,总气体产量中甲烷占比52.29%以上.反应器运行稳定后,VFA去除率可达95%以上;氨氮浓度在3.5～6.6 g/L时出现对产甲烷活性的抑制.经过40多天的实验发现,中温UASB反应器能有效去除污泥热脱水液中的COD,可有效去除氨氮,可用于污泥再处理产生的高浓度污水处理.     

外循环UASB处理太湖富藻水运行特性研究

针对太湖富藻水高有机物浓度特点,研究外循环升流式厌氧污泥床(UASB)反应器处理太湖富藻水的效能和运行效果.研究表明,以城市污水处理厂活性污泥为种泥,自然腐熟5～7 d左右的太湖富藻水为原水,进水COD为1 050～2 000 mg/L,水力停留时间(HRT)为5d,(32士1)℃温度等条件下,可以在32 d内成功启动外循环UASB反应器并达到初步稳定运行.通过降低HRT,分阶段提高COD质量浓度的方法,逐步将外循环UASB处理太湖富藻水的有机负荷提高到3 kg COD/(m3·d),其COD去除率可以稳定在75％左右,产气率为0.75 L/(L·d),外循环UASB对太湖富藻水具有良好的处理效果.通过电镜观测,发现稳定运行期形成颗粒污泥,且污泥内生物相丰富,分别为丝状菌、杆状菌和球状菌等多种微生物共营生长.     

水解酸化-膜生物反应器处理抗生素废水

根据抗生素生产混合废水的特点,采用水解酸化-膜生物反应器(MBR)工艺对混合废水进行了工业化实验,系统研究了多种抗生素混合废水处理工艺的运行参数和处理效果. 结果表明,当膜生物反应器的进水COD容积负荷7～10 kg·m-3·d-1时,系统的COD去除率达到90%,NH4-N和TN去除率分别达到80%和65%,出水水质满足中二级标准的要求.     

新型生物膜反应器处理传统村落生活污水的挂膜研究

利用自主设计的一套新型生物膜反应器处理传统村落生活污水,采用人工投加活性污泥的挂膜方法对反应器进行挂膜启动,研究了COD负荷、C/N比以及回流比对反应器运行效果的影响.实验结果显示:投加活性污泥的挂膜方式能够在较短的时期内挂膜成功,且挂膜过程中生物膜外观以及微生物相变化都较为明显;挂膜成功后,COD和NH_4~+-N的去除率达到85%以上;在运行过程中,该生物膜反应器的运行效率受COD负荷、C/N比和回流比的影响较大,在COD负荷为0.25 kg/(m~2·d)、C/N比为10.2、回流比为9.17时,反应器的COD和NH_4~+-N去除率最高,分别达到91.46%和88.65%.     

高效厌氧反应器处理生物制药废水的试验研究

高效厌氧反应器(EABR)处理生物制药废水的启动和运行试验研究结果表明:EABR反应器处理效率高,启动周期短,经过50 d的运行后,COD的去除率达到90.4%,BOD5的去除率维持在88.5%以上.EABR的最佳运行负荷在18.0 kg·m-3·d-1以下,有机负荷在20.0 kg·m-3·d-1时,COD、BOD5的去除率均有较大幅度的下降.EABR对负荷的冲击承受能力不宜超过50%;出水pH维持在7.0～7.4时,COD的去除率在87.9%～91.4%.     

大蒜切片废水处理的组合工艺实验研究

研究填料厌氧折流板反应器(ABR)—活性污泥—水生植物的组合工艺处理大蒜切片加工废水的运行特点.结果表明:填料ABR单元的最佳HRT为20 h,有机负荷小于COD 7.8 kg/(m3.d)为宜,在此工况下,COD的平均去除率可达92.5%;活性污泥法单元的最佳HRT为12 h,进水有机负荷宜保持在COD 0.8~1.2 kg/(m3.d)之间,在此工况下,COD的平均去除率为81.0%;水生植物单元的最佳HRT为3.5 d,在此最佳HRT下,COD的去除率为42.6%.该组合工艺COD总去除率保持在99.37%~99.42%之间,出水的COD浓度为38~41 mg/L,出水水质能稳定达到国家一级A排放标准.     

UBF复合式厌氧反应器处理焦油废水实验研究

在环境温度16～35℃条件下,流式污泥床—过滤器(UpflowBlanketFilter,UBF)复合式厌氧反应器对生物质气化发电焦油废水进行了厌氧预处理实验研究,对UBF反应器内悬浮态微生物相进行了分析。实验表明,UBF反应器经过274d达到稳定运行时,在HRT为66.9h,COD有机负荷为0.65～0.75kg/(m3·d)的条件下,COD平均去除率达到26%;反应器的处理效率较低,说明厌氧生物处理只能作为焦油废水的预处理手段,其后还需要其它工艺作后续处理才能达到生产回用要求。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to