钒掺杂TiO_2纳米粉体光催化降解甲基橙研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备掺杂V的纳米TiO2光催化剂,研究了V不同掺杂量及热处理温度对紫外光照下TiO2光催化降解甲基橙性能的影响.结果表明,经V掺杂改性的TiO2增加了晶相的转变温度,吸收光谱发生红移,光催化活性有明显提高,在本试验范围内V的最佳掺杂摩尔分数为0.1%,最佳烧结温度为400℃.     

CaO-CaCl_2-Fe_xO熔渣的热力学性质

采用Mo|Mo+MoO_2|ZrO_2(MgO)|Fe+(Fe_xO)+Ag|Fe固体电池测定了CaO-CaCl_2-Fe_xO熔渣中Fe_xO的活度。结果表明:Fe_xO活度与CaO/CaCl_2比有关,即在均一液相范围内,Fe_xO的活度随CaO/CaCl_2比的增大而降低。根据Fe_xO活度的测定数据,作出了CaO-CaCl_2-Fe_xO三元系在1200℃和1350℃的等温相图。     

纳米ZrO2基固体电解质的性能研究

在纳米ZrO2粉中单掺纳米Y2O3及复合掺杂纳米Y2O3、纳米Al2O3，通过单轴、二次加压成型，在1200℃下烧结2h后随炉冷却，研究其陶瓷烧体的致密特性、电导率及活化能等。发现3YSZ的机械性能好于8YSZ，而8YSZ的电性能优于3YSZ；4YSZ当Al2O3含量为0．5％时相对密度最大，达99．2％。     

Al2 O3掺杂对Ce0.8 Gd0.15 Y0.05 O2-δ固体电解质的微结构与电性能的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了AlO1.5掺杂浓度为0.5%,1.0%,2.0%的AlO1.5/Ce0.8Gd0.15Y0.05O2-δ固体电解质材料,利用X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和交流阻抗谱研究了Al2O3掺杂对Ce0.8Gd0.15Y0.05O2-δ微观结构及电性能的影响,结果表明：800℃焙烧的所有粉末样品均为单相立方萤石结构,在所有样品中,AlO1.5掺杂量为0.5%的样品晶粒均匀,较致密,交流阻抗谱测试表明掺杂AlO1.5（x=0.5%）使Ce0.8Gd0.15Y0.05O2-δ晶界电阻减小,晶界电导率增高;当AlO1.5掺杂量x≥1%时,Al2O3对晶界的阻塞作用使晶界电导率降低,在所有样品中Ce0.8Gd0.15Y0.05O2-δ/0.5%AlO1.5晶界电导率最高（σ700℃=8.12×10-3S/cm）,说明在Ce0.8Gd0.15Y0.05O2-δ少量掺杂AlO1.5（x=0.5%）具有烧结助剂和晶界清除剂的作用.     

Sm2O3掺杂Ce2O3的加入量对YBa2Cu3O7-δ界面性能的影响

固体氧化物燃料电池(SOFC)具有稳定性高、寿命长、污染低等优点,是二十一世纪的绿色能源之一。当前SOFC阴极通常采用掺杂的ABO3钙钛矿型材料。这类材料在高温下具有较高的导电率和催化活性,但中温化是SOFC的趋势,高温下常用的La(Sr)MnO3阴极材料在中温下性能下降,不能满足中温下电导率的要求。本论文尝试采用柠檬酸燃烧法来制备YBa2Cu3O7-δ,并在YBCO中加入一定量的Sm2O3掺杂的Ce2O3(SDC)作为SOFC的阴极材料,通过对阻抗分析,研究了SDC掺杂量、烧结温度等对该阴极材料性能的影响。实验结果表明:随着SDC的掺杂量x(0≤x≤50%)和烧结温度的升高,阴极材料的界面阻抗减小。在SDC的掺杂量为50%时,且在800℃下烧结得到的烧结体界面阻抗最小,其界面比电阻仅为0.1353ohm/cm2(800℃),这标志着掺杂SDC的YBCO作为中温固体氧化物燃料电池的阴极材料时非常具有发展前景的。     

掺杂Fe对SrBi2Nb2O9介电性质的影响

报道了掺杂Fe可使SrBi2Nb2O9介电和铁电性能得以改善而且可降低陶瓷的烧结温度．采用传统的烧结工艺制备了陶瓷样品，XRD和SEM分析表明SBFN仍具有层状钙钛矿结构，掺杂Fe导致SrBi2Nb2O9陶瓷样品的烧结温度降低约100℃．居里温度从406℃升高到453℃，并且介电常数在居里温度下从1150升高到1409．居里温度和居里温度下介电常数提高都表明自发极化增强，该现象归因于较小Fe^3 掺杂扩大了正离子的“rattling空间”．     

ZrO2掺杂TiO2纳米粉的共沉淀法制备及相变

为探讨离子掺杂对晶体相变的促进或抑制作用，采用共沉淀法制备了Zr^4＋掺杂量分别为0，2％，5％，7％，10％和13％（摩尔分数，余同）的纳米TiO2，研究Zr^4＋掺杂对TiO2从纳米锐钛矿型向金红石型转变的影响，透射电子显微镜研究显示所制备的锐钛矿型TiO2的颗粒直径在10～20nm之间，经X射线衍射研究发现，少量的Zr^4＋掺杂抑制了锐钛矿晶粒的长大，将锐钛矿开始向金红石转变的相变温度从750℃提高到850℃．锆可与TiO2反应生成化合物ZrTiO2，为避免该化合物的生成，Zr^4＋掺杂量不宜超过10％．     

ZrO2基固体氧离子导体的Y2O3、Gd2O3复合掺杂

在纳米Y2O3稳定ZrO2粉中,加入不同摩尔分数(0.0-10%)的纳米Gd2O3粉进行复合掺杂.当Y2O3和Gd2O3与ZrO2的摩尔比之和小于8%时,烧结样品为四方相或四方/立方混合相;超过8%,完全为立方相.复合掺杂Y2O3和Gd2O3的ZrO2固体氧离子导体的电导率优于单独由Y2O3稳定的ZrO2固体氧离子导体.当Y2O3和Gd2O3与ZrO2的摩尔比之和为8%-9%时,样品电导率有最大值.在1000℃时,掺3.0%Y2O3和5.0%Gd2O3的1300℃烧样品的电导率为5.1×10-2Scm-1.     

La2-xAlxMo2O9（0≤x≤0．18）的溶胶凝胶合成及其电性能

采用溶胶凝胶法合成了La位掺杂Al的系列新型氧离子导体La2-xAlxMo2O9（0≤x≤0．18）。通过X-射线衍射（XRD）、拉曼光谱（Raman）、X-射线光电子能谱（XPS）、场发射扫描电镜（FE—SEM）等手段对氧化物结构进行分析,交流阻抗谱测试其电性能。结果表明,随Al掺杂量的增加,其晶胞参数有所减小;A1的掺杂对高温立方相的电导率没有明显改善,但显著提高了低温单斜相的电导率,同时,有效抑制了母体在580℃的相变。     

ZrO_2(掺杂Y_2O_3)固体电解质水蒸气传感器

用ZrO2(掺杂摩尔分数为8%的Y2O3),按照一定的烧结制度得到的小管为固体电解质,分别以已知平衡水蒸气压的H2C2O4和H2C2O4·2H2O的混合物及Na2SO4和Na2SO4·10H2O的混合物为参比电极,同时根据物理化学原理,水溶剂中加非挥发性溶质可以得到不同的水蒸气分压,以纯水和不同浓度的KOH溶液为待测电极,构成水蒸气浓差电池,在0～35℃和8～23℃的范围内,分别对上述两类水蒸气电池做敏感性实验的研究·实验发现,如果以pH2O(Ⅰ)、pH2O(Ⅱ)分别表示待测极和参比极水蒸气压,电池电动势E同lg(pH2O(Ⅰ)/pH2O(Ⅱ))呈现较有规律的变化,即电池的电动势随温度的升高而...     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-